{"id":1110,"date":"2025-09-27T00:34:24","date_gmt":"2025-09-26T17:34:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/hanh-trinh-tam-inox-tu-quang-sat-tho-den-thanh-pham-sang-bong\/"},"modified":"2025-09-27T00:34:24","modified_gmt":"2025-09-26T17:34:24","slug":"hanh-trinh-tam-inox-tu-quang-sat-tho-den-thanh-pham-sang-bong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/hanh-trinh-tam-inox-tu-quang-sat-tho-den-thanh-pham-sang-bong\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea5m inox: t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-chuoi-gia-tri-tu-mo-den-tam-inox\">T\u1ed5ng quan chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb: t\u1eeb m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-nguyen-lieu-va-can-bang-luyen-kim\">Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng luy\u1ec7n kim<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-nau-luyen-eaf-aodvod-duc-lien-tuc\">N\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n: EAF \u2192 AOD\/VOD \u2192 \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-can-nong-u-tay-va-dai-can-nong\">C\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, \u1ee7 \u2013 t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-can-nguoi-u-mem-va-hoan-thien-be-mat\">C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-tieu-chuan-co-tinh-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-tu-goc-nhin-vi-cau-truc-vi-sao-inox-khong-gi\">T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: v\u00ec sao inox \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-hoan-thien-be-mat-va-ung-dung-thuc-te\">Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-logistics-dong-goi-va-bao-quan-tai-viet-nam\">Logistics, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-yeu-to-chi-phi-va-ben-vung\">Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-checklist-chon-mua-tam-inox-cho-xuongnha-thau-o-ha\">Checklist ch\u1ecdn mua t\u1ea5m inox cho x\u01b0\u1edfng\/nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-cac-cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ky-thuat\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-lo-trinh-tom-tat-theo-buoc-tu-quang-den-tam\">L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft theo b\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong h\u1ec7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u201ch\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m inox t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i theo d\u1ea5u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u2014 t\u1eeb khai kho\u00e1ng, n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n, c\u00e1n, \u1ee7 \u2013 t\u1ea9y, \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2014 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c tranh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-chuoi-gia-tri-tu-mo-den-tam-inox\">T\u1ed5ng quan chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb: t\u1eeb m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Khai kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n ferroh\u1ee3p kim: qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft (hematit\/magnetit) \u2192 gang\/th\u00e9p n\u1ec1n; qu\u1eb7ng cromit \u2192 ferrochrome (FeCr); qu\u1eb7ng nickel sulfide\/laterit \u2192 nickel ho\u1eb7c ferronickel; molypdenit \u2192 Mo; c\u00f9ng th\u00e9p ph\u1ebf (scrap).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang (EAF) n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y (scrap + FeCr + Ni), tinh luy\u1ec7n AOD\/VOD \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 carbon, kh\u1eed t\u1ea1p S, P, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh N; \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ra slab.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1n n\u00f3ng (HR) \u2192 \u1ee7 \u2013 t\u1ea9y (HRAP) \u2192 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i (CR) nhi\u1ec1u pass \u2192 \u1ee7 \u2013 t\u1ea9y\/\u1ee7 s\u00e1ng \u2192 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (2B, BA, No.4, HL, 8K) \u2192 c\u1eaft x\u1ebb \u2192 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASTM A240\/A480, EN 10088, JIS G4304\/G4305): th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, dung sai, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-nguyen-lieu-va-can-bang-luyen-kim\">Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng luy\u1ec7n kim<\/h2>\n<h3>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; S\u1eaft (Fe): n\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u1ebf th\u00e9p v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c gang\/th\u00e9p c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Crom (Cr): t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u226510.5%Cr; m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn 304 ~18%Cr, 316 ~16\u201318%Cr, 430 ~16\u201318%Cr.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel (Ni): \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha austenit (\u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ed9 dai, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh), 304 ~8\u201310.5%Ni, 316 ~10\u201314%Ni. 430 l\u00e0 ferritic (kh\u00f4ng Ni).<br \/>\n&#8211; Molypden (Mo): t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 pitting\/crevice, 316 c\u00f3 2\u20133%Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Mangan (Mn), Nit\u01a1 (N): thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Ni trong m\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf (201), gia c\u01b0\u1eddng dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh: C (c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y h\u00f3a), Si (kh\u1eed oxy), Ti\/Nb (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh C trong 321\/347), S\/P (t\u1ea1p h\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf).<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ed1i li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (tham kh\u1ea3o cho 1 t\u1ea5n 304)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 60\u201385% ph\u1ebf inox + ph\u1ebf th\u00e9p s\u1ea1ch<br \/>\n&#8211; 14\u201320% ferrochrome (60\u201370%Cr)<br \/>\n&#8211; 8\u201312% nickel (Ni cathode\/ferronickel)<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf: ferromoly (n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 316), ferrosilicon, v\u00f4i (t\u1ea1o x\u1ec9), nit\u01a1 (kh\u00ed)<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00e1c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-nau-luyen-eaf-aodvod-duc-lien-tuc\">N\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n: EAF \u2192 AOD\/VOD \u2192 \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<h3>L\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang (EAF)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y nhanh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u1ebf + ferroh\u1ee3p kim \u1edf 1.600\u20131.650\u00b0C, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t\/\u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng (\u2248350\u2013500 kWh\/t\u1ea5n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00e2u kh\u1eed t\u1ea1p: x\u1ec9 ki\u1ec1m cao (CaO) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S) v\u00e0 phospho (P).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tinh luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>Tinh luy\u1ec7n AOD\/VOD<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization): th\u1ed5i O2 pha lo\u00e3ng b\u1eb1ng Ar\/N2 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed C xu\u1ed1ng <0,03% trong khi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf oxi h\u00f3a Cr. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o: [C] + [O] \u2192 CO\u2191. Sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1eed C l\u00e0 kh\u1eed S (x\u1ec9 ki\u1ec1m), \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh Cr\/Ni\/Mo\/N.\n- VOD (Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization): d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t C si\u00eau th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t N \u2014 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho m\u00e1c ferritic, si\u00eau s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u BA cao c\u1ea5p.\n- K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: th\u00e9p l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, m\u1ee9c bao kh\u00ed (H, N, O) ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.\n\n\n\n<h3>\u0110\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (slab)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e9p l\u1ecfng \u2192 trung gian tundish \u2192 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u2192 slab d\u00e0y 150\u2013220 mm, r\u1ed9ng 900\u20131.600 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o, rung khu\u00f4n, b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1eb9t v\u1ecf, n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng, v\u1ebft r\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-can-nong-u-tay-va-dai-can-nong\">C\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, \u1ee7 \u2013 t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e1n n\u00f3ng (Hot Rolling)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Slab nung l\u1ea1i 1.150\u20131.250\u00b0C \u2192 c\u00e1n ph\u00e1 \u2192 c\u00e1n tinh (Steckel\/Hot Strip Mill) \u0111\u1ebfn 3\u201312 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y c\u00e1u (descaling) b\u1eb1ng tia n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pass \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u1eb7n oxit Cr\/Fe.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: Hot Band (\u0111en), sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee7 \u2013 t\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh HRAP.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ee6 \u2013 t\u1ea9y (Anneal &#038; Pickle, HRAP)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ee6 h\u00f2a tan 1.050\u20131.150\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o austenit\/ferrit \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y axit: HNO3 + HF \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec3 nh\u00fang, phun ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp oxit gi\u00e0u Cr b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t; r\u1eeda \u2013 trung h\u00f2a \u2013 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; HRAP c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1edd, d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-can-nguoi-u-mem-va-hoan-thien-be-mat\">C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i (Cold Rolling)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (0,3\u20133,0 mm ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn), t\u0103ng ph\u1eb3ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng 50\u201370% qua nhi\u1ec1u pass; xen k\u1ebd \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c d\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ee6 \u2013 t\u1ea9y l\u1ea7n 2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 2D: \u1ee6 \u2013 t\u1ea9y sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng skin-pass, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e1m m\u1edd, Ra \u2248 0,6\u20131,0 \u00b5m.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2B: \u1ee6 \u2013 t\u1ea9y r\u1ed3i skin-pass nh\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ee5c b\u00f3ng \u2192 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 nh\u1eb9, Ra \u2248 0,3\u20130,5 \u00b5m. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, laser, ch\u1ea5n g\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; BA (Bright Anneal): \u1ee6 s\u00e1ng trong kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 H2\/N2, dew point th\u1ea5p (\u2264 \u201340\u00b0C), kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y sau \u1ee7 \u2192 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ra \u2248 0,05\u20130,1 \u00b5m. Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trang tr\u00ed cao c\u1ea5p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, F&#038;B.<br \/>\n&#8211; No.4\/HL (Hairline): \u0110\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng m\u00e0i\/Scotch-Brite; No.4 h\u1ea1t ng\u1eafn, HL v\u00e2n d\u00e0i; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t grit (180\u2013320) v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; 8K (Mirror): \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn g\u01b0\u01a1ng soi; c\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n BA\/2B ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201cda cam\u201d, l\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tension leveling\/roller leveling: kh\u1eed s\u00f3ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng \u2264 I-unit theo A480.<br \/>\n&#8211; Slit\/cut-to-length: c\u1eaft cu\u1ed9n th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m; m\u00e9p Mill Edge ho\u1eb7c Slit Edge.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee7 film PE\/PVC m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trong gia c\u00f4ng\/thi c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-tieu-chuan-co-tinh-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<h3>Chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A480: t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n inox; EN 10088; JIS G4304 (t\u1ea5m c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng), G4305 (t\u1ea5m c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 (Cr16\u201317, Mn cao, Ni th\u1ea5p): kinh t\u1ebf, trang tr\u00ed \u2013 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L (18Cr\u20138Ni, C th\u1ea5p): \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L (Mo 2\u20133%): m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride, ven bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430 (Ferritic, 16\u201318Cr, 0Ni): trang tr\u00ed, \u00f4 t\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex 2205: PREN cao, ch\u1ecbu chloride m\u1ea1nh, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung sai: theo A480\/EN ISO, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 song song, nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: OES\/ICP; ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh PMI b\u1eb1ng XRF t\u1ea1i kho\/x\u01b0\u1edfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: k\u00e9o (ASTM A370), u\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (HRB\/HV).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n: A262 (IGC), pitting (PREN = %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N; 316 c\u00f3 PREN ~23\u201324; 304 ~18\u201319).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: Ra, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u00e1n (v\u1ebft l\u0103n, r\u1ed7, x\u01b0\u1edbc), sai s\u1ed1 m\u00e0u gi\u1eefa m\u1ebb.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y: Eddy current, UT (n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y).<br \/>\n&#8211; Truy xu\u1ea5t: Heat number, MTC (EN 10204 3.1), ngu\u1ed3n melt shop.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-tu-goc-nhin-vi-cau-truc-vi-sao-inox-khong-gi\">T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: v\u00ec sao inox \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 d\u00e0y v\u00e0i nm t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh khi c\u00f3 O2; Mo gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl\u2013.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y h\u00f3a (sensitization): k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cr23C6 t\u1ea1i bi\u00ean h\u1ea1t \u1edf 450\u2013850\u00b0C l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o Cr c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u2192 IGC; kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1c L (C \u22640,03%) ho\u1eb7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb, quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng N: t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n, t\u0103ng PREN (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t duplex, austenitic cao N).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-hoan-thien-be-mat-va-ung-dung-thuc-te\">Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 2B: l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, c\u1eaft laser, ch\u1ea5n; s\u01a1n\/t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; BA: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, F&#038;B, thang m\u00e1y, b\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; \u00edt ch\u00eanh m\u00e0u, d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; No.4\/HL: n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7t d\u1ef1ng; l\u01b0u \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e2n khi l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; 8K: trang tr\u00ed cao c\u1ea5p, g\u01b0\u01a1ng; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ec1n th\u00e9p s\u1ea1ch, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ed5 sung: ph\u1ee7 PVD\/ion (m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, \u0111en, \u0111\u1ed3ng), bead-blast, nano-coating ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-logistics-dong-goi-va-bao-quan-tai-viet-nam\">Logistics, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i: gi\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u + t\u00fai PE + \u0111ai th\u00e9p, k\u00ea g\u1ed7; g\u1eafn h\u1ea1t h\u00fat \u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n\/l\u01b0u kho: n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 tho\u00e1ng, tr\u00e1nh s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i, tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 chloride (xi m\u0103ng \u01b0\u1edbt, mu\u1ed1i).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd mi\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n\/\u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316\/duplex, ph\u1ee7 film hai m\u1eb7t, v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-yeu-to-chi-phi-va-ben-vung\">Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed: bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng niken (LME), ferrochrome, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; premium cho BA, HL\/No.4, 8K; cu\u1ed9n r\u1ebb h\u01a1n t\u1ea5m c\u1eaft l\u1ebb.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#038; ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i: EAF d\u00f9ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ebf cao gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m CO2; t\u00e1i sinh axit t\u1ea9y (regeneration), x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00f9n oxit Cr; tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u: d\u00f9ng PREN \u0111\u1ee7 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201cover-spec\u201d g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-checklist-chon-mua-tam-inox-cho-xuongnha-thau-o-ha\">Checklist ch\u1ecdn mua t\u1ea5m inox cho x\u01b0\u1edfng\/nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4 (201\/430\/304), \u1ea9m\/chloride (316\/duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng: 2B cho gia c\u00f4ng, BA cho v\u1ec7 sinh\/b\u00f3ng, HL\/No.4 cho trang tr\u00ed, 8K cho g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9: ASTM A240\/A480, EN 10088; MTC 3.1, heat number.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o nhanh PMI\/XRF khi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m 201 \u2194 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc: \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111o t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng \u201cblack spot\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u film b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e2n (n\u1ebfu HL\/No.4), m\u00e9p c\u1eaft (slit hay mill).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng gia c\u00f4ng: ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 1,0\u20133,0 mm, r\u1ed9ng 1.219 mm (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng VN), \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5n u\u1ed1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ecfi r\u00f5 quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 (BA\/2B) v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y (ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-cac-cau-hoi-thuong-gap-ky-thuat\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<h3>1) V\u00ec sao 304 \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1eabn g\u1ec9 n\u00e2u?<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 carbon steel, b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft; ho\u1eb7c chloride \u0111\u1ecdng l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: pickling\/passivation nh\u1eb9, v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h3>2) 201 c\u00f3 thay 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Trong n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4\/gian b\u1ebfp gia \u0111\u00ecnh: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/\u1ea9m m\u1eb7n: 201 d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7; 304\/316 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n. 201 c\u00f3 Mn cao, Ni th\u1ea5p \u2192 \u0111\u1ed9 dai k\u00e9m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3>3) BA c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 8K?<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; BA l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u01b0\u01a1ng 8K c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tinh; BA gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 cho m\u00e0u b\u00f3ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-lo-trinh-tom-tat-theo-buoc-tu-quang-den-tam\">L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft theo b\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m)<\/h2>\n<p>1) Qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft, qu\u1eb7ng cromit, qu\u1eb7ng nickel \u2192 gang\/th\u00e9p n\u1ec1n, ferrochrome, nickel; c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ebf inox.<br \/>\n2) N\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y EAF \u2192 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n3) Tinh luy\u1ec7n AOD\/VOD \u2192 h\u1ea1 C, kh\u1eed t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n4) \u0110\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u2192 slab.<br \/>\n5) C\u00e1n n\u00f3ng \u2192 d\u1ea3i n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n6) \u1ee6 \u2013 t\u1ea9y (HRAP).<br \/>\n7) C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec1u pass \u2192 \u1ee7 \u2013 t\u1ea9y\/\u1ee7 s\u00e1ng.<br \/>\n8) Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/BA\/No.4\/HL\/8K.<br \/>\n9) C\u1eaft x\u1ebb, l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng, ph\u1ee7 film, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<br \/>\n10) Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, giao h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ea5m inox th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t: ph\u1ed1i li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n (Cr, Ni, Mo, N, ph\u1ebf), n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch (EAF\u2013AOD\/VOD), \u0111\u00fac \u2013 c\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u1ee7 \u2013 t\u1ea9y \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c (201\/304\/316\/430\/duplex), \u0111\u00fang b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (2B\/BA\/No.4\/HL\/8K) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u2013 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed. Hi\u1ec3u \u201ch\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u201d n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n mua \u0111\u00fang, gia c\u00f4ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p \u2014 t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 ferrochrome \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m inox 2B\/BA: n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n EAF\u2013AOD, c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng\u2013l\u1ea1nh, t\u1ea9y axit, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A240, m\u1eb9o ch\u1ecdn mua t\u1ea1i VN.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1052,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1110"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1110\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}