{"id":1104,"date":"2025-09-25T12:34:26","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T05:34:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/top-5-lam-tuong-ve-inox-ri-set-nam-cham-201-vs-304\/"},"modified":"2025-09-25T12:34:26","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T05:34:26","slug":"top-5-lam-tuong-ve-inox-ri-set-nam-cham-201-vs-304","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/top-5-lam-tuong-ve-inox-ri-set-nam-cham-201-vs-304\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 5 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 inox: r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t, nam ch\u00e2m, 201 vs 304"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-lam-tuong-1-inox-khong-bao-gio-ri\">L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng 1: \u201cInox kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1ec9\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-lam-tuong-2-inox-bi-hut-nam-cham-la-hang-giakem\">L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng 2: \u201cInox b\u1ecb h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3\/k\u00e9m\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-lam-tuong-3-inox-201-va-304-giong-nhau-chi-khac-gi\">L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng 3: \u201cInox 201 v\u00e0 304 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c gi\u00e1\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-lam-tuong-4-be-mat-cang-bong-cang-ben-danh-bong-la\">L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng 4: \u201cB\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e0ng b\u00f3ng c\u00e0ng b\u1ec1n \u2013 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-lam-tuong-5-han-inox-khong-anh-huong-den-chong-an-\">L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng 5: \u201cH\u00e0n inox kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-huong-dan-chon-inox-nhanh-theo-moi-truong-tai-viet\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn inox nhanh theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-bao-tri-dung-de-giu-inox-luon-la-inox\">B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cgi\u1eef inox lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 inox\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-checklist-kiem-tra-truoc-khi-mua-va-thi-cong\">Checklist ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mua v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn sai m\u00e1c inox, sai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c sai quy tr\u00ecnh, k\u00e9o theo h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c, r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i chi ph\u00ed. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch 5 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi hay g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-lam-tuong-1-inox-khong-bao-gio-ri\">L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng 1: \u201cInox kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1ec9\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Inox c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1edd l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u201c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0\u201d trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh: clorua cao (n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i), k\u1ebd h\u1edf \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft b\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nhi\u1ec7t cao ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb: Cl\u2212 th\u01b0\u1eddng <50 ppm \u2192 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7.\n  - N\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i, t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda Javel: 200\u2013500 ppm Cl\u2212 \u2192 316L khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb, v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n r\u1eeda\/r\u1eeda tr\u00e1ng k\u1ef9.\n  - Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ven bi\u1ec3n (\u22645 km): mu\u1ed1i m\u1ecbn t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u2192 316L + v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3; 304 d\u1ec5 \u1ed1 v\u00e0 pitting.\n  - N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp: ~19.000 ppm Cl\u2212 \u2192 316L v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 pitting\/crevice; c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebd h\u1edf, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng, v\u1ec7 sinh, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc duplex.\n\n- Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd (PREN \u2013 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 pitting, mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o):\n  - 201: ~15\u201317\n  - 304\/304L: ~18\u201319\n  - 316\/316L: ~23\u201324\n  PREN cao h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua.\n\n- V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:\n  - Lan can 304 No.4 \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed3 S\u01a1n: sau 6\u201312 th\u00e1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1ed1 n\u00e2u v\u00e0 r\u1ed7 \u0111i\u1ec3m do mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecdc v\u1ebft ch\u1ea3i.\n  - B\u1ec3 r\u1eeda thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng 304 d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y s\u00e0n g\u1ed1c clorua: quanh m\u00e9p g\u1ea5p b\u1ecb r\u1ed7 k\u1ebd do dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecdng.\n\n\n\n<h3>C\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: 304 cho trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4; 316L cho ven bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nh\u1eb9 clorua; m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc duplex\/904L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00edn n\u01b0\u1edbc; t\u1ea1o d\u1ed1c tho\u00e1t; b\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng; tr\u00e1nh \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: \u01b0u ti\u00ean BA\/mirror \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec5m mu\u1ed1i; No.4 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i\/b\u1ee5i d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau gia c\u00f4ng\/pickle m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n t\u1eeb th\u00e9p carbon (d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang ch\u1ed5i\/b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ven bi\u1ec3n); tr\u00e1nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a clorua.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-lam-tuong-2-inox-bi-hut-nam-cham-la-hang-giakem\">L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng 2: \u201cInox b\u1ecb h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3\/k\u00e9m\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: T\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay \u201c\u0111\u00fang inox\u201d. C\u00f3 3 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u:<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: Ferritic (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 430) v\u00e0 martensitic (410) l\u00e0 inox th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Austenitic (304\/316) v\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng\u2026<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i: Ch\u1ea5n, c\u00e1n, d\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o martensite bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong 304\/316 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 nam ch\u00e2m \u1edf m\u00e9p, g\u00f3c, v\u00f9ng u\u1ed1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: Nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n filler c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u00f9ng HAZ c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Nam ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o s\u01a1 b\u1ed9. 430 h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 inox d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u00e0; 304 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i m\u00e9p g\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cgi\u1ea3\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c inox t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m tra:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 (kh\u00f4ng\/nh\u1eb9\/m\u1ea1nh) v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u MTC\/CO, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u d\u1eadp tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A240\/A312).<br \/>\n  &#8211; XRF c\u1ea7m tay: \u0111o nhanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (Ni c\u1ee7a 304 ~8\u201310.5%, 316 c\u00f3 Mo ~2\u20132.5%).<br \/>\n  &#8211; So kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang theo quy c\u00e1ch: 304\/316 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n 201 \u1edf c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc (ch\u00eanh 1\u20133% kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn).<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh: c\u00e1c \u201cm\u1eb9o\u201d d\u00f9ng axit m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-lam-tuong-3-inox-201-va-304-giong-nhau-chi-khac-gi\">L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng 3: \u201cInox 201 v\u00e0 304 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c gi\u00e1\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: 201 v\u00e0 304 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: Cr ~16\u201317%, Ni ~1\u20134%, Mn cao (~5\u20137%) \u2192 gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: Cr ~18\u201320%, Ni ~8\u201310.5% \u2192 kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng x\u1eed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4; d\u1ec5 \u1ed1\/r\u1ec9 nh\u1eb9 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/nhi\u1ec5m mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ebfp, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, y t\u1ebf nh\u1eb9; v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh gia c\u00f4ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n khi d\u1eadp, d\u1ec5 \u201cspring back\u201d; 304 d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; An to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/316 l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb F&B; 201 \u00edt d\u00f9ng cho ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t do kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn 201, khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn 304?<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 201 n\u1ebfu: n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t trong nh\u00e0, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n trang tr\u00ed kh\u00f4, chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t\/chloride.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 304 n\u1ebfu: ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng 201 cho: ven bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda clorua, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, m\u01b0a axit.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-lam-tuong-4-be-mat-cang-bong-cang-ben-danh-bong-la\">L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng 4: \u201cB\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e0ng b\u00f3ng c\u00e0ng b\u1ec1n \u2013 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi sinh v\u00e0 b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn (BA, mirror, Ra th\u1ea5p) gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1m mu\u1ed1i\/b\u1ee5i \u2192 gi\u1ea3m \u1ed1 tr\u00e0, d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; No.4\/HL c\u00f3 v\u1ebft ch\u1ea3i \u2192 gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00e2ng PREN; 201 mirror v\u1eabn k\u00e9m kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 h\u01a1n 304 No.4 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n clorua nh\u1eb9? Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i: 304 No.4 v\u1eabn tr\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 201 mirror khi g\u1eb7p clorua v\u00ec h\u1ee3p kim quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ec1n kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t sinh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng pad nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1eeb th\u00e9p carbon \u2192 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cHeat tint\u201d sau \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch \u2192 v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y r\u1ed7 nhanh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4: 201\/304 No.4\/HL t\u00f9y th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4: 304 BA\/No.4 + th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a; r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i: 316L BA\/mirror; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf No.4; l\u1ecbch r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c: 304\/316L v\u1edbi Ra ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-lam-tuong-5-han-inox-khong-anh-huong-den-chong-an-\">L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng 5: \u201cH\u00e0n inox kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu n\u1ebfu quy tr\u00ecnh sai.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Heat tint (m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, xanh, \u0111en) do oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf 200\u2013400\u00b0C \u2192 v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m, d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a (sensitization) \u1edf 500\u2013800\u00b0C l\u00e0m k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cr-carbide \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t, gi\u1ea3m Cr t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi 304 kh\u00f4ng \u201cL\u201d.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n t\u1eeb th\u00e9p carbon: tia l\u1eeda, x\u1ec9 b\u1eafn b\u00e1m \u2192 r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u lan.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u201cback purge\u201d m\u1eb7t trong \u1ed1ng\/tank \u2192 oxy h\u00f3a n\u1eb7ng m\u1eb7t trong.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb quy tr\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: d\u00f9ng 304L\/316L cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u00e0y; que\/d\u00e2y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (308L cho 304, 316L cho 316); \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u201cL\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed: TIG\/MIG v\u1edbi Ar, back purge khi h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng\/b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7t trong s\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (heat input), gi\u1eef interpass th\u1ea5p; tr\u00e1nh nung l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (pickling paste\/gel) r\u1ed3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a; r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t; kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i, \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang cho inox; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi th\u00e9p \u0111en.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u201cr\u1ee7i ro cao\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00e0nh m\u00e0u loang ch\u01b0a x\u1eed l\u00fd, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e1m, c\u00f3 x\u1ec9 b\u1eafn; m\u1eb7t trong \u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u0111en t\u00edm; v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y\/\u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-huong-dan-chon-inox-nhanh-theo-moi-truong-tai-viet\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn inox nhanh theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4 (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t): 201\/304; No.4\/HL t\u00f9y th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4 (kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, m\u01b0a axit nh\u1eb9): 304; \u01b0u ti\u00ean BA\/No.4; b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec r\u1eeda 1\u20132 th\u00e1ng\/l\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n \u22645 km (\u0110\u1ed3 S\u01a1n, H\u1ea1 Long, Nghi S\u01a1n, S\u1ea7m S\u01a1n): 316L; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn; r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec3 b\u01a1i\/SPA, khu t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda Javel: 316L; tr\u00e1nh khe h\u1edf; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecdng; x\u1ea3 tr\u00e1ng sau v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9: 316L tr\u1edf l\u00ean; tham kh\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n duplex\/904L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ebfp\/\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: 304\/316L t\u00f9y ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac mu\u1ed1i\/axit; qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda trung t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-bao-tri-dung-de-giu-inox-luon-la-inox\">B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cgi\u1eef inox lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 inox\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1ecbch v\u1ec7 sinh: lau r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y trung t\u00ednh pH 6\u20138; tr\u00e1ng k\u1ef9; lau kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh: ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9a clorua (NaClO\/Javel, HCl), b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n th\u00e9p, b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i th\u00e9p carbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau m\u01b0a bi\u1ec3n\/gi\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i: r\u1eeda x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ed1 nh\u1eb9: d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch d\u00e0nh cho inox; n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng pastes chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, test \u1edf v\u00f9ng khu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-checklist-kiem-tra-truoc-khi-mua-va-thi-cong\">Checklist ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mua v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MTC, ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ni\/Mo v\u1edbi XRF n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: ch\u1ed1t m\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n (2B\/BA\/No.4\/mirror) v\u00e0 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 dung sai: \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (avoid \u201cnon-full thickness\u201d), ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/EN t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n: WPS\/PQR, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t trong.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec7 sinh, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t cho ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ec9 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn sai m\u00e1c, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cc\u00e2y g\u1eady th\u1ea7n\u201d ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox th\u1eadt \u2013 h\u00e3y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201 v\u00e0 304 kh\u00e1c nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng; ch\u1ecdn theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 theo gi\u00e1.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u00fang.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u2013 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00e1nh sai l\u1ea7m t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\/c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh inox v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1c\/ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh b\u1eb1ng XRF, tham chi\u1ebfu MTC v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 5 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 inox: inox c\u00f3 r\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng, th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang sai, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t 201-304-316, vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1104"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1104\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}