{"id":1126,"date":"2025-10-01T00:33:54","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T17:33:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304l-va-304h-la-gi-khac-biet-so-voi-inox-304-tieu-chuan\/"},"modified":"2025-10-01T00:33:54","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T17:33:54","slug":"inox-304l-va-304h-la-gi-khac-biet-so-voi-inox-304-tieu-chuan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304l-va-304h-la-gi-khac-biet-so-voi-inox-304-tieu-chuan\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox 304L v\u00e0 304H l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi Inox 304 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tom-luoc-nhanh-304-vs-304l-vs-304h\">T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh: 304 vs 304L vs 304H<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-dinh-nghia-va-tieu-chuan\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-su-khac-biet-cot-loi-giua-304l-304h-va-304\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u1eefa 304L, 304H v\u00e0 304<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-khi-nao-chon-304-304l-hay-304h\">Khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn 304, 304L hay 304H?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-thiet-ke-gia-cong-va-van-hanh-luu-y-thuc-tien\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-tinh-hinh-cung-ung-tai-viet-nam-goi-y-dat-hang\">T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh cung \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam (g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-vi-du-ung-dung-thuc-te\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-so-sanh-nhanh-theo-tieu-chi-chon-vat-lieu\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 304L v\u00e0 304H l\u00e0 hai bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1c inox austenitic 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau: 304L cho h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; 304H cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o (creep). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3\u2026 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tom-luoc-nhanh-304-vs-304l-vs-304h\">T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh: 304 vs 304L vs 304H<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: C \u2264 0,08%. D\u00f9ng \u0111a d\u1ee5ng. D\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u201cnh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m\u201d (sensitization) v\u00f9ng 425\u2013870\u00b0C khi h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c \u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L (Low Carbon): C \u2264 0,03%. Gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh sau h\u00e0n. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 1 cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304H (High Carbon): C 0,04\u20130,10%. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o cao h\u01a1n \u1edf >500\u2013600\u00b0C. \u01afu ti\u00ean cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc sau h\u00e0n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-dinh-nghia-va-tieu-chuan\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ec7 kim lo\u1ea1i: Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic Cr-Ni 18\/8 (kho\u1ea3ng 18% Cr, 8\u201310% Ni).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: ASTM\/SA-240 Type 304; UNS S30400; EN 1.4301 (X5CrNi18-10)<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304L: ASTM\/SA-240 Type 304L; UNS S30403; EN 1.4307 (X2CrNi18-9)<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304H: ASTM\/SA-240\/SA-312 Type 304H; UNS S30409; EN 1.4948 (bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t)<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (VN): t\u1ea5m\/coil (A240), \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac (A312), ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n (A403 WP304\/304L\/304H), thanh (A276). 304L r\u1ea5t s\u1eb5n; 304H th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham kh\u1ea3o theo ASTM)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C (% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: \u2264 0,08<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304L: \u2264 0,03<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304H: 0,04\u20130,10 (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u C t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o; th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t)<br \/>\n&#8211; Cr: 18,0\u201320,0%<br \/>\n&#8211; Ni:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304H: 8,0\u201310,5%<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304L: 8,0\u201312,0% (bi\u00ean r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n)<br \/>\n&#8211; Mn \u2264 2,0%; Si \u2264 0,75%; P \u2264 0,045%; S \u2264 0,030%; N \u2264 0,10%<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-su-khac-biet-cot-loi-giua-304l-304h-va-304\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u1eefa 304L, 304H v\u00e0 304<\/h2>\n<h3>1) Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304: Khi h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eef trong 425\u2013870\u00b0C, cacbit Cr c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u1edf bi\u00ean h\u1ea1t, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m Cr c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh (sensitization) n\u1ebfu sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbit, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u201cs\u1ea1ch\u201d h\u01a1n, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u1ee7 h\u00f2a tan sau h\u00e0n trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do 304L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026<br \/>\n&#8211; 304H: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 sensitization sau h\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc sau h\u00e0n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ee7 h\u00f2a tan\/gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u1ede d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4 (kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng), v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u00edt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc: que\/d\u00e2y ER\/E308L cho 304 &#038; 304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao\/creep: \u01b0u ti\u00ean ER\/E308H \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch 304H (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C cao h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n<h3>2) Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 870\u00b0C (chu k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n). Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i trong 425\u2013870\u00b0C g\u00e2y sensitization; 304L \u00edt nh\u1ea1y h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0 ho\u00e1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304H: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ~500\u2013600\u00b0C (theo ASME Section II-D). V\u00ec v\u1eady 304H \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho: b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng h\u01a1i\/qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u00f9y theo \u00e1p su\u1ea5t\/\u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<h3>3) C\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u: ~515 MPa (304\/304L\/304H)<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y (0,2%): ~205 MPa<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i: \u2265 40%<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: \u2264 201 HB<br \/>\nNh\u00ecn chung, 304L h\u01a1i \u201cm\u1ec1m\u201d h\u01a1n 304 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do C th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm khi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. 304H c\u00f3 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<h3>4) Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee9c Cr\/Ni t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a 304, 304L v\u00e0 304H v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ngang nhau \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nung gi\u1ea3i (solution annealed).<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i sau h\u00e0n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1edd \u00edt sensitization.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m\/khe trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua cao; nguy c\u01a1 SCC (n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong clorua) t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh >60\u00b0C. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (clorua cao, axit m\u1ea1nh), xem x\u00e9t chuy\u1ec3n sang 316L ho\u1eb7c duplex.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-khi-nao-chon-304-304l-hay-304h\">Khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn 304, 304L hay 304H?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 304L n\u1ebfu:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i sau h\u00e0n, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc (b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, HVAC, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf).<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 dual 304\/304L (h\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 gi\u00e1).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 304 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u1ebfu:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u00cdt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i sau h\u00e0n; m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1eaft khe; c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y gia c\u00f4ng, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 304H n\u1ebfu:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng >500\u2013600\u00b0C) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o\/\u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p cao: n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed1ng l\u1eeda, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ASME cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. L\u01b0u \u00fd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n 308H) v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cDual certified 304\/304L\u201d r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nhu c\u1ea7u 304 \u1edf VN.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304H kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201cdual\u201d v\u1edbi 304L do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u C t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng 304H c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-thiet-ke-gia-cong-va-van-hanh-luu-y-thuc-tien\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0n: GTAW\/GMAW\/SMAW \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t. D\u00f9ng 308L cho 304\/304L; 308H cho 304H. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n: \u1ee6 h\u00f2a tan 1010\u20131065\u00b0C (t\u1edbi ~1120\u00b0C cho 304H), l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh. Austenitic kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e1 b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i: D\u1ec5 d\u1eadp k\u00e9o, c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i; b\u1ec1n ho\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. \u1ee6 kh\u1eed \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh: Tr\u00e1nh clo\/ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y g\u1ed1c clorua; r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m pitting.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua: Gi\u1ea3m khe h\u1edf, tr\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng; n\u1ebfu Cl- cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 >50\u201360\u00b0C, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc m\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n (316L, 317L, duplex).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-tinh-hinh-cung-ung-tai-viet-nam-goi-y-dat-hang\">T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh cung \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam (g\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304L: S\u1eb5n kho d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m\/coil (0,5\u201312 mm), \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n (SCH10\u201340), ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n A403 WP304L. Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 mill test 3.1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 (dual 304\/304L): Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t cho fabrication.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304H: Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u1edf \u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t (A312 TP304H, l\u1ecbch SCH40\u201380), \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i\/ASME. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n C, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh NDT n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304L c\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 304 kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3, nh\u1edd c\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf khi h\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\/kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00fang 304 (kh\u00f4ng \u201cL\u201d); h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304H c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n hay h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh?<br \/>\n  Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb. 304H kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc so v\u1edbi 304\/304L; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n sau h\u00e0n. D\u00f9ng 316L\/904L\/duplex t\u00f9y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 304\/304L\/304H c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb; nh\u01b0ng gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i\/h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-vi-du-ung-dung-thuc-te\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304L: B\u1ed3n tr\u1ed9n s\u1eefa, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng CIP, b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc RO, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng PCCC trong nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u khung, m\u00e1ng, lan can, v\u1ecf m\u00e1y n\u00f3i chung (\u00edt h\u00e0n n\u1eb7ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; 304H: \u1ed0ng b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, \u1ed1ng g\u00f3p h\u01a1i, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng reforming.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-so-sanh-nhanh-theo-tieu-chi-chon-vat-lieu\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc: 304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o\/\u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p theo ASME: 304H.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, \u00edt h\u00e0n\/kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1eaft khe: 304 ho\u1eb7c dual 304\/304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua cao ho\u1eb7c >60\u00b0C: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316L tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edd C th\u1ea5p, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sensitization.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304H \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, \u1ed1ng h\u01a1i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ASME.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kho b\u00e3i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u201cdual 304\/304L\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 linh ho\u1ea1t gia c\u00f4ng.<br \/>\nCh\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i: ch\u1ecdn 304L khi \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n, 304H khi \u01b0u ti\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao\/creep, v\u00e0 304 cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1eaft khe. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ngay t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox 304L (th\u1ea5p C, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00e0n) v\u00e0 304H (cao C, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t-creep) so v\u1edbi 304 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1016,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1126"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1126\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}