{"id":1133,"date":"2025-10-02T00:34:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T17:34:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-duplex-la-gi-suc-manh-ket-hop-tu-austenit-va-ferit\/"},"modified":"2025-10-02T00:34:24","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T17:34:24","slug":"inox-duplex-la-gi-suc-manh-ket-hop-tu-austenit-va-ferit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-duplex-la-gi-suc-manh-ket-hop-tu-austenit-va-ferit\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox Duplex l\u00e0 g\u00ec? S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb Austenit v\u00e0 Ferit"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-inox-duplex-la-gi-cau-truc-2-pha-va-co-che-ket-hop\">Inox Duplex l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 2 pha v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u201ck\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-cac-mac-duplex-pho-bien\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c Duplex ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-tinh-chat-co-hoc-va-an-mon-cac-con-so-then-chot\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n: c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-so-sanh-nhanh-duplex-vs-304316-va-thep-cacbon-ma-k\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: Duplex vs 304\/316 v\u00e0 th\u00e9p cacbon m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-gioi-han-nhiet-do-lam-viec-va-rui-ro-pha-sigma\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro pha sigma<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-gia-cong-va-han-duplex-thuc-hanh-tot-nhat\">Gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0n Duplex: th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-tieu-chuan-quy-cach-san-pham-thuong-gap\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n &#038; quy c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-huong-dan-chon-mac-theo-moi-truong-chloride-thuc-h\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride (th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhanh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-chi-phi-ton-kho-luu-y-khi-dat-mua-tai-ha-noi\">Chi ph\u00ed &#038; t\u1ed3n kho: l\u01b0u \u00fd khi \u0111\u1eb7t mua t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-khi-nao-nen-chon-duplex-thay-304316\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Duplex thay 304\/316?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox Duplex l\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi kim lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai pha: austenit v\u00e0 ferit, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n 50\/50. Nh\u1edd \u201csong pha\u201d n\u00e0y, Duplex k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao c\u1ee7a ferit v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a austenit, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 chi ph\u00ed\/hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chloride. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e1c inox, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o Duplex nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-inox-duplex-la-gi-cau-truc-2-pha-va-co-che-ket-hop\">Inox Duplex l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 2 pha v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u201ck\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: pha ferit (c\u1ee9ng, b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y cao, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh) \u0111an xen pha austenit (d\u1ebbo dai, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb). Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha sau luy\u1ec7n, c\u00e1n\/\u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nito (N): t\u0103ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, n\u00e2ng PREN (ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7), c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef d\u1ebbo dai.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y (yield) g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 2 l\u1ea7n inox austenit 304\/316.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong Chloride (Cl-SCC) t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304\/316.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eeba (kh\u00e1c 304\/316 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 phi t\u1eeb).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Lean Duplex (chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, PREN cao h\u01a1n 304\/316).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 2205 (c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Super Duplex 2507\/S32760 (ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n bi\u1ec3n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-cac-mac-duplex-pho-bien\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c Duplex ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) \u2248 %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N. PREN c\u00e0ng cao, ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n k\u1ebd h\u1edf c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h3>Lean Duplex<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; LDX 2101 (UNS S32101, EN 1.4162): ~21.5%Cr, ~1.5%Ni, ~5%Mn, ~0%Mo, ~0.22%N. PREN ~26\u201329.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2304 (UNS S32304, EN 1.4362): ~23%Cr, ~4%Ni, Mo r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, ~0.1%N. PREN ~26\u201328.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi d\u00f9ng: thay 304\/316 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ven bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n<h3>Duplex ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 2205<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 2205 (UNS S32205\/S31803, EN 1.4462): ~22%Cr, 5\u20136%Ni, ~3%Mo, 0.14\u20130.20%N. PREN ~34\u201336.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi d\u00f9ng: n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n lo\u00e3ng, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a chlorides, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ed3n\/\u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3>Super Duplex<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 2507 (UNS S32750, EN 1.4410): ~25%Cr, 7%Ni, ~4%Mo, ~0.28%N. PREN ~41\u201345.<br \/>\n&#8211; S32760 (EN 1.4501, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Zeron 100): ~25%Cr, 7%Ni, 3.5\u20134%Mo, ~0.7%W, ~0.25%N, c\u00f3 Cu. PREN ~42\u201347.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi d\u00f9ng: n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n, dung d\u1ecbch Cl- r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-tinh-chat-co-hoc-va-an-mon-cac-con-so-then-chot\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n: c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham kh\u1ea3o):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 2304: Re0.2 ~400\u2013450 MPa; Rm ~600\u2013770 MPa; A5 ~25\u201330%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 2205: Re0.2 ~450\u2013550 MPa; Rm ~620\u2013880 MPa; A5 ~25\u201330%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 2507: Re0.2 ~550\u2013650 MPa; Rm ~790\u20131000 MPa; A5 ~20\u201325%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; So s\u00e1nh: 316L th\u01b0\u1eddng Re0.2 ~200\u2013240 MPa.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; R\u1ed7\/\u0103n k\u1ebd h\u1edf: PREN c\u1ee7a 2205\/2507 v\u01b0\u1ee3t 316L r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t; CPT\/CCT cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cl-SCC: Duplex kh\u00e1ng n\u1ee9t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t chloride t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn ~100\u2013150\u00b0C (t\u00f9y Cl-, t\u1ea3i, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0), trong khi 304\/316 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m t\u1eeb ~50\u201360\u00b0C.<br \/>\n  &#8211; K\u1ebd h\u1edf\/\u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a: v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf k\u1ebd h\u1edf, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau gia c\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh\/axit kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a oxy: inox austenit cao Ni (904L, 254SMO) \u0111\u00f4i khi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n Duplex.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-so-sanh-nhanh-duplex-vs-304316-va-thep-cacbon-ma-k\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: Duplex vs 304\/316 v\u00e0 th\u00e9p cacbon m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; So v\u1edbi 304\/316:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y cao g\u1ea5p ~2 l\u1ea7n; ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf\/Cl-SCC v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 2205\/2507); Ni th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: d\u1eadp s\u00e2u, k\u00e9o tinh x\u1ea3o k\u00e9m austenit; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0n kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n; c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh; kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; So v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb9 nh\u1edd c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tay ngh\u1ec1 gia c\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-gioi-han-nhiet-do-lam-viec-va-rui-ro-pha-sigma\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro pha sigma<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: \u2264250\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a pha sigma v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n 475\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00f9ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m: ~300\u2013525\u00b0C (gi\u00f2n 475\u00b0C \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ferit) v\u00e0 ~600\u20131000\u00b0C (pha sigma\/chi ti\u1ebft gi\u00f2n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p: \u0111\u1ed9 dai c\u1ee7a Duplex t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9m austenit; nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1c v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng -40\u00b0C (x\u00e1c minh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ri\u00eang).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-gia-cong-va-han-duplex-thuc-hanh-tot-nhat\">Gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0n Duplex: th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1eaft\/g\u1ecdt: \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao \u2192 ch\u1ecdn dao h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 304\/316, d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edbi ngu\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<br \/>\n&#8211; U\u1ed1n\/d\u1eadp: b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 304\/316; tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c; \u1ee7 h\u00f2a tan khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n preheat; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o 0.5\u20132.5 kJ\/mm; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean l\u1edbp \u2264150\u00b0C.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n    &#8211; 2304: ER\/ESD 2307 ho\u1eb7c 2209 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o austenit \u0111\u1ee7.<br \/>\n    &#8211; 2205: ER\/E 2209 (22.8.3L).<br \/>\n    &#8211; 2507\/S32760: ER\/E 2594 ho\u1eb7c 25.10.4.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7: Ar + 2\u20133%N2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o austenit; purge m\u1eb7t sau b\u1eb1ng Ar\/N2 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u00f4xy h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ferrit sau h\u00e0n: ~35\u201360% (\u0111o FN). Ferrit qu\u00e1 cao \u2192 gi\u00f2n; qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p \u2192 gi\u1ea3m b\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch: t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, pickling v\u00e0 passivation kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf x\u1ec9, v\u1ebft ch\u00e1y.<br \/>\n  &#8211; PWHT: th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng; n\u1ebfu \u1ee7 h\u00f2a tan: ~1040\u20131100\u00b0C r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: tr\u00e1nh gi\u1eef l\u00e2u trong v\u00f9ng 600\u20131000\u00b0C; t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a th\u1eddi gian \u201c\u0111\u1ecf\u201d khi gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-tieu-chuan-quy-cach-san-pham-thuong-gap\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n &#038; quy c\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240\/A240M (Duplex, Super Duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng pipe: ASTM A790 (Seamless &#038; Welded Ferritic\/Austenitic SS Pipe), ASTM A928 (EFW pipe).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng tube: ASTM A789 (Seamless &#038; Welded Ferritic\/Austenitic SS Tubing).<br \/>\n&#8211; Thanh\/tr\u00f2n: ASTM A276 (general), ASTM A479 (for pressure service).<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u00e8n\/Flange: ASTM A182 \u2013 F51 (S31803), F60 (S32205), F53 (S32750), F55 (S32760).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n: ASTM A815.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n kh\u00ed chua: ISO 15156\/NACE MR0175 \u2013 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n H2S, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7: ASTM G48 (Method A\/C) \u2013 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00f4 Super Duplex.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/ven bi\u1ec3n: gi\u00e0n l\u1ea1nh, \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, b\u01a1m, van, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (2205 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp; 2507 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed\/ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng topside, \u1ed1ng coil, manifold, fastener ch\u1ecbu chloride.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t\/gi\u1ea5y &#038; b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y: b\u1ed3n, agitator, washer, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng dung d\u1ecbch clo\/NaClO.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc\/kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n: RO, SWRO, b\u1ed3n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, khung skid.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ven bi\u1ec3n: k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, lan can, bul\u00f4ng neo ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1i m\u00f9 (lean duplex l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng CIP c\u00f3 Cl-: 2304\/2205 thay 316L khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 CIP cao v\u00e0 Cl- \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-huong-dan-chon-mac-theo-moi-truong-chloride-thuc-h\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride (th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhanh)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Cl- th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh (n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y, <200 ppm; T \u226460\u00b0C):\n  - Lean Duplex (LDX2101\/2304) ho\u1eb7c 316L n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Lean Duplex cho \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng SCC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\n- Cl- trung b\u00ecnh\u2013cao (n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, 200\u20131000 ppm; T \u226480\u201390\u00b0C):\n  - 2205 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c \u201cchu\u1ea9n\u201d nh\u1edd PREN ~35, kh\u00e1ng SCC t\u1ed1t, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh cao.\n- N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (~19.000 ppm) ho\u1eb7c Cl- r\u1ea5t cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng:\n  - Super Duplex 2507\/S32760. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u1ebd h\u1edf, t\u1ea3i cao, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 >40\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed\/axit m\u1ea1nh (kh\u00f4ng oxy h\u00f3a):<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc austenit si\u00eau h\u1ee3p kim (254SMO, 904L) thay v\u00ec Duplex.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c >250\u00b0C: tr\u00e1nh Duplex.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp s\u00e2u, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng trang tr\u00ed cao c\u1ea5p: austenit 304\/316 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-chi-phi-ton-kho-luu-y-khi-dat-mua-tai-ha-noi\">Chi ph\u00ed &#038; t\u1ed3n kho: l\u01b0u \u00fd khi \u0111\u1eb7t mua t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Duplex ch\u1ee9a Ni th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 316 \u2192 \u00edt bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 theo niken; tuy nhi\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gia c\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng n\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m No.1\/2B: d\u00e0y 3\u201350 mm (2205), 3\u201330 mm (2304), 4\u201350 mm (2507).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng pipe: SCH10\/40 theo ASTM A790\/A928; \u1ed1ng tube theo A789.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thanh tr\u00f2n: \u03a610\u2013200 mm theo A276\/A479.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1eb7t b\u00edch\/ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n: A182 F51\/F53\/F55, A815.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 &#038; ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<br \/>\n  &#8211; MTC 3.1 theo EN 10204, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, Ferrite % sau h\u00e0n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<br \/>\n  &#8211; PMI x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u00e1c; th\u1eed G48 cho Super Duplex theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, pickling\/passivation sau gia c\u00f4ng; NDT cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox Duplex c\u00f3 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3, do ch\u1ee9a pha ferit. L\u1ef1c h\u00fat kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u201ck\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; S31803 v\u00e0 S32205 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec?<br \/>\n  &#8211; S32205 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n; th\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf S31803 trong h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 Duplex?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebd h\u1edf b\u1ea9n, nhi\u1ec7t cao, ho\u1eb7c song kim v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\/c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 309L\/309Mo) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n song kim, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n\/tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-khi-nao-nen-chon-duplex-thay-304316\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Duplex thay 304\/316?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chloride \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1eeba\u2013cao, c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y cao v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi\/chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng: Duplex gi\u1ea3m thay th\u1ebf do r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf so v\u1edbi 316 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi quy c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: 2205\/2304 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho \u1ed1ng, t\u1ea5m, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Inox Duplex l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh\u201d gi\u1eefa hai h\u1ecd ferit v\u00e0 austenit: b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y cao, kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t chloride v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi 304\/316, v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n nh\u1edd h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni th\u1ea5p. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo PREN v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: 2304\/LDX2101 cho n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p kinh t\u1ebf, 2205 cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride kh\u1eaft khe th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, 2507\/S32760 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c Cl- c\u1ef1c cao. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u2264250\u00b0C, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0n (nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n, kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, pickling) v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (ASTM A240, A789, A790, A182, A815). V\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00fang, Duplex \u0111em l\u1ea1i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Inox Duplex t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 2 pha \u0111\u1ebfn \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, PREN, h\u00e0n, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t, so s\u00e1nh 304\/316 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c m\u00e1c 2304, 2205, 2507.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1012,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1133","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1133"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1133\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1012"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}