{"id":1135,"date":"2025-10-02T12:35:12","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T05:35:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/bang-xep-hang-mac-inox-theo-kha-nang-chong-an-mon-chuan-pren\/"},"modified":"2025-10-02T12:35:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T05:35:12","slug":"bang-xep-hang-mac-inox-theo-kha-nang-chong-an-mon-chuan-pren","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/bang-xep-hang-mac-inox-theo-kha-nang-chong-an-mon-chuan-pren\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng m\u00e1c inox theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (chu\u1ea9n PREN)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-co-so-xep-hang-cac-dang-an-mon-va-chi-so-pren\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng: c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-thu-hang-tong-hop-theo-kha-nang-chong-an-mon\">Th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-xep-hang-theo-moi-truong-su-dung-cu-the\">X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-pren-dien-hinh-va-thanh-phan-cac-mac-pho-bien-tai-\">PREN \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u2013 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i VN<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-nguong-clorua-khuyen-nghi-theo-nhiet-do-tham-khao-\">Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng clorua khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (tham kh\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-huong-dan-chon-nhanh-theo-du-an\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-thuc-te-viet-nam-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng m\u00e1c inox theo ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf, \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 li\u00ean tinh, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ee9c tranh \u201cPh\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-co-so-xep-hang-cac-dang-an-mon-va-chi-so-pren\">C\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng: c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf (pitting\/crevice): th\u01b0\u1eddng do ion Cl\u2212; l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n, b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i, RO, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m khi v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1eb1ng clo.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t do clorua (SCC): austenit (304\/316\/201) nh\u1ea1y h\u01a1n; ferrit v\u00e0 duplex kh\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh (IGC) sau h\u00e0n: x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ecb \u201csensitize\u201d do C k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cr-carbide. M\u00e1c L (C th\u1ea5p) ho\u1eb7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e1 Ti\/Nb (321\/347, 439\/444) kh\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 (galvanic): ch\u00eanh th\u1ebf khi gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon, nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ed3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/m\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n<h3>PREN l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: PREN \u2248 %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy t\u1eafc ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; PREN < 20: ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4\/\u00edt clorua.\n  - 20\u201326: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac c\u00f3 clorua, c\u00e1ch xa bi\u1ec3n.\n  - 26\u201336: n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n nh\u1eb9\/ven bi\u1ec3n\/ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac clorua th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.\n  - >36: n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n sinh h\u1ecdc, k\u1ebd h\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: PREN kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh SCC\/IGC, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gia c\u00f4ng, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9; nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-thu-hang-tong-hop-theo-kha-nang-chong-an-mon\">Th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u201ct\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\u201d d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PREN, SCC, IGC v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i VN. T\u1eebng nh\u00f3m k\u00e8m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ea1ng 1 \u2013 Si\u00eau ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (PREN > 40)<br \/>\n  &#8211; 2507 (UNS S32750), Super Duplex; 254SMO (UNS S31254 \u2013 6Mo); Zeron 100 (S32760).<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng cho: n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, v\u00f9ng t\u00e1p s\u00f3ng\/m\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7n, h\u1ec7 RO\/high-ppm Cl\u2212, k\u1ebd h\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u00e0 SCC xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n\/ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ea1ng 2 \u2013 R\u1ea5t cao (PREN ~34\u201336)<br \/>\n  &#8211; 2205 Duplex (S32205\/S31803), 904L (N08904).<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng cho: ven bi\u1ec3n, m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i\/lan can\/coastal facade, b\u1ed3n\/\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, axit sulfuric lo\u00e3ng (904L nh\u1edd Cu).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: kh\u00e1ng SCC t\u1ed1t (2205 > 904L); chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n super duplex. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: gia c\u00f4ng\/h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n th\u1ee3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi 2205).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ea1ng 3 \u2013 Cao (PREN ~23\u201326)<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L (S31600\/S31603), 316Ti, 444 (S44400 \u2013 ferrit Mo, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Nb\/Ti).<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng cho: ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3n >5\u201310 km; thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m; khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 SO2\/NOx; b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt (ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t clo).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: 316\/316L ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, d\u1ec5 mua; 444 kh\u00e1ng SCC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 316. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: 316 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb r\u1ed7 khi Cl\u2212 cao\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ea1ng 4 \u2013 Trung b\u00ecnh (PREN ~17\u201320)<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L (S30400\/S30403), 321 (S32100 \u2013 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti), 430 (S43000), 439 (S43035).<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng cho: n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, b\u1ebfp, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong nh\u00e0; ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi xa bi\u1ec3n, tho\u00e1ng kh\u00f4; t\u1ea5m trang tr\u00ed.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: kinh t\u1ebf, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng; 321\/439\/444 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro IGC sau h\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: 304\/430 d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7 \u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bi\u1ec3n\/\u0111\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ea1ng 5 \u2013 Th\u1ea5p (PREN \u2264 ~18 v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea1y SCC)<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 (S20100 \u2013 austenit \u201cthay Ni b\u1eb1ng Mn\/N\u201d), 409\/410\/420 (martensit\/ferrit Cr th\u1ea5p), 17-4PH (S17400).<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng cho: chi ti\u1ebft trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t; \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng kinh t\u1ebf; nhi\u1ec7t cao kh\u00f4 (409\/410).<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: 201, 410, 420 k\u1ef5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua \u1ea9m; 17-4PH b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 316.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-xep-hang-theo-moi-truong-su-dung-cu-the\">X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n<h3>Kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb\/n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n (xa bi\u1ec3n)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ed1t: 304\/304L, 321, 430\/439 cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i-ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi c\u00f3 m\u01b0a axit\/\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m: 316\/316L, 444.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e0ng nh\u1eb5n c\u00e0ng b\u1ec1n (No.2B\/BA\/#8 > No.4 > hairline > bead-blast).<\/p>\n<h3>Ven bi\u1ec3n, s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1ea3o<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u: 316L ho\u1eb7c 444 cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi c\u00e1ch b\u1edd 1\u20135 km, ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1t: 2205 ho\u1eb7c 904L cho khu v\u1ef1c s\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n, lan can, \u1ed1c v\u00edt, m\u00e1i che, khu ngh\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (t\u00e1p s\u00f3ng, c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5m \u1ea9m): 2507\/254SMO.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a clo: b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i, RO, v\u1ec7 sinh CIP<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304: ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p clo r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi NaOCl\/HCl.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/444: an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i trong nh\u00e0\/n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t >30\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2205\/904L: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng RO, b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 Clo cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2507\/254SMO: v\u00f9ng high-ppm Cl\u2212, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, RO brine, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m &#038; \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L: tank, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, b\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c; tr\u00e1nh mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdng l\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L: s\u1eefa, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i\/acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2205\/904L: n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eadm, s\u1ed1t m\u1eb7n, v\u1ec7 sinh clo th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9\/axit<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Acid sulfuric lo\u00e3ng\/axit phosphoric: 904L th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n 316 (nh\u1edd Cu).<br \/>\n&#8211; Clo v\u00e0 halide h\u1eefu c\u01a1: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 2205\/2507\/254SMO.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec1m: h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft inox austenit t\u1ed1t; tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<\/p>\n<h3>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: ch\u1ecdn 304L\/316L ho\u1eb7c 321\/347; v\u1edbi ferrit d\u00f9ng 439\/444 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng IGC.<br \/>\n&#8211; Oxy ho\u00e1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao kh\u00f4: 309\/310 (kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n s\u00e2u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y); 409\/410 d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u00f4 t\u00f4 nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-pren-dien-hinh-va-thanh-phan-cac-mac-pho-bien-tai-\">PREN \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u2013 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i VN<\/h2>\n<p>(Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh; nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.)<br \/>\n&#8211; 201 (S20100): Cr 16\u201317, Ni 3.5\u20135.5, Mo ~0, N 0.15\u20130.25 \u2192 PREN ~16\u201318.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 (S30400)\/304L (S30403): Cr 18\u201319, Ni 8\u201310.5, Mo ~0, N \u22640.1 \u2192 PREN ~18\u201320.<br \/>\n&#8211; 321 (S32100): t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 304 + Ti \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2192 PREN ~18\u201319 (IGC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304).<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (S43000): Cr 16\u201317, Mo ~0 \u2192 PREN ~16\u201318.<br \/>\n&#8211; 439 (S43035): Cr ~17.5, Nb\/Ti \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2192 PREN ~17\u201319.<br \/>\n&#8211; 444 (S44400): Cr ~18, Mo 1.8\u20132.5, Ti\/Nb \u2192 PREN ~24\u201326.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316 (S31600)\/316L (S31603)\/316Ti: Cr 16.5\u201318, Ni 10\u201313, Mo 2\u20132.5, N 0\u20130.1 \u2192 PREN ~23\u201325.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2205 Duplex (S32205): Cr ~22, Ni ~5.5, Mo ~3.2, N ~0.17\u20130.22 \u2192 PREN ~34\u201336.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L (N08904): Cr ~20, Ni ~24\u201326, Mo ~4.3\u20135, Cu ~1.2, N ~0.02 \u2192 PREN ~34\u201336.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2507 Super Duplex (S32750): Cr ~25, Ni ~7, Mo ~4, N ~0.27 \u2192 PREN ~41\u201345.<br \/>\n&#8211; 254SMO (S31254 \u2013 6Mo): Cr ~20, Ni ~18, Mo ~6, N ~0.2 \u2192 PREN ~42\u201346.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420 (martensit): Cr 12\u201313 (410), 12\u201314 (420), Mo ~0 \u2192 PREN ~12\u201314.<br \/>\n&#8211; 17-4PH (S17400): Cr ~15\u201317, Mo ~0 \u2192 PREN ~16\u201317.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-nguong-clorua-khuyen-nghi-theo-nhiet-do-tham-khao-\">Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng clorua khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (tham kh\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf)<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ede 20\u201325\u00b0C, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n, tho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<br \/>\n&#8211; 304\/321: <200 ppm Cl\u2212.\n- 316\/316L\/444: <1,000 ppm Cl\u2212.\n- 2205\/904L: ~1,000\u20133,500 ppm Cl\u2212.\n- 2507\/254SMO: ~3,500\u201320,000+ ppm Cl\u2212.\n\nL\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng:\n- Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng 10\u00b0C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ecbu Cl\u2212 \u0111i 30\u201350%.\n- K\u1ebd h\u1edf, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4, b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n sinh h\u1ecdc, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7.\n- Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, v\u1ec7 sinh n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ee5 gia\u201d gia t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-huong-dan-chon-nhanh-theo-du-an\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4 \u2192 304\/430\/201; ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u2192 304\/316; ven bi\u1ec3n \u2192 316\/444 tr\u1edf l\u00ean; s\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n\/bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m \u2192 2205\/904L; t\u00e1p s\u00f3ng \u2192 2507\/254SMO.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: >50\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 Clo \u2192 t\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u\/IGC lo ng\u1ea1i: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304L\/316L\/321\/439\/444.<br \/>\n&#8211; SCC c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: 444 ho\u1eb7c duplex (2205\/2507) t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch: 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng +20\u201340% so v\u1edbi 304; 2205 +60\u2013100%; 904L ~+100\u2013150%; 2507\/254SMO cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa (t\u00f9y th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MTC (Mill Test Certificate), PMI; ki\u1ec3m tra Mo (thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Moly) khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304\/316; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/JIS\/EN ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (t\u1ea5m A240, \u1ed1ng A312, thanh A276; JIS SUS; UNS\/EN).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-thuc-te-viet-nam-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam: l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng 201 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/ven bi\u1ec3n: d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7 n\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng. Tr\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c che ch\u1eafn, v\u1ec7 sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean; t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean 316\/444.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m 201\/430 v\u1edbi 304: d\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd (201 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb sau gia c\u00f4ng). N\u00ean test Mo, PMI v\u00e0 xem MTC.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t No.4\/hairline \u1edf bi\u1ec3n: v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i \u2192 r\u1ed7 nhanh. Ch\u1ecdn BA\/2B \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, h\u00e0n s\u1ea1ch, pickling &#038; passivation sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p d\u1ecb kim: c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n khi gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon\/nh\u00f4m\/\u0111\u1ed3ng; d\u00f9ng long \u0111en nylon, s\u01a1n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, tr\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y r\u1eeda: tr\u00e1nh HCl\/NaOCl \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c; d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y pH trung t\u00ednh, r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 lau kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n theo PREN v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa 201\/430\/304, nh\u00f3m 316\/444, nh\u00f3m 2205\/904L v\u00e0 si\u00eau v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2507\/254SMO.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Cl\u2212, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebd h\u1edf, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n. Quy t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n: n\u1ebfu g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 316\/444; n\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7n\/n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n \u1ea5m, chuy\u1ec3n sang 2205\/904L ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng clorua n\u00eau tr\u00ean, k\u00e8m ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng inox theo ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PREN v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng. G\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn 304, 316, 2205, 904L, 2507\/254SMO cho \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1135"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1135\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}