{"id":1137,"date":"2025-10-03T00:34:57","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T17:34:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-biet-inox-201-304-316-430-bang-mat-thuong-va-thu-nhanh\/"},"modified":"2025-10-03T00:34:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T17:34:57","slug":"phan-biet-inox-201-304-316-430-bang-mat-thuong-va-thu-nhanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-biet-inox-201-304-316-430-bang-mat-thuong-va-thu-nhanh\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Inox 201, 304, 316, 430 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eed nhanh"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-nhom-mac-inox-thong-dung-va-dac-trung-can-nho\">Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1c inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-quy-trinh-5-buoc-phan-biet-nhanh-tai-hien-truong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-chi-tiet-cac-thu-nghiem-ky-vong-va-luu-y-sai-so\">Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd sai s\u1ed1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-nhan-dien-thuc-te-theo-tung-mac-pho-bien\">Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf theo t\u1eebng m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-so-do-quyet-dinh-nhanh-field-decision-tree\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh (field decision tree)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-cac-yeu-to-gay-sai-so-va-cach-khac-phuc\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y sai s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-bo-dung-cu-toi-thieu-cho-xuong\">B\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-vi-du-thuc-te-nhanh\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-an-toan-khi-thu-nghiem\">An to\u00e0n khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft inox 201, 304, 316, 430 (k\u00e8m 410\/420) b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00e0i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-nhom-mac-inox-thong-dung-va-dac-trung-can-nho\">Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1c inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic (200\/300 series): kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u: 201 (Ni th\u1ea5p, Mn cao, ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n), 304, 316 (c\u00f3 Mo ~2\u20132.5%, ch\u1ed1ng clorua t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic (400 series \u2013 430): t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic (410\/420): t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n; d\u00f9ng cho dao, tr\u1ee5c, chi ti\u1ebft c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i VN:<br \/>\n&#8211; 201: lan can n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0, \u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, ven bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430: \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed, khung t\u1ee7, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420: dao, khu\u00f4n, tr\u1ee5c, chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-quy-trinh-5-buoc-phan-biet-nhanh-tai-hien-truong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft, k\u00fd m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00ecm in\/kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean m\u00e9p cu\u1ed9n\/t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng: \u201cSUS304\/TP304\/304L\/316\/201\/430\/410\u2026\u201d, heat\/lot number, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh quy th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: 2B (m\u1edd x\u00e1m), BA (b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng), HL\/No.4 (x\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecbn). L\u01b0u \u00fd: lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m (\u01b0u ti\u00ean nam ch\u00e2m Neodymium nh\u1ecf)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00fat m\u1ea1nh, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t: 430, 410\/420, ho\u1eb7c Duplex (\u00edt g\u1eb7p).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00fat r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat: 304, 316; 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i h\u00fat khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i\/g\u1ea5p m\u00e9p.<br \/>\nM\u1eb9o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m (\u00edt bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng) v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n m\u00e9p\/h\u00e0n (d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng sinh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1eebng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m: 304 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201ch\u01a1i h\u00fat\u201d, trong khi 201 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5% (ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201\/430 v\u1edbi 304\/316)<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ec9 trong clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb: dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i \u0103n 5% NaCl, b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m, b\u0103ng d\u00ednh gi\u1ea5y, kh\u0103n s\u1ea1ch, c\u1ed3n\/acetone \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m:<br \/>\n  1) L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch khu v\u1ef1c th\u1eed (v\u1ebft s\u1eaft l\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u201cr\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3\u201d).<br \/>\n  2) D\u00e1n khoanh b\u0103ng d\u00ednh t\u1ea1o \u201c\u00f4 th\u1eed\u201d, nh\u1ecf 1\u20132 gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch.<br \/>\n  3) \u0110\u1eady che b\u1ee5i, \u0111\u1ec3 24 gi\u1edd trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201, 430: th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1m n\u00e2u sau 12\u201324 gi\u1edd, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u01b0\u1edbc HL\/No.4.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5m r\u1ea5t m\u1ecbn n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316: kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed n\u00e0y.<br \/>\nK\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y:<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu r\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t: nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 201 ho\u1eb7c 430.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9: nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 304 ho\u1eb7c 316.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Th\u1eed Mo (ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u00e0 316)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 th\u1eed Molybdenum (Mo spot test) th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. C\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  1) C\u1ea1o nh\u1eb9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 kim lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1i.<br \/>\n  2) Nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed l\u00ean v\u00f9ng c\u1ea1o.<br \/>\n  3) Quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0u theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kit (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng khi c\u00f3 Mo).<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3 Mo: 316\/316L (\u0111\u00f4i khi 317, Duplex).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Mo: 304\/304L, 201, 430, 410\/420.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh 430 v\u1edbi 410\/420 (n\u1ebfu B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 cho t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1eed d\u0169a\/hardness:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 420\/410 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i: r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, d\u0169a \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0103n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u0103n r\u1ea5t \u00edt; 430 m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n, d\u0169a \u0103n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed tia l\u1eeda tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 410\/420: tia d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u201cb\u00f4ng\u201d nh\u1ecf do carbon cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: tia ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, \u00edt b\u00f4ng.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n: \u0111eo k\u00ednh, g\u0103ng, tr\u00e1nh b\u1eaft l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-chi-tiet-cac-thu-nghiem-ky-vong-va-luu-y-sai-so\">Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd sai s\u1ed1<\/h2>\n<h3>1) Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m: k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1eaby th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh theo nh\u00f3m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1ea1nh: 430, 410\/420.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng: 304, 316; 201 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i h\u00fat n\u1ebfu gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1eaby:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng do u\u1ed1n\/c\u00e1n\/h\u00e0n l\u00e0m 304 \u201ch\u01a1i h\u00fat\u201d \u2192 \u0111\u1eebng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex (\u00edt g\u1eb7p \u1edf x\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng) c\u0169ng h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u2192 c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1eed Mo v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h3>2) Th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5%: c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c: h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u00e9p cacbon, g\u1ec9 c\u0169, v\u1ee5n s\u1eaft t\u1eeb k\u1eb9p g\u00e1 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y r\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ean 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng BA ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n HL khi th\u1eed; so s\u00e1nh trong c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eddi gian: t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 12\u201324 gi\u1edd; 48 gi\u1edd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Th\u1eed Mo (ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304\/316): \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: nhanh, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 316 c\u00f3 Mo so v\u1edbi 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: l\u00e0m tr\u00ean kim lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1i; \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0u theo \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ed9 kit. Tr\u00e1nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb passivate m\u1ea1nh ch\u01b0a c\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<h3>4) Th\u1eed tia l\u1eeda (spark test) v\u1edbi m\u00e1y m\u00e0i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/316 (austenitic): tia ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ecf cam, \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (ferritic): tia \u00edt h\u01a1n th\u00e9p cacbon, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420 (martensitic): tia s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f4ng do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng; ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i, l\u1ef1c t\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<h3>5) Th\u1eed d\u0169a\/c\u01b0a (\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 420\/410 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng: kh\u00f3 c\u01b0a\/d\u0169a. 430\/201\/304\/316: gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n (tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<h3>6) Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat (CuSO4) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i inox\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00e9p cacbon m\u1ea1\/gi\u1ea3 inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m: nh\u1ecf CuSO4 10% l\u00ean kim lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1eeba c\u1ea1o; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng b\u00e1m nhanh \u2192 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eaft tr\u1ea7n (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i inox). Inox th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng CuSO4 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-nhan-dien-thuc-te-theo-tung-mac-pho-bien\">Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf theo t\u1eebng m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<h3>Inox 201\/202<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: Ni th\u1ea5p, Mn cao; gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb; ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304\/316, nh\u1ea1y clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: nam ch\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat ho\u1eb7c h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 khi m\u00e9p\/\u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng; th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1m r\u1ec9 sau 24 gi\u1edd.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0; kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i.<\/p>\n<h3>Inox 304\/304L<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: austenitic \u201cchu\u1ea9n\u201d, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng; 304L ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m C, kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng th\u1eed nhanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m (tr\u1eeb v\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng), kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9 trong th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5% 24\u201348 gi\u1edd, th\u1eed Mo \u00e2m t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h3>Inox 316\/316L<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: c\u00f3 Mo ~2\u20132.5%, ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 pitting k\u00e9m clorua t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 304 v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh; th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9; th\u1eed Mo d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: ven bi\u1ec3n, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride.<\/p>\n<h3>Inox 430<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: ferritic, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh, gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ec9; tia l\u1eeda \u00edt b\u00f4ng h\u01a1n 410\/420; d\u0169a d\u1ec5.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4, chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac clorua.<\/p>\n<h3>Inox 410\/420<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: martensitic, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng cao; ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u: nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 d\u0169a; th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ec9; tia l\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f4ng h\u01a1n 430.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: dao c\u1ee5, tr\u1ee5c, chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-so-do-quyet-dinh-nhanh-field-decision-tree\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh (field decision tree)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B1 Nam ch\u00e2m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00fat m\u1ea1nh \u2192 Sang B5 (ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh 430 vs 410\/420).<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00fat nh\u1eb9\/kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat \u2192 Sang B2.<br \/>\n&#8211; B2 Th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5% (24\u201348 gi\u1edd):<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3 r\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u2192 201 ho\u1eb7c 430. N\u1ebfu B1 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat\/\u00edt h\u00fat \u2192 \u01b0u ti\u00ean 201; n\u1ebfu h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh \u2192 430.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9 \u2192 304 ho\u1eb7c 316 \u2192 Sang B3.<br \/>\n&#8211; B3 Th\u1eed Mo:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh \u2192 316\/316L.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u00c2m t\u00ednh \u2192 304\/304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; B5 Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh 430 vs 410\/420:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u0169a d\u1ec5, tia l\u1eeda \u00edt b\u00f4ng \u2192 430.<br \/>\n  &#8211; R\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng khi d\u0169a, tia l\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f4ng \u2192 410\/420 (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu chi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0 dao\/tr\u1ee5c).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-cac-yeu-to-gay-sai-so-va-cach-khac-phuc\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y sai s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft ch\u00e9o: k\u1eb9p g\u00e1, ch\u1ed5i th\u00e9p cacbon, h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i l\u00e0m 304\/316 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u201cr\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3\u201d. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed3n, t\u1ea9y c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, th\u1eed tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng m\u1edbi c\u1ea1o.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng do u\u1ed1n\/h\u00e0n: l\u00e0m 304 h\u01a1i h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: th\u1eed \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: No.4\/HL nh\u00e1m d\u1ec5 gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p; so s\u00e1nh trong c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n: 410\/420 sau t\u00f4i kh\u00e1c xa khi \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u1ea9m, gi\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ec9; gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0ng d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n sai: lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p 2\u20133 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-bo-dung-cu-toi-thieu-cho-xuong\">B\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m Neodymium nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed9 th\u1eed Mo (spot test) \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i 5\u201310%, b\u0103ng d\u00ednh, c\u1ed3n\/acetone, kh\u0103n s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u0169a th\u00e9p t\u1ed1t, m\u00e1y m\u00e0i c\u1ea7m tay v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i m\u1ecbn (k\u00e8m PPE).<br \/>\n&#8211; Dao c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf kim lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1i, k\u00ednh l\u00fap.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn: dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 10% \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng; th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eb7p, c\u00e2n, s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-vi-du-thuc-te-nhanh\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lan can ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 sau 2\u20133 th\u00e1ng, nghi d\u00f9ng 201 thay 304:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 \u1edf m\u00e9p g\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5% 24 gi\u1edd: xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: 201; khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb thay 304 ho\u1eb7c 316 cho ven bi\u1ec3n\/h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eb7t b\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304\/316:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m: kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i: kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1eed Mo: d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: 316.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-an-toan-khi-thu-nghiem\">An to\u00e0n khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110eo k\u00ednh, g\u0103ng, kh\u1ea9u trang khi m\u00e0i\/\u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t (Mo kit, CuSO4), l\u00e0m theo MSDS, tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac da\/m\u1eaft, c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thu gom ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox 201, 304, 316, 430 (v\u00e0 410\/420) t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p 3 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao: nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac; th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5% \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch nh\u00f3m ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t (304\/316) v\u1edbi k\u00e9m h\u01a1n (201\/430); v\u00e0 th\u1eed Mo \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 316. B\u1ed5 sung d\u0169a v\u00e0 tia l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch 430 v\u1edbi 410\/420. Lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft ch\u00e9o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed. V\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nhanh, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft inox 201, 304, 316, 430 b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m, th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5%, th\u1eed Mo, tia l\u1eeda v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho x\u01b0\u1edfng. Quy tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc, sai s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1066,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1137","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1137"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1137\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}