{"id":1122,"date":"2025-09-30T00:34:48","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T17:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-430-dac-tinh-ung-dung-vi-sao-hut-nam-cham-so-voi-304-201\/"},"modified":"2025-09-30T00:34:48","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T17:34:48","slug":"inox-430-dac-tinh-ung-dung-vi-sao-hut-nam-cham-so-voi-304-201","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-430-dac-tinh-ung-dung-vi-sao-hut-nam-cham-so-voi-304-201\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox 430: \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00ec sao h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m (so v\u1edbi 304\/201)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-ve-inox-430\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh v\u1ec1 inox 430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-tieu-chuan\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-vi-sao-inox-430-hut-nam-cham\">V\u00ec sao inox 430 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-tinh-chat-co-ly-quan-trong\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 \u2013 l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-kha-nang-chong-an-mon-khi-nao-du-va-khi-nao-khong\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-nhiet-do-lam-viec-va-hien-tuong-gion-475c\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n 475\u00b0C<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-tao-hinh-gia-cong-cat-got-cat-nhiet\">T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt, c\u1eaft nhi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-han-inox-430-huong-dan-thuc-tien\">H\u00e0n inox 430: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-be-mat-hoan-thien\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2013 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-so-sanh-nhanh-430-vs-304-vs-201\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: 430 vs 304 vs 201<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-cach-nhan-biet-va-kiem-tra-chat-luong-khi-mua-inox\">C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi mua inox 430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-quy-cach-ton-kho-pho-bien\">Quy c\u00e1ch \u2013 t\u1ed3n kho ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-luu-y-thi-cong-bao-tri-de-tang-tuoi-tho\">L\u01b0u \u00fd thi c\u00f4ng \u2013 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-14-faq-ngan\">FAQ ng\u1eafn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-15-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 430 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferritic ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1edd gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p cho n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t \u2013 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t: inox 430 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ra sao, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1ch h\u00e0n \u2013 gia c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao 430 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ee9c tranh \u201cPh\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-ve-inox-430\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh v\u1ec1 inox 430<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i: Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferritic (t\u1eeb t\u00ednh), AISI 430, UNS S43000, EN 1.4016 (X6Cr17), JIS SUS430.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n: ~16\u201318% Cr, C r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni \u2192 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ferit (BCC) \u2192 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: Gi\u00e1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u00edt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c Ni), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p (2B\/BA\/HL\/No.4), d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u00f3m austenitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: Kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf k\u00e9m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua; h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n\/ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: V\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng, \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, th\u00f9ng \u2013 v\u1ecf t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong nh\u00e0, m\u00e1ng c\u00e1p, \u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, \u1ed1p thang \u2013 v\u00e1ch thang m\u00e1y ph\u1ea7n trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, n\u1eb9p \u2013 len t\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p b\u1ebfp (kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-tieu-chuan\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (tham kh\u1ea3o ASTM A240\/EN 10088, theo ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai kh\u00e1c nh\u1eb9):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cr: 16.0\u201318.0%<br \/>\n  &#8211; C: \u22640.08%<br \/>\n  &#8211; Mn: \u22641.00%; Si: \u22641.00%<br \/>\n  &#8211; P: \u22640.040%; S: \u22640.030%<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ni: \u22640.75% (th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p)<br \/>\n  &#8211; N: \u22640.03%<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240\/A480; EN 10088-2; JIS G4305<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed h\u00e0n: ASTM A554<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ferritic: ASTM A268<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed3ng danh: AISI 430, UNS S43000, EN 1.4016 (X6Cr17), JIS SUS430.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra MTC (Mill Test Certificate) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u2013 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-vi-sao-inox-430-hut-nam-cham\">V\u00ec sao inox 430 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m?<\/h2>\n<h3>Vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 430 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ferit (m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i \u2013 BCC). Ferit c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u1eaft t\u1eeb m\u1ea1nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, n\u00ean 430 lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1c m\u00e1c austenitic nh\u01b0 304\/316 c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t (FCC) kh\u00f4ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 \u2192 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ckh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau c\u00e1n \u2013 d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh, 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o mactenxit v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u01a1i h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ec 430 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni (nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit), c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ferit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec sau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sau h\u00e0n n\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h3>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 430 gi\u1eef t\u00ednh s\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng; khi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Curie (x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 600\u2013750\u00b0C t\u00f9y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n), t\u1eeb t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-tinh-chat-co-ly-quan-trong\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 \u2013 l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh (t\u1ea5m \u1ee7, tham kh\u1ea3o):<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y Rp0.2: ~205 MPa<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o Rm: ~450\u2013500 MPa<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i: ~22%<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: \u2264HB 183<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt l\u00fd:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang: ~7.7 g\/cm\u00b3 (th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 304 ~8.0)<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i: ~200 GPa<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t: ~26 W\/m\u00b7K (cao h\u01a1n 304 ~16 W\/m\u00b7K) \u2192 tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t nhanh, thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ebfp, t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t: ~10.4 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K (20\u2013100\u00b0C), th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 304 (~17) \u2192 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc\/bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t: ~0.60 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7m (20\u00b0C)<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y: ~1425\u20131510\u00b0C<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i: cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng 600\u2013800 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-kha-nang-chong-an-mon-khi-nao-du-va-khi-nao-khong\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN c\u1ee7a 430 ~16\u201318 (do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Mo, N) \u2192 kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 304 (18\u201319) v\u00e0 316 (~24).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4, trong nh\u00e0, kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n s\u1ea1ch\/\u00edt \u1ea9m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, \u00edt clorua; m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9 oxy h\u00f3a (nh\u01b0 axit nitric lo\u00e3ng).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9, t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda trung t\u00ednh (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a chlorides).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u1ea9m m\u1eb7n, h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i, b\u1eafn n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i (Cl- cao) \u2192 d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7, \u1ed1 tr\u00e0.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit kh\u1eed, axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 Cl- cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Khe k\u1ebd, k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t gi\u1eef \u1ea9m \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang ferritic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u00cdt nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t clorua (SCC) so v\u1edbi 304\/316, h\u1eefu \u00edch cho linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u1edf kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: N\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c d\u00f9ng \u1edf khu \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1ea9m (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i\/ion clorua nh\u1eb9, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn (BA\/No.4 m\u1ecbn), thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch + ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a Cl-.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-nhiet-do-lam-viec-va-hien-tuong-gion-475c\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00f2n 475\u00b0C<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a: t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 815\u00b0C trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c); l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf ~870\u00b0C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp \u00f4xit nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 t\u00ednh suy gi\u1ea3m.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: 430 nh\u1ea1y gi\u00f2n 475\u00b0C (alpha\u2019 embrittlement) khi gi\u1eef l\u00e2u \u1edf 400\u2013550\u00b0C \u2192 \u0111\u1ed9 dai gi\u1ea3m, d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t va \u0111\u1eadp. Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. Sau h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c gia nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ee7 ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u00f9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-tao-hinh-gia-cong-cat-got-cat-nhiet\">T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt, c\u1eaft nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<h3>T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 430 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p \u2192 d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t\/b\u1ebb g\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i thu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u201cd\u1ec5\u201d nh\u01b0 304. R\u1ee7i ro roping\/ridging tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i; v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft vu\u1ed1t s\u00e2u ch\u1ecdn 430DDQ.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb (tham kh\u1ea3o): \u22651.0t theo chi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n; \u22651.5t vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c chi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n. D\u00f9ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed1t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed3i r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t m\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h3>Gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n 304 do bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p; d\u00f9ng dao h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft trung b\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ba via k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng laser\/plasma<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Laser fiber\/CO\u2082 c\u1eaft 430 r\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch; c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 r\u1eeda\/passivate v\u00f9ng c\u1eaft n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9\/ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao. Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft c\u00e1c-bon t\u1eeb b\u00e0n c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-han-inox-430-huong-dan-thuc-tien\">H\u00e0n inox 430: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh: t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n h\u00f3a v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t (HAZ), r\u1ea1n n\u00f3ng n\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\/ nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n h\u1eb9p; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa (interpass) th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y >3 mm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb9 ~100\u2013150\u00b0C; tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Nb\/Ti (430Ti, 430LNb) cho chi ti\u1ebft h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c thay b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1c 439\/441 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430 h\u00e0n 430: d\u00f9ng 430LNb\/430Ti n\u1ebfu c\u00f3; ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00f9ng 308L\/309L \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n austenitic d\u1ebbo dai, gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430 h\u00e0n 304\/kh\u00e1c m\u00e1c: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 309L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo\/\u0111\u1ed9 dai cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7 ~760\u2013815\u00b0C r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, pickling\/passivation lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 base metal contamination.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-be-mat-hoan-thien\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2013 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3: 2B (m\u1edd), BA (b\u00f3ng \u1ee7 g\u01b0\u01a1ng), No.4 (#4), HL (hairline), SB (shot blast), d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Film b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7: 30\u201380 \u00b5m t\u00f9y c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n; b\u00f3c film sau l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1eaby \u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch trung t\u00ednh; tr\u00e1nh Cl-, tr\u00e1nh len th\u00e9p carbon; n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5m r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u do nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng gel pickling nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch citric, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ung-dung-tieu-bieu-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gia d\u1ee5ng: V\u1ecf\/t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e1y r\u1eeda b\u00e1t, l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1ee5p h\u00fat m\u00f9i, m\u1eb7t \u1ed1p b\u1ebfp khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4; \u0111\u1ed3 trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u2013 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t: \u1ed1p t\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 tr\u1ea7n \u2013 n\u1eb9p, tay v\u1ecbn trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, thang m\u00e1ng c\u00e1p, t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong nh\u00e0, v\u00e1ch thang m\u00e1y khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9: T\u1ea5m che, v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, chi ti\u1ebft d\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t\/clorua; linh ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh t\u1eeb (c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nam ch\u00e2m, panel treo nam ch\u00e2m).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00d4 t\u00f4 \u2013 xe m\u00e1y: N\u1eb9p trang tr\u00ed, chi ti\u1ebft n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t; (\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng 409\/436\/439).<br \/>\nKhuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n: H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00eda B\u1eafc d\u00f9ng 430 t\u1ed1t cho n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4; ven bi\u1ec3n (H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, Nha Trang, V\u0169ng T\u00e0u) n\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n 304\/316 cho h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-so-sanh-nhanh-430-vs-304-vs-201\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: 430 vs 304 vs 201<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: H\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: Kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i h\u00fat \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: Th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1i h\u00fat do mactenxit h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n khi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n\/Cl-):<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ed1t: 316 > 304 > 430 \u2248 201 (201 k\u00e9m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i).<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u00e1:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430 ~ th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n (\u00edt Ni) \u2248 201 < 304 < 316.\n- T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh:\n  - 304 d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t; 430 trung b\u00ecnh (ch\u1ecdn 430DDQ cho vu\u1ed1t s\u00e2u); 201 trung b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 r\u1ea1n khi u\u1ed1n g\u1eaft.\n- H\u00e0n:\n  - 304 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n; 430 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t\/que ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; 201 nh\u1ea1y n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng n\u1ebfu Mn\/N cao.\n- Nhi\u1ec7t:\n  - 430 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ea5p, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao \u2192 \u00edt cong v\u00eanh nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n 304 trong v\u00e0i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-cach-nhan-biet-va-kiem-tra-chat-luong-khi-mua-inox\">C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi mua inox 430<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: 430 b\u1ecb h\u00fat r\u00f5; nh\u01b0ng 201 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i h\u00fat sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i \u2192 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng duy nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; XRF\/PMI \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Cr ~16\u201318% v\u00e0 Ni r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: 430 BA\/HL s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb9p; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u film b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebft c\u00e1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00e2n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 430 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n 304 ~3\u20134% v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ecdc MTC: Chu\u1ea9n, heat number, m\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u1edbp h\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn 430 v\u1edbi 201\/410; h\u00e0ng BA \u201c\u0111\u1eb9p\u201d nh\u01b0ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 Cr.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed carbon l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1ed1 n\u00e2u \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201ch\u00e0ng k\u00e9m\u201d m\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-quy-cach-ton-kho-pho-bien\">Quy c\u00e1ch \u2013 t\u1ed3n kho ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: d\u00e0y 0.3\u20133.0 mm; kh\u1ed5 1000\/1219\/1500 mm; chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 2000\u00d71000, 2438\u00d71219 mm; cu\u1ed9n 2B\/BA\/HL\/No.4.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng\/h\u1ed9p trang tr\u00ed: d\u00e0y 0.5\u20131.5 mm; d\u1ea1ng tr\u00f2n\/vu\u00f4ng\/ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t HL\/No.4\/BA.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: c\u1eaft laser, ch\u1ea5n, m\u00e0i HL\/No.4, d\u00e1n film, d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd dung sai chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y\/\u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng theo ASTM A480\/EN 10088; x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi duy\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-luu-y-thi-cong-bao-tri-de-tang-tuoi-tho\">L\u01b0u \u00fd thi c\u00f4ng \u2013 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00e1nh khe k\u1ebd b\u1eaby \u1ea9m; c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m nh\u1ef1a\/gio\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m pin \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng v\u00edt\/bu l\u00f4ng inox \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p; n\u1ebfu bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, b\u00f4i keo c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, b\u00f3c film, lau kh\u00f4; v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch trung t\u00ednh, tr\u00e1nh Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; Passivation sau h\u00e0n\/c\u1eaft n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9\/ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-14-faq-ngan\">FAQ ng\u1eafn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 430 c\u00f3 \u201cr\u1ec9\u201d kh\u00f4ng? Trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4 \u2013 s\u1ea1ch: r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n. Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u1ea9m m\u1eb7n: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ed7\/\u1ed1 tr\u00e0; n\u00ean d\u00f9ng 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng trong ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m? C\u00f3, cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4\/\u00edt clorua; v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i\/axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ec sao 430 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m c\u00f2n 304 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? Do 430 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ferit (BCC) s\u1eaft t\u1eeb; 304 l\u00e0 austenit (FCC) kh\u00f4ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 c\u00f3 h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2y\/que ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (308L\/309L ho\u1eb7c 430 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Nb\/Ti), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-15-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Inox 430 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p, chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb (h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n s\u1ea1ch. C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a 430 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ferit n\u00ean v\u1eeba mang l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ea5p, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7t ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 clorua khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 400\u2013550\u00b0C. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng 430 cho v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed, t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong nh\u00e0, \u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t; chuy\u1ec3n sang 304\/316 cho ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/ven bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua. Khi mua, lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c minh MTC, ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. V\u1edbi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n, 430 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u2013 kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t cao cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch inox 430 (EN 1.4016): th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u00e0n\u2013gia c\u00f4ng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 l\u00fd do 430 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m. So s\u00e1nh 304\/201.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1047,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1122"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1122\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}