{"id":1115,"date":"2025-09-28T12:33:18","date_gmt":"2025-09-28T05:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-la-gi-vi-sao-la-mac-thep-khong-gi-pho-bien-nhat\/"},"modified":"2025-09-28T12:33:18","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T05:33:18","slug":"inox-304-la-gi-vi-sao-la-mac-thep-khong-gi-pho-bien-nhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-la-gi-vi-sao-la-mac-thep-khong-gi-pho-bien-nhat\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox 304 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao l\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-inox-304-la-gi-ky-hieu-va-tieu-chuan-tuong-duong\">Inox 304 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-tai-sao-inox-304-pho-bien-nhat\">T\u1ea1i sao Inox 304 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-cac-bien-the-304-304l-304h-chon-loai-nao\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 304, 304L, 304H: ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-tinh-chat-co-ly-quan-trong\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-chong-an-mon-manh-o-da-so-moi-truong-gioi-han-o-cl\">Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111a s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf clorua<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-be-mat-hoan-thien-va-tac-dong-den-an-mon\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-gia-cong-han-va-xu-ly-be-mat\">Gia c\u00f4ng, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam-va-quoc-te\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-so-sanh-nhanh-304-vs-201-vs-316-vs-430\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: 304 vs 201 vs 316 vs 430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-lam-sao-nhan-biet-va-kiem-tra-dung-mac\">L\u00e0m sao nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-dai-kich-thuoc-dang-hang-pho-bien\">D\u1ea3i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-gioi-han-va-luu-y-khi-chon-304\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ch\u1ecdn 304<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 304 (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/8) l\u00e0 m\u00e1c austenitic ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Inox 304 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u01b0u\/nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 304L\/304H, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, c\u00e1ch gia c\u00f4ng \u2013 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-inox-304-la-gi-ky-hieu-va-tieu-chuan-tuong-duong\">Inox 304 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00ean g\u1ecdi: Inox 304, AISI 304, SUS 304 (JIS), X5CrNi18-10 (DIN), 1.4301 (EN).<br \/>\n&#8211; UNS: S30400 (304); S30403 (304L); S30409 (304H).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240 \/ EN 10088<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: ASTM A312 (sch), \u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed: ASTM A554<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng\/\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t: ASTM A269, A249<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thanh tr\u00f2n\/d\u1eb9t: ASTM A276<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00e2y: ASTM A493<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc danh ngh\u0129a (304 th\u01b0\u1eddng \/ EN 1.4301):<br \/>\n&#8211; C \u2264 0.07\u20130.08%; Si \u2264 1.0%; Mn \u2264 2.0%; P \u2264 0.045%; S \u2264 0.03% (EN \u2264 0.015%)<br \/>\n&#8211; Cr 17.5\u201319.5%; Ni 8.0\u201310.5%; N \u2264 0.10\u20130.11%<br \/>\nGhi ch\u00fa: 304L (C \u2264 0.03%) t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho h\u00e0n; 304H (C 0.04\u20130.10%) d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-tai-sao-inox-304-pho-bien-nhat\">T\u1ea1i sao Inox 304 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u2013 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u2013 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng \u2013 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ec5 c\u00e1n, d\u1eadp, k\u00e9o s\u00e2u, u\u1ed1n; h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh; \u00edt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u phong ph\u00fa, \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (No.1, 2B, BA, HL, No.4, g\u01b0\u01a1ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cao, d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec7 sinh (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, y t\u1ebf) khi ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf >60%, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n cung niken\/chrom so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a clorua cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-cac-bien-the-304-304l-304h-chon-loai-nao\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 304, 304L, 304H: ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 (S30400, 1.4301): d\u00f9ng chung, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n 304L; c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a (sensitization) khi h\u00e0n d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L (S30403, 1.4307): h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a carbide Cr23C6 khi h\u00e0n; l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n, b\u1ed3n\/\u1ed1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304H (S30409): C cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao; d\u00f9ng cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00f2, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-tinh-chat-co-ly-quan-trong\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 (annealed), 304 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh theo ASTM A240:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u: 515 MPa (304L: 485 MPa)<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y 0,2%: 205 MPa (304L: ~170 MPa)<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i: \u226540%<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: \u2264 RB 92 (\u2248 HB 201)<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng: ~8.0 g\/cm\u00b3; M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i: ~193 GPa<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (20\u2013100\u00b0C): ~17.2 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn: ~16 W\/m\u00b7K (100\u00b0C)<br \/>\n&#8211; Phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i\/u\u1ed1n d\u1eadp do mactenxit bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n; ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-chong-an-mon-manh-o-da-so-moi-truong-gioi-han-o-cl\">Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111a s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf clorua<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, \u0111a s\u1ed1 dung d\u1ecbch h\u1eefu c\u01a1 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 lo\u00e3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m r\u1ed7 (pitting)\/khe (crevice) trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u ion Cl\u2212 (n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t clo, b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i). PREN 304 ~ 18\u201319 (kh\u00f4ng Mo), th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 316 (PREN ~ 23\u201324).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong clorua (Cl-SCC) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t >60\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a khi gi\u1eef \u1edf 450\u2013850\u00b0C; 304L h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y khi h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu oxy h\u00f3a kh\u00f4 t\u1ed1t t\u1edbi ~870\u00b0C (gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n); kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng 304L\/\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a.<br \/>\nKhuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y\/\u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a: 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n n\u1ebfu Cl\u2212 th\u1ea5p; tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc + khe h\u1edf.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n\/outdoor phun mu\u1ed1i: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316 ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn + b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd n\u1ebfu v\u1eabn bu\u1ed9c d\u00f9ng 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a Cl\u2212\/Br\u2212: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316\/2205.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-be-mat-hoan-thien-va-tac-dong-den-an-mon\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 2B: \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh; ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho b\u1ed3n, v\u1ecf m\u00e1y.<br \/>\n&#8211; BA (Bright Annealed): b\u00f3ng, k\u00edn h\u01a1n, v\u1ec7 sinh t\u1ed1t cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; No.4\/HL: v\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edbc; c\u1ea7n v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u00e1m mu\u1ed1i\/b\u1ee5i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n&#8211; 8K (g\u01b0\u01a1ng): r\u1ea5t b\u00f3ng; d\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t\/ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cao c\u1ea5p.<br \/>\nB\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e0ng m\u1ecbn\/\u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn, c\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong c\u00f9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-gia-cong-han-va-xu-ly-be-mat\">Gia c\u00f4ng, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n<h3>Gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o s\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u1eadp t\u1ed1t (ch\u1eadu r\u1eeda, n\u1ed3i, v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc). Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i DDQ (Deep Drawing Quality) khi c\u1ea7n k\u00e9o s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng cao; d\u00f9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee7 trung gian khi t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u2265 1\u20131.5 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ee9t m\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: GTAW\/TIG, GMAW\/MIG, SMAW que. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbp h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n: 308\/308L (ER308L d\u00e2y; E308L que) l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho 304\/304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (pickling) v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation) b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp Cr2O3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 th\u00e9p carbon; d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i inox ri\u00eang, ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3>X\u1eed l\u00fd \u2013 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch trung t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eb9; tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9a clorua m\u1ea1nh (Javel\u2014NaClO) ho\u1eb7c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 sau khi d\u00f9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khe h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam-va-quoc-te\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng: b\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i, b\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c, n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng\/ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac: lan can, tay v\u1ecbn, \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed, c\u1eeda, tr\u1ea7n, thang.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc gia d\u1ee5ng\/ c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a, th\u00f9ng xe b\u1ed3n cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng clorua cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y, bu-l\u00f4ng\/\u1ed1c v\u00edt kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y t\u1ebf \u2013 d\u01b0\u1ee3c: b\u00e0n m\u1ed5, t\u1ee7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb r\u1eeda, gi\u00e1 k\u1ec7 (\u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t BA).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00d4 t\u00f4 \u2013 t\u00e0u xe: \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed, \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 nh\u1eb9 (t\u00f9y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng; nhi\u1ec1u OEM d\u00f9ng 409\/439 cho \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-so-sanh-nhanh-304-vs-201-vs-316-vs-430\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: 304 vs 201 vs 316 vs 430<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 (18Cr-8Ni): chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (\u1ee7).<br \/>\n&#8211; 201 (Mn cao, Ni th\u1ea5p): r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304; d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7 \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316 (th\u00eam 2\u20133% Mo): ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/khe v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong clorua; gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n; khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 ch\u1ee9a Cl\u2212.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (ferritic 16\u201318% Cr, kh\u00f4ng Ni): t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, \u1ed1p trong nh\u00e0, chi ti\u1ebft trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-lam-sao-nhan-biet-va-kiem-tra-dung-mac\">L\u00e0m sao nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u\/\u0111\u00f3ng m\u00e1c tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9n\/t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (A240, A312\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m: 304 nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat; v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i\/u\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 \u2192 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhanh b\u1eb1ng XRF\/spectro l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u1edbi 201\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 Mill Test Certificate (MTC) theo heat\/lot.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-dai-kich-thuoc-dang-hang-pho-bien\">D\u1ea3i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: 0.3\u20136.0 mm (th\u01b0\u1eddng 0.5\/0.8\/1.0\/1.2\/1.5\/2.0\/3.0 mm); kh\u1ed5 1219, 1500 mm; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/BA\/No.4\/HL.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n trang tr\u00ed (A554): phi 9.5\u2013168 mm; h\u1ed9p 10\u00d710 \u0111\u1ebfn 100\u00d7100 mm; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 0.6\u20133.0 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (A312): c\u00e1c c\u1ee1 Schedule; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u NDT\/hydrotest.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thanh tr\u00f2n\/d\u1eb9t, d\u00e2y l\u00f2 xo\/d\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-gioi-han-va-luu-y-khi-chon-304\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ch\u1ecdn 304<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho: ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i\/Br\u2212, axit halogen m\u1ea1nh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua n\u00f3ng; h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn 316\/2205.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n d\u00e0y\/th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec7t d\u00e0i: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: xem x\u00e9t 304H ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi t\u1eeb t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i: d\u00f9ng 304 \u1ee7 k\u1ef9\/kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316L \u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304 c\u00f3 \u201can to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\u201d kh\u00f4ng? 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (2B\/BA), h\u00e0n \u2013 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh. Lu\u00f4n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 3-A, EU) khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ec sao b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc 304 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 201? 304 c\u00f3 Ni cao h\u01a1n \u2192 l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n \u2192 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng; tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng? L\u1edbp g\u1ec9 n\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1i, khe h\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec k\u00e9m. L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Inox 304 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic \u201cchu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c\u201d nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 gi\u1eefa ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng \u2013 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed. V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, ngu\u1ed3n cung phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a clorua cao, 304 (v\u00e0 304L) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i) v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (304L, 316, x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng) l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox \u201c\u0111a n\u0103ng\u201d \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, Inox 304 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u2013 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft Inox 304: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, 304L\/304H, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, gia c\u00f4ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi 201, 316, 430.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1028,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1115"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1115\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1028"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}