{"id":1100,"date":"2025-09-24T12:34:10","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T05:34:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-co-inox-hut-nam-cham-co-loai-lai-khong-cau-truc-nhan-biet\/"},"modified":"2025-09-24T12:34:10","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T05:34:10","slug":"vi-sao-co-inox-hut-nam-cham-co-loai-lai-khong-cau-truc-nhan-biet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-co-inox-hut-nam-cham-co-loai-lai-khong-cau-truc-nhan-biet\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 inox h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac &#038; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-cot-loi-ky-thuat-vi-cau-truc-quyet-dinh-tu-tinh\">C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-vi-sao-cung-la-austenit-ma-van-hut-nhe\">V\u00ec sao c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 austenit m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u201ch\u00fat nh\u1eb9\u201d?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-tu-tinh-khong-dong-nghia-voi-chat-luong-chong-gi\">T\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-phan-biet-mac-inox-tai-xuong-quy-trinh-thuc-te\">Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e1c inox t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng: quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ung-dung-khi-nao-can-hut-khi-nao-can-phi-tu\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n h\u00fat, khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n phi t\u1eeb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-cac-cau-hoi-thuong-gap-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-checklist-nhanh-khi-nhan-hang\">Checklist nhanh khi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cv\u00ec sao c\u00f3 inox h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m, c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: inox h\u00fat hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (austenit, ferrit, mactenxit, duplex), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim (Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, N) v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gia c\u00f4ng (d\u1eadp, u\u1ed1n, h\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n) \u2013 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201ch\u00e0ng th\u1eadt\u201d hay \u201ch\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3\u201d. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c, c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-cot-loi-ky-thuat-vi-cau-truc-quyet-dinh-tu-tinh\">C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Austenit (FCC) \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 201 (SUS201), 304 (SUS304\/1.4301), 316\/316L (SUS316\/1.4401).<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t (FCC) \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1edd Ni, Mn, N \u2192 t\u00ednh thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 dung gi\u1ea3i (solution annealed).<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng: austenit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n sang mactenxit do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i\/d\u1eadp\/\u00e9o k\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t khi h\u00e0n \u2192 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u201ch\u00fat nh\u1eb9\u201d c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ferrit (BCC) \u2013 h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 430 (SUS430\/1.4016), 409, 439.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: m\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i (BCC) l\u00e0 s\u1eaft t\u1eeb (ferromagnetic) \u2192 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u01b0a gia c\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh: ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 trong nh\u00e0, trang tr\u00ed, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng), gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Mactenxit (BCT) \u2013 h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 410, 420, 431.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: m\u1ea1ng tetragonal th\u1ec3 t\u00edch (BCT) \u2192 s\u1eaft t\u1eeb; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u2013 ram \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: dao k\u00e9o, tr\u1ee5c, chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n; ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n austenit\/ferrit gi\u00e0u Cr.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Duplex (pha k\u00e9p) \u2013 h\u00fat v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00f5<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 2205, 2507.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ~50% austenit + ~50% ferrit \u2192 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh trung gian, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00fat.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 \u2013 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n cao (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride), d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304: Cr ~18\u201320%, Ni ~8\u201310.5% \u2192 austenit, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat khi \u1ee7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i\/h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L: Cr ~16\u201318%, Ni ~10\u201314%, Mo ~2\u20133% \u2192 austenit, phi t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t khi \u1ee7; Mo t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u00e0 chloride.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201: Cr ~16\u201318%, Ni ~3.5\u20135.5%, Mn cao (5\u20137.5%) + N \u2192 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 austenit nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n 304 \u2192 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 sau k\u00e9o \u1ed1ng\/d\u1eadp.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430: Cr ~16\u201318%, Ni \u2248 0 \u2192 ferrit, h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-vi-sao-cung-la-austenit-ma-van-hut-nhe\">V\u00ec sao c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 austenit m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u201ch\u00fat nh\u1eb9\u201d?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i: c\u00e1n, d\u1eadp, u\u1ed1n, k\u00e9o d\u00e2y\/\u1ed1ng\u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o mactenxit bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong th\u00e9p austenit, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00e1c \u00edt Ni (201) \u2192 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00fat nh\u1eb9, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung \u1edf m\u00e9p u\u1ed1n, g\u00f3c g\u1ea5p, v\u00f9ng c\u00e1n m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n 304\/316 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cdelta ferrit\u201d (FN \u2248 3\u201310) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng \u2192 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n s\u1ebd h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m. V\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t (HAZ) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn pha.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, austenit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam mactenxit \u2192 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: gi\u1ea3m Ni, t\u0103ng Mn\/N l\u00e0m austenit k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n \u2192 201 d\u1ec5 \u201cnhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb\u201d sau gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1eabn m\u00e1c\/t\u1ea1p: nh\u1ea7m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng g\u00e2y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-tu-tinh-khong-dong-nghia-voi-chat-luong-chong-gi\">T\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o Cr (t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3), th\u00eam Mo, N, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00e9p h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: 430 h\u00fat nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n cho \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, 304 d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride (ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1i) n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cH\u00fat = gi\u1ea3\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat = 304 chu\u1ea9n\u201d l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-phan-biet-mac-inox-tai-xuong-quy-trinh-thuc-te\">Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e1c inox t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng: quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>Nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nhanh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc s\u01a1 b\u1ed9:<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3: ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m ferrit\/mactenxit (430\/410) kh\u1ecfi nh\u00f3m austenit (304\/316\/201).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201 v\u1edbi 304, hay 304 v\u1edbi 316.<\/p>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh 3\u20134 b\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ee3i \u00fd:<br \/>\n1) Quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00e2n c\u00e1n (No.4, HL), \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng (BA), m\u00e9p c\u1eaft; d\u1ea5u \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng quanh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ecfi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gia c\u00f4ng: k\u00e9o \u1ed1ng, u\u1ed1n g\u1eaft, h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u2192 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>2) Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng (m\u00e9p u\u1ed1n, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n). H\u00fat ch\u1ec9 \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 austenit b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ferrit.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c h\u00fat: \u201cd\u00ednh nh\u1eb9\u201d kh\u00e1c \u201ch\u00fat m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eadt tay\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>3) Th\u1eed nhanh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc khi c\u1ea7n<br \/>\n&#8211; Test Ni (DMG) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft 201 (Ni th\u1ea5p) so v\u1edbi 304 (Ni cao h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Test Mo (MolyDrop) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 316 c\u00f3 Mo so v\u1edbi 304 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng th\u1eed axit \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n; d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>4) Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng m\u00e1y PMI\/XRF ho\u1eb7c Ferritescope \u0111o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ferrit (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n austenit). Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 Mill Test Certificate (MTC) tr\u00f9ng heat\/batch.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; AISI\/ASTM 304 \u2248 JIS SUS304 \u2248 EN 1.4301.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316 \u2248 SUS316 \u2248 1.4401; 316L \u2248 1.4404.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 \u2248 SUS430 \u2248 1.4016.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: 201 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e3 EN tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 304\/316\/430; th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ung-dung-khi-nao-can-hut-khi-nao-can-phi-tu\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n h\u00fat, khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n phi t\u1eeb<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ebfp t\u1eeb, \u0111\u00e1y n\u1ed3i\/ch\u1ea3o: c\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. 430 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u00e1y n\u1ed3i nh\u1edd h\u00fat t\u1ed1t, gi\u00e1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng MRI, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o: c\u1ea7n phi t\u1eeb (\u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m t\u1eeb \u03bcr th\u1ea5p). D\u00f9ng 316L\/304L \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7 dung gi\u1ea3i; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eed t\u1eeb sau gia c\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u0103ng t\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb, nam ch\u00e2m l\u1ecdc t\u1ea1p: d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ferrit\/mactenxit \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304\/316 theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-cac-cau-hoi-thuong-gap-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i m\u00e9p u\u1ed1n, v\u00f9ng c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cgi\u1ea3 304\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ec sao \u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00fat h\u01a1n 304?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Do Ni th\u1ea5p, austenit 201 k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o \u1ed1ng sinh nhi\u1ec1u mactenxit bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u2192 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u201ctr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i\u201d t\u00ednh phi t\u1eeb cho 304\/316 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9?<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3. \u1ee6 dung gi\u1ea3i 1050\u20131100\u00b0C r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh (quenching) gi\u00fap ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean austenit v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox c\u00f3 \u201cnhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb\u201d theo th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng\/h\u00e0n\/va \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a austenit \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecb t\u1eeb h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eed t\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y kh\u1eed t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-checklist-nhanh-khi-nhan-hang\">Checklist nhanh khi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e1c theo PO\/ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC; \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu heat number.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ck\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e1c\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u2013 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi nghi ng\u1edd gi\u1eefa 201\u2013304 ho\u1eb7c 304\u2013316: d\u00f9ng test Ni\/Mo ho\u1eb7c PMI.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c: trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4 (430\/201), ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (304), ven bi\u1ec3n\/chloride (316\/duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (No.4\/HL\/2B\/BA) v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a inox ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: ferrit\/mactenxit h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; austenit th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i\/h\u00e0n; duplex h\u00fat \u1edf m\u1ee9c trung gian.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d hay \u201c\u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c\u201d tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 201\u2013304\u2013316 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gia c\u00f4ng, th\u1eed nhanh Ni\/Mo ho\u1eb7c PMI, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n chuy\u1ec7n h\u00fat hay kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat. Nh\u1edd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\/s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh inox do vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: ferritic\/martensitic h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh, austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 sau d\u1eadp u\u1ed1n\/h\u00e0n. Nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1029,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1100"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1100\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}