{"id":1146,"date":"2025-10-05T12:34:34","date_gmt":"2025-10-05T05:34:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/lua-chon-inox-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc-tieu-chi-va-mac-thep-chuan\/"},"modified":"2025-10-05T12:34:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-05T05:34:34","slug":"lua-chon-inox-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc-tieu-chi-va-mac-thep-chuan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/lua-chon-inox-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc-tieu-chi-va-mac-thep-chuan\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn inox cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c: ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p chu\u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-tieu-chi-chiu-luc-khac-voi-chon-inox-trang-\">V\u00ec sao ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u201cch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c\u201d kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn inox trang tr\u00ed?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-nhung-tieu-chi-ky-thuat-can-quan-tam-theo-thu-tu-n\">Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m (theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00ean x\u00e9t)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-mac-inox-khuyen-nghi-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc-theo-boi\">M\u00e1c inox khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c (theo b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-thiet-ke-va-kiem-chung-nhung-diem-ky-su-can-tinh\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng: nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ket-noi-lien-ket-va-chi-tiet\">K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-be-mat-va-hoan-thien\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-quy-trinh-chon-nhanh-5-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn nhanh (5 b\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-vi-du-thuc-te-rut-gon\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u00fat g\u1ecdn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nhung-sai-lam-pho-bien-can-tranh\">Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-chi-phi-va-tinh-san-co-tai-thi-truong\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn inox cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u201c304 hay 316\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u an to\u00e0n, b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n, ki\u1ec3u t\u1ea3i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n \u2013 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e1c th\u00e9p n\u00ean d\u00f9ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn nhanh cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u, x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-tieu-chi-chiu-luc-khac-voi-chon-inox-trang-\">V\u00ec sao ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u201cch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c\u201d kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn inox trang tr\u00ed?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecbu u\u1ed1n\/n\u00e9n\/c\u1eaft, m\u1ecfi, rung, nhi\u1ec7t; sai s\u00f3t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng\/h\u1ed9p inox trang tr\u00ed (A554) ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0n cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c minh ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00fang m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n \u2013 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-nhung-tieu-chi-ky-thuat-can-quan-tam-theo-thu-tu-n\">Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m (theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00ean x\u00e9t)<\/h2>\n<h3>1) M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 clo\/ion Cl-: c\u00e0ng cao (ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mu\u1ed1i) c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n PREN cao ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam Mo\/N (316L, duplex 2205).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: pitting\/crevice (khe), SCC \u2013 n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clo \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 >60\u00b0C. Duplex ch\u1ed1ng SCC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n austenitic 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01af\u1edbt\/kh\u00f4, l\u1eafng mu\u1ed1i\/b\u1ee5i, \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc khe, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN tham kh\u1ea3o: PREN \u2248 %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: ~16\u201318 (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Mo) \u2013 ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4, trong nh\u00e0.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L: ~18\u201319 \u2013 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, xa bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L: ~24\u201326 (c\u00f3 2\u20132.5% Mo) \u2013 ven bi\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1i m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex 2205: ~34\u201336 \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n\/Cl- cao, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>2) C\u01a1 t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y Rp0.2 (MPa): quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu u\u1ed1n\/n\u00e9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea3y.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: ~275\u2013380; 304\/316: ~205\u2013310; 2205: ~450\u2013550.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ee9t Rm (MPa): 201\/304\/316 ~ 515\u2013720; 2205 ~ 620\u2013880.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i E (GPa): austenitic \u2248 193; duplex\/ferritic \u2248 200. L\u01b0u \u00fd E inox austenitic th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon \u2192 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 dai va \u0111\u1eadp \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: 304\/316 t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (t\u1edbi -196\u00b0C). Duplex c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi -50\u00b0C n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (buckling): c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t m\u1ea3nh m\u1ecfng t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng; ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, g\u00e2n t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Ki\u1ec3u t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea3i t\u0129nh: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y\/u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng\/m\u1ecfi: k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ea7u thang, gi\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00e1y, tay v\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu rung \u2013 ch\u00fa \u00fd chi ti\u1ebft h\u00e0n (v\u1ebft khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd m\u1ecfi).<br \/>\n&#8211; Va \u0111\u1eadp\/\u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t: \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 dai cao, tr\u00e1nh ferritic r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cao: >400\u00b0C c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 321\/347 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb), 309\/310S cho nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1ea5p: 304\/316 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1edbi -196\u00b0C; tr\u00e1nh ferritic\/duplex n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u dai va \u0111\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<h3>4) Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn L-grade (304L\/316L) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m k\u1ebft tinh (sensitization) v\u00e0 SCC; d\u00f9ng que\/d\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch: 308L cho 304, 316L\/316LSi cho 316, 2209 cho duplex 2205.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0n: AWS D1.6 cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u inox; quy tr\u00ecnh WPS\/PQR b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (pickling), th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation) lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u00e0u \u00f4xy h\u00f3a \u2013 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n khe: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p k\u00edn, h\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, tr\u00e1nh khe h\u1edf gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i\/n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3>5) Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/thanh: ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m), A276 (thanh), EN 10088-2.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c: ASTM A312 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c), EN 10217; \u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed: ASTM A554 (ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng khi \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y).<br \/>\n&#8211; Bu l\u00f4ng: ISO 3506 (A2-70, A4-70, A4-80).<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u inox: EN 1993-1-4 (Eurocode 3 \u2013 ph\u1ea7n inox) l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn EN\/ASTM.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lu\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MTC 3.1, ki\u1ec3m tra PMI v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 t\u00ednh khi h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-mac-inox-khuyen-nghi-cho-ket-cau-chiu-luc-theo-boi\">M\u00e1c inox khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c (theo b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng clo, t\u1ea3i v\u1eeba: 304\/304L; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 201 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cho c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb (xa bi\u1ec3n >10\u201315 km): 304\/304L; t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n, khu v\u1ef1c phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i, b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i: 316\/316L. Ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn (No.2B, bead-blast m\u1ecbn), tr\u00e1nh khe; b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clo cao\/n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: duplex 2205 \u2013 cho c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng SCC; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t cao: 321\/347 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cacbit) ho\u1eb7c 310S\/309S t\u00f9y m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t; tham chi\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Cryogenic: 304L\/316L.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-thiet-ke-va-kiem-chung-nhung-diem-ky-su-can-tinh\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng: nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<h3>1) S\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; S\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng u\u1ed1n Mpl,Rd v\u00e0 c\u1eaft Vpl,Rd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Rp0.2 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9t\/d\u1ea7m (buckling flexural, lateral-torsional): inox austenitic c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u1ee9ng x\u1eed kh\u00e1c th\u00e9p carbon; d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m theo EN 1993-1-4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Slenderness b\u1ea3n m\u1ecfng: t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, d\u00f9ng g\u00e2n t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng m\u00f4 men qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h3>2) \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng v\u00e0 rung<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; E th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u2192 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng l\u1edbn: v\u1edbi d\u1ea7m nh\u1ecbp d\u00e0i, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng m\u00f4 \u0111un ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n\/Z ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng duplex (E\u2248200 GPa) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra rung cho s\u00e0n, c\u1ea7u thang, d\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00e1y; \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee1\/gi\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<h3>3) M\u1ecfi<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn chi ti\u1ebft h\u00e0n \u201cm\u1ec1m\u201d, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, m\u00e0i nh\u1eb5n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu k\u00e9o; tr\u00e1nh khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng S\u2013N cho inox theo EN ho\u1eb7c IIW; v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u1ecfi cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<h3>4) \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tra bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9\/\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng theo nhi\u1ec7t; stainless gi\u1eef b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon (ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eabn gi\u1ea3m theo nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t austenitic ~16\u201317\u00d710^-6\/K: xem x\u00e9t khe gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ket-noi-lien-ket-va-chi-tiet\">K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0n: quy tr\u00ecnh WPS\/PQR theo AWS D1.6; ki\u1ec3m tra NDT (VT\/PT, c\u1ea7n th\u00ec RT\/UT) cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 304L\/316L \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bu l\u00f4ng\/\u0111ai \u1ed1c: A2-70 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 304), A4-70\/A4-80 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 316). C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n khi gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (\u0111\u1ec7m nylon\/PTFE, s\u01a1n c\u00e1ch ly).<br \/>\n&#8211; Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00e0n k\u00edn tr\u00e1nh khe; n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng bu l\u00f4ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u00e1m mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-be-mat-va-hoan-thien\">B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng No.1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u1ea9n; 2B ho\u1eb7c bead-blast m\u1ecbn cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n, d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n; v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh ch\u00e0 nh\u00e1m qu\u00e1 th\u00f4 (v\u00e2n s\u00e2u) v\u00ec d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-quy-trinh-chon-nhanh-5-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn nhanh (5 b\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/h2>\n<p>1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo ISO 9223 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n clo: trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<br \/>\n2) Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p s\u01a1 b\u1ed9:<br \/>\n   &#8211; Trong nh\u00e0: 304L (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 201 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p).<br \/>\n   &#8211; Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb: 304L.<br \/>\n   &#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i: 316L.<br \/>\n   &#8211; Clo cao\/n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t: duplex 2205.<br \/>\n   &#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t cao\/th\u1ea5p: 321\/310S ho\u1eb7c 304L\/316L cho cryo.<br \/>\n3) Ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: A240 (t\u1ea5m), A276 (thanh), A312 (\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p\/l\u00e0m k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u), h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf A554 tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 MTC v\u00e0 th\u1eed c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n4) T\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n theo EN 1993-1-4: ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f5ng, m\u1ecfi; t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng (\u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 u\u1ed1n\u2013xo\u1eafn).<br \/>\n5) X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thi c\u00f4ng: WPS\/PQR, v\u1eadt t\u01b0 h\u00e0n, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau h\u00e0n, c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 n\u1ebfu g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-vi-du-thuc-te-rut-gon\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u00fat g\u1ecdn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Khung s\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, r\u1eeda CIP nh\u1eb9, nhi\u1ec7t ~60\u00b0C:<br \/>\n  &#8211; R\u1ee7i ro clo: trung b\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ecdn 316L; t\u1ea5m g\u00e2n A240, \u1ed1ng A312, bu l\u00f4ng A4-70. M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n TIG, pickling+passivation. Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ecfi \u1edf ch\u1ed7 rung m\u00e1y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lan can ven bi\u1ec3n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng (c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3n <5 km):\n  - 304 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb pitting s\u1edbm; ch\u1ecdn 316L \u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p d\u00e0y h\u01a1n, h\u00e0n k\u00edn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t; v\u1ec7 sinh n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd.\n- B\u1ed3n khung \u0111\u1ee1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n:\n  - Ch\u1ecdn duplex 2205 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba ch\u1ed1ng SCC v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y nh\u1edd Rp0.2 cao; que 2209, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh pha sigma.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nhung-sai-lam-pho-bien-can-tranh\">Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng 201\/304 cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00ec \u201cgi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t\u201d \u2192 pitting, n\u1ee9t SCC sau 1\u20132 m\u00f9a h\u00e8.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng A554 cho khung ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 MTC v\u00e0 th\u1eed k\u00e9o \u2192 thi\u1ebfu an to\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u1ed9n inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p \u0111en kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng do E th\u1ea5p \u2192 rung\/\u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-chi-phi-va-tinh-san-co-tai-thi-truong\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 201 r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n; 304\/304L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; 316\/316L cao h\u01a1n ~20\u201340% t\u00f9y th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m; duplex 2205 cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 nh\u1edd gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y\/kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh I\/U inox \u00edt s\u1eb5n, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m h\u00e0n t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p; \u1ed1ng A312 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p d\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng cho khung d\u00e0n. Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng k\u00e8m MTC 3.1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn inox cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, h\u00e3y \u0111i theo chu\u1ed7i: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u2192 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u2192 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh\/v\u00f5ng \u2192 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2192 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. 304L ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb; 316L cho ven bi\u1ec3n\/b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i; duplex 2205 khi c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1eabn kh\u00e1ng clo m\u1ea1nh. Lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo EN 1993-1-4, h\u00e0n theo AWS D1.6 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh. L\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u an to\u00e0n, b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn inox ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c: c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1ecfi, h\u00e0n, \u0103n m\u00f2n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/EN. So s\u00e1nh 201\/304\/316\/2205, l\u01b0u \u00fd theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. K\u00e8m checklist nhanh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1071,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1146"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1146\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}