{"id":1106,"date":"2025-09-26T00:34:23","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T17:34:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/giai-ma-sus-aisi-astm-jis-tren-inox-y-nghia-quy-doi-va-cach-dung\/"},"modified":"2025-09-26T00:34:23","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T17:34:23","slug":"giai-ma-sus-aisi-astm-jis-tren-inox-y-nghia-quy-doi-va-cach-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/giai-ma-sus-aisi-astm-jis-tren-inox-y-nghia-quy-doi-va-cach-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 SUS, AISI, ASTM, JIS tr\u00ean inox: \u00fd ngh\u0129a, quy \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tu-duy-dung-mac-thep-khac-tieu-chuan-san-pham\">T\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00fang: m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c \u201cti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-sus-la-gi-ky-hieu-trong-jis\">SUS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong JIS)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-aisi-la-gi-he-dat-ten-mac-cua-my\">AISI l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u00e1c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-astm-la-gi-tieu-chuan-san-pham-cua-my\">ASTM l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-jis-khac-gi-astm-trong-thuc-te-mua-hang\">JIS kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ASTM trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf mua h\u00e0ng?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-quy-doi-nhanh-cac-mac-inox-thong-dung\">Quy \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-hieu-cac-hau-to-va-series-tren-inox\">Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u1eadu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 series tr\u00ean inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-be-mat-ky-hieu-hay-gap-va-tuong-duong\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2013 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u hay g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-cach-doc-nhanmarking-va-mtc-tren-inox\">C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u00e3n\/marking v\u00e0 MTC tr\u00ean inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-rui-ro-thuong-gap-o-thi-truong-viet-nam-va-cach-ki\">R\u1ee7i ro th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-khi-nao-dung-astm-khi-nao-dung-jis-vi-du-dat-hang\">Khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng ASTM, khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng JIS, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-nhung-cau-hoi-nhanh-hay-gap\">Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nhanh hay g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-tom-tat-thanh-phan-dien-hinh-dinh-huong-khong-thay\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (\u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng thay chu\u1ea9n)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-checklist-dat-hang-inox-du-chuan\">Checklist \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng inox \u201c\u0111\u1ee7 chu\u1ea9n\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-14-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>B\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u SUS304, AISI 304, ASTM A240 hay JIS G4305 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n\/\u1ed1ng inox nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean inox, c\u00e1ch quy \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 MTC, c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00fang cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn g\u00e2y r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tu-duy-dung-mac-thep-khac-tieu-chuan-san-pham\">T\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00fang: m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c \u201cti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e1c th\u00e9p (grade) l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ean\u201d th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 304, 316, 201, 430. AISI v\u00e0 JIS (SUS) l\u00e0 hai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. UNS l\u00e0 m\u00e3 ch\u1eef\u2013s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (product standards) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\/ki\u1ec3m tra\/bao g\u00f3i, dung sai, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\u2026 V\u00ed d\u1ee5: ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m, l\u00e1), ASTM A312 (\u1ed1ng), JIS G4305 (t\u1ea5m c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i), JIS G3459 (\u1ed1ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ec v\u1eady: \u201cAISI 304\u201d n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u00e1c. \u201cASTM A240 304\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m inox m\u00e1c 304 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A240.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-sus-la-gi-ky-hieu-trong-jis\">SUS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong JIS)<\/h2>\n<p>SUS l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) d\u00e0nh cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: SUS304, SUS316L, SUS430.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00dd ngh\u0129a: SUS = Steel Use Stainless (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u JIS cho stainless steel).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: H\u1ec7 JIS quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3 m\u00e1c (SUSxxx) l\u1eabn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; JIS G4304: T\u1ea5m, d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; JIS G4305: T\u1ea5m, d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; JIS G4303: Th\u00e9p thanh kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; JIS G3459: \u1ed0ng inox cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; JIS G3463: \u1ed0ng n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i\/trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng inox.<br \/>\n  &#8211; JIS G3447: \u1ed0ng inox v\u1ec7 sinh (sanitary).<br \/>\n  &#8211; JIS G3448: \u1ed0ng inox m\u1ecfng cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chung (light gauge).<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u1ecdi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang theo JIS: \u201cJIS G4305 SUS304, 2B, t=1.5 mm, W=1219 mm, L=2438 mm, BAO\/EP t\u00f9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, MTC 3.1.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-aisi-la-gi-he-dat-ten-mac-cua-my\">AISI l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u00e1c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9)<\/h2>\n<p>AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u00e1c inox ki\u1ec3u 200\/300\/400 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 304, 316, 430).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; AISI kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u201cAISI 304 t\u1ea5m\u201d r\u1ed3i coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990, AISI ng\u1eebng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1c; ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n sang UNS (Unified Numbering System). Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 AISI v\u1eabn c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi UNS (v\u00ed d\u1ee5):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 = UNS S30400<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304L = UNS S30403<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316 = UNS S31600<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316L = UNS S31603<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 = UNS S20100<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430 = UNS S43000<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng theo chu\u1ea9n M\u1ef9, h\u00e3y n\u00eau: m\u00e1c AISI\/UNS + ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (A240, A312, A276\u2026).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-astm-la-gi-tieu-chuan-san-pham-cua-my\">ASTM l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9)<\/h2>\n<p>ASTM International ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho inox. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201ckhung k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u201d c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho inox:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A240\/A240M: T\u1ea5m, l\u00e1, d\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng chung v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A480\/A480M: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung cho th\u00e9p d\u1eb9t kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (dung sai, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\u2026).<br \/>\n  &#8211; A276: Thanh, bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng; A484: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung cho thanh\/d\u00e2y\/bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312\/A312M: \u1ed0ng austenitic h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac li\u1ec1n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng (TP304\/316\u2026).<br \/>\n  &#8211; A358: \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n EF cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A213\/A269: \u1ed0ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng inox austenitic d\u00f9ng chung.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: \u1ed0ng v\u1ec7 sinh (sanitary).<br \/>\n  &#8211; A554: \u1ed0ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed h\u00e0n (trang tr\u00ed\/k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p, \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n trang tr\u00ed).<br \/>\n  &#8211; A182: M\u1eb7t b\u00edch v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft r\u00e8n; A403: ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n (elbow, tee\u2026).<br \/>\n  &#8211; A262: Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh (IGC) cho austenitic.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A666: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eb9t austenitic \u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chu\u1ea9n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ea5m):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cASTM A240\/A240M, Grade 304L, 2B, 3.0 x 1219 x 2438 mm, dung sai theo ASTM A480, pickled &#038; annealed, MTC EN 10204 3.1.\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ed1ng):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cASTM A312 TP316L, 219.1 x 3.91 mm, SCH 10S, pickled &#038; annealed, NDE theo ASTM A312, MTC 3.1.\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u201cTP\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc 304\/316 trong ASTM A312 ch\u1ec9 \u201cTube\/Pipe grade\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-jis-khac-gi-astm-trong-thuc-te-mua-hang\">JIS kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ASTM trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf mua h\u00e0ng?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u01b0 duy: JIS v\u00e0 ASTM l\u00e0 hai \u201cng\u00f4n ng\u1eef\u201d m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, dung sai, c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn JIS khi:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u1ef1 \u00e1n theo chu\u1ea9n Nh\u1eadt\/thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Nh\u1eadt; s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Nh\u1eadt\u2013H\u00e0n\u2013\u0110\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng SUS.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t BA\/HL theo th\u00f3i quen JIS.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn ASTM khi:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u1ef1 \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng ASTM\/ASME; c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, NDE\u2026 theo th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 M\u1ef9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c: A312\/A403\/A182 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam: H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ASTM\/JIS\/EN\u201d. H\u00e3y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t dung sai\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-quy-doi-nhanh-cac-mac-inox-thong-dung\">Quy \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>(Quy \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng; lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\/gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u01a1 t\u00ednh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng)<br \/>\n&#8211; 201: AISI 201 = UNS S20100 = g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng JIS SUS201.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: AISI 304 = UNS S30400 = JIS SUS304 = EN 1.4301.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L: AISI 304L = UNS S30403 = JIS SUS304L = EN 1.4307.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316: AISI 316 = UNS S31600 = JIS SUS316 = EN 1.4401.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L: AISI 316L = UNS S31603 = JIS SUS316L = EN 1.4404.<br \/>\n&#8211; 321: AISI 321 = UNS S32100 = JIS SUS321 = EN 1.4541 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti).<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (ferritic): AISI 430 = UNS S43000 = JIS SUS430 = EN 1.4016.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410 (martensitic): AISI 410 = UNS S41000 = JIS SUS410 = EN 1.4006.<br \/>\n&#8211; 420: AISI 420 = UNS S42000 \u2248 JIS SUS420J1\/J2 (t\u00f9y C).<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L: UNS N08904 = JIS SUS890L = EN 1.4539.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: UNS S31803\/S32205 = JIS SUS329J3L \u2248 EN 1.4462.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-hieu-cac-hau-to-va-series-tren-inox\">Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u1eadu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 series tr\u00ean inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Series:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 200\/300: Austenitic (kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 sau gia c\u00f4ng). 201 Ni th\u1ea5p, Mn cao; 304\/316 Ni cao, b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 400: Ferritic\/martensitic (th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb). 430 (ferritic), 410\/420 (martensitic).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex: Pha k\u00e9p (austenitic + ferritic), c\u01a1 t\u00ednh cao, ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 khe t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1eadu t\u1ed1:<br \/>\n  &#8211; L: Low carbon (\u22640.03%), t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H: High carbon, cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 304H).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ti\/ Nb\/ Mo\/ N: Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh (316 c\u00f3 Mo; 321 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti; 347 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Nb; \u201cN\u201d t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cF\u201d trong A182 F304\/F316: m\u00e1c r\u00e8n cho m\u1eb7t b\u00edch\/chi ti\u1ebft r\u00e8n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-be-mat-ky-hieu-hay-gap-va-tuong-duong\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2013 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u hay g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; No.1: C\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, \u1ee7, t\u1ea9y axit (HRAP). B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4, d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u\/thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2B: C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, \u1ee7, t\u1ea9y, c\u00e1n da. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho t\u1ea5m trang tr\u00ed\/c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n&#8211; BA: Bright Annealed, \u1ee7 b\u00f3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edd.<br \/>\n&#8211; No.4\/HL: Ch\u1ea3i x\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecbn (No.4) ho\u1eb7c \u201chairline\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Mirror 8K: \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng cao.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: ASTM A480 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung; JIS d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. N\u00eau r\u00f5 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-cach-doc-nhanmarking-va-mtc-tren-inox\">C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u00e3n\/marking v\u00e0 MTC tr\u00ean inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u00ean nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, Heat No.\/Lot No., m\u00e1c (SUS304\/304L\/316L\u2026), ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASTM A240, JIS G4305), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (2B\/BA\/No.1), k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00e0y c\u00e1n, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cASTM A312 TP304L 2&#8243; SCH10S P&#038;A Heat No. XXXXX\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cJIS G3459 SUS304 60.5 x 1.5 mm\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; MTC (Mill Test Certificate) theo EN 10204:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: 3.1 (do QC nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn). Ki\u1ec3m tra: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, heat number.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nhanh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e1c tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong MTC (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00e1c 304\/304L v\u00e0 ASTM A240\/A312 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng).<br \/>\n  &#8211; S\u1ed1 heat tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi heat tr\u00ean MTC.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-rui-ro-thuong-gap-o-thi-truong-viet-nam-va-cach-ki\">R\u1ee7i ro th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n \u201cSUS304\u201d cho h\u00e0ng 201\/304J1 (Ni th\u1ea5p): c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 2B\/BA.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng magnet \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201\/304\/316: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (austenitic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i; ferritic 430 lu\u00f4n h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m).<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u1ecdi \u201cAISI 304\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u1ec7m thu (dung sai, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; PMI (XRF) t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc Cr\u2013Ni\u2013Mo\u2013Mn\u2013Cu\u2013N; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n Mo c\u1ee7a 316\/316L.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra MTC 3.1; \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu heat; ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Ni (ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 th\u1eadt v\u1edbi 304 Ni th\u1ea5p).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n nhanh (spot test Mo cho 316). Tr\u00e1nh l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng axit m\u1ea1nh g\u00e2y h\u01b0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; So gi\u00e1: 316L lu\u00f4n cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi 304L; 304 cao h\u01a1n 201 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y\/ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c: Mills l\u1edbn (POSCO, TISCO, Jindal, Acerinox, YUSCO\u2026) c\u00f3 truy xu\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. \u01afu ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, MTC \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-khi-nao-dung-astm-khi-nao-dung-jis-vi-du-dat-hang\">Khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng ASTM, khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng JIS, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ecdn ASTM. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cASTM A312 TP316L, 114.3 x 3.05 mm, SCH10S, P&#038;A, NDE theo ASTM A312, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u theo A999, MTC 3.1.\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u\/thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea5m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cASTM A240 304L, 2B, 1.5 x 1219 x 2438 mm, dung sai A480, MTC 3.1\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cJIS G4305 SUS304, 2B, c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng trang tr\u00ed\/c\u01a1 kh\u00ed:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cASTM A554 Grade 304, OD 38.1 x 1.2 mm, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 600 grit\/HL, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ki\u1ec3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc A555\/A554.\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cASTM A270 TP304L, OD 50.8 x 1.65 mm, ID polish 180 grit, SF1 ho\u1eb7c SF4 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, end capped, MTC 3.1.\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb theo chu\u1ea9n Nh\u1eadt:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cJIS G3459 SUS316L, \u1ed1ng DN50, t=2 mm, pickled &#038; annealed, ki\u1ec3m th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c theo JIS.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-nhung-cau-hoi-nhanh-hay-gap\">Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nhanh hay g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; SUS c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 304? Kh\u00f4ng. SUS l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 JIS; SUS304 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c 304 theo JIS.<br \/>\n&#8211; AISI c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m? Kh\u00f4ng. AISI ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u00e1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng ASTM\/JIS\/EN \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L kh\u00e1c 304 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? 304L c\u00f3 C \u22640.03%, h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u00edt nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh; c\u01a1 t\u00ednh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316 c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u01a1n 304? C\u00f3 Mo (~2%), ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 pitting\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN\/DIN v\u00e0 UNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? EN d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 1.xxxx (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 1.4301 = 304); UNS d\u00f9ng m\u00e3 S\/N (S30400). D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ed5i xuy\u00ean h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-tom-tat-thanh-phan-dien-hinh-dinh-huong-khong-thay\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (\u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng thay chu\u1ea9n)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 201: Cr ~16\u201318%, Ni ~3.5\u20135.5%, Mn cao; trang tr\u00ed\/kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304\/304L: Cr ~18\u201320%, Ni ~8\u201310.5%; \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, F&#038;B, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L: Th\u00eam Mo ~2\u20133%; m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430: Cr ~16\u201318%, kh\u00f4ng Ni; ferritic, h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eeba; gia d\u1ee5ng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong nh\u00e0.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420: Martensitic, c\u00f3 C cao; t\u00f4i\u2013ram \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng; dao c\u1ee5, tr\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-checklist-dat-hang-inox-du-chuan\">Checklist \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng inox \u201c\u0111\u1ee7 chu\u1ea9n\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 304L + ASTM A240 (ho\u1eb7c SUS304L + JIS G4305).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u00eau b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: 2B\/BA\/No.1, pickled &#038; annealed\/cold worked.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc + dung sai: vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn ASTM A480 (t\u1ea5m) ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng cho \u1ed1ng\/thanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9: MTC EN 10204 3.1; NDE n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n; th\u1eed IGC (A262) cho h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c quan tr\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u: grade, standard, heat, size, origin.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i\/ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9: gi\u1ea5y VCI, m\u00e0ng PVC b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-14-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; SUS l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u00e1c trong JIS; AISI l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u00e1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9; ASTM l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chi ti\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf nhau.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t mua\/ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang, lu\u00f4n ghi r\u00f5: m\u00e1c (AISI\/JIS\/UNS) + ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (ASTM\/JIS\/EN) + b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t + k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc + dung sai + ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng quy \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e1c (304 \u2194 SUS304 \u2194 UNS S30400 \u2194 EN 1.4301) \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111a h\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng nghi\u1ec7m thu ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro b\u1eb1ng PMI, MTC 3.1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu heat; \u0111\u1eebng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nam ch\u00e2m hay c\u1ea3m quan b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\nN\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u201cm\u00e1c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang inox cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 SUS, AISI, ASTM, JIS tr\u00ean inox: kh\u00e1c nhau g\u00ec, quy \u0111\u1ed5i 304\/316\/201\/430 ra sao, \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u00e3n \u2013 MTC th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1028,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1106"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1106\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1028"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}