{"id":1207,"date":"2025-10-21T00:34:25","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T17:34:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/giai-ma-astm-a312-a270-a778-ong-inox-cong-nghiep-chon-loai-nao\/"},"modified":"2025-10-21T00:34:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T17:34:25","slug":"giai-ma-astm-a312-a270-a778-ong-inox-cong-nghiep-chon-loai-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/giai-ma-astm-a312-a270-a778-ong-inox-cong-nghiep-chon-loai-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ASTM A312, A270, A778: \u1ed1ng Inox c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-ba-tieu-chuan-ong-inox-dung-khi-nao\">T\u1ed5ng quan ba ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng Inox: d\u00f9ng khi n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-astm-a312-tieu-chuan-loi-cho-duong-ong-ap-lucqua-t\">ASTM A312 \u2013 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00f5i cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-astm-a270-ong-inox-ve-sinh-cho-sua-fb-duoc\">ASTM A270 \u2013 \u1ed0ng Inox v\u1ec7 sinh cho s\u1eefa, F&#038;B, d\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-astm-a778-ong-han-aswelded-cho-moi-truong-nhe-ap-l\">ASTM A778 \u2013 \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n \u201cas\u2011welded\u201d cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-so-sanh-thuc-te-chon-tieu-chuan-nao-cho-dung\">So s\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u00fang?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-huong-dan-chon-nhanh-theo-ung-dung-pho-bien\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-nhung-thong-so-ky-thuat-ban-can-chot-khi-dat-hang\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1t khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-loi-lua-chon-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-vi-du-thuc-te-tai-nha-may-o-bac-ninhha-noi\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf B\u1eafc Ninh\/H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-cau-hoi-nhanh-dap-gon\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1p g\u1ecdn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u1ed0ng Inox trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng ba nh\u00f3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ASTM A312 (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh), ASTM A270 (\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh ng\u00e0nh s\u1eefa\u2013th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\u2013\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng) v\u00e0 ASTM A778 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n d\u00f9ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 t\u1eebng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, so s\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-ba-tieu-chuan-ong-inox-dung-khi-nao\">T\u1ed5ng quan ba ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng Inox: d\u00f9ng khi n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A312: \u1ed0ng Inox austenitic li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n, d\u00f9ng cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, h\u01a1i, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ASME B31.x.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A270: \u1ed0ng Inox \u201csanitary\u201d cho ng\u00e0nh s\u1eefa, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, d\u01b0\u1ee3c. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch; \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A778: \u1ed0ng Inox h\u00e0n \u201cas-welded\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n, cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p\/kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p. Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, \u1ed1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-astm-a312-tieu-chuan-loi-cho-duong-ong-ap-lucqua-t\">ASTM A312 \u2013 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00f5i cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5: \u0103n m\u00f2n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, HVAC c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 quy ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c: ASME B31.1 (n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u2013 \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n), ASME B31.3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh), B31.9 (t\u00f2a nh\u00e0), t\u00f9y thuy\u1ebft minh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00e1c th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; TP304\/304L: \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; TP316\/316L: ch\u1ecbu clorua t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, CIP nh\u1eb9, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; TP321\/347: ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao nh\u1edd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1c m\u00e1c kh\u00e1c \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n (310S, 904L\u2026) theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng giao h\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng: li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch (SMLS) ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n (ERW\/EFW). M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch (solution annealed) sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: pickled &#038; passivated ho\u1eb7c bright annealed; \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng v\u00e1t h\u00e0n (beveled) cho l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: theo NPS v\u00e0 Schedule ASME B36.19M (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn Sch 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S). \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Sch 10S 304\/316 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng s\u1eb5n kho nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 1\/2&#8243; \u0111\u1ebfn 12&#8243;.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c: th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 100% (eddy current\/ultrasonic) cho t\u1eebng \u1ed1ng; th\u1eed k\u00e9o; th\u1eed d\u1eb9t\/loe n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9: MTR 3.1, truy xu\u1ea5t heat number, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ed5 sung theo \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng: PMI, ferrite weld content, ki\u1ec3m tra li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n (n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-astm-a270-ong-inox-ve-sinh-cho-sua-fb-duoc\">ASTM A270 \u2013 \u1ed0ng Inox v\u1ec7 sinh cho s\u1eefa, F&#038;B, d\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h2>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00e0nh cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n v\u1ec7 sinh cao: s\u1eefa, bia, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, RO\/DI.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch (CIP\/SIP).<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean: 316L (h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ed7 do clorua, t\u1ed1t cho CIP); 304\/304L d\u00f9ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u00edt clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong\/ngo\u00e0i: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong (Ra) th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p; ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng 0,4\u20130,8 \u00b5m t\u00f9y c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Ra theo h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c san ph\u1eb3ng (bead removed), m\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n; sau \u0111\u00f3 pickling\u2013passivation.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y danh \u0111\u1ecbnh (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u201cschedule\u201d nh\u01b0 A312).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u: clamp\/tri-clamp, ferrule, elbow v\u1ec7 sinh, tee v\u1ec7 sinh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhanh cho v\u1ec7 sinh CIP.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi 3-A, ASME BPE khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chu\u1ea9n cao (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 100% ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n\/si\u00eau \u00e2m theo l\u00f4; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m Ra, ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed9i soi (n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, kh\u1eed d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00f3ng n\u1eafp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hai \u0111\u1ea7u, bao g\u00f3i s\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. V\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t l\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-astm-a778-ong-han-aswelded-cho-moi-truong-nhe-ap-l\">ASTM A778 \u2013 \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n \u201cas\u2011welded\u201d cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p<\/h2>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ed0ng Inox austenitic h\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n (as\u2011welded), d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n chung trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p\/kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng: \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed\/l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, \u1ed1ng bao che, tay v\u1ecbn\/k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu quy ph\u1ea1m ASME nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn A778 cho \u201cprocess piping\u201d c\u00f3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n theo l\u00f4; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ec7 sinh nh\u01b0 A270, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n nh\u01b0 A312.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-so-sanh-thuc-te-chon-tieu-chuan-nao-cho-dung\">So s\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u00fang?<\/h2>\n<h3>Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u00c1p l\u1ef1c\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cao\/trung b\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 code piping: ch\u1ecdn A312.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1ea5p\/kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p: A778 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh\u2013an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u CIP\/SIP, v\u1ec7 sinh cao: A270 (ho\u1eb7c ASME BPE cho d\u01b0\u1ee3c).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n clorua:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316L \u01b0u ti\u00ean (d\u00f9 l\u00e0 A312 hay A270); h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u00f9ng 304 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c CIP ch\u1ee9a clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: h\u00e0n quy tr\u00ecnh GTAW\/SMAW, ki\u1ec3m tra NDE theo code.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: \u01b0u ti\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i clamp \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 sinh; m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n trong x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n m\u00e0i\u2013\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t Ra.<\/p>\n<h3>Theo chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n kho<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1ea5p: A778<br \/>\n  &#8211; Trung: A312<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cao: A270 (do \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t)<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1eb5n kho t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312 304\/316 Sch 10S: r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn 1\/2&#8243;\u201312&#8243;.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270 316L: ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn 1&#8243;\u20134&#8243; v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n clamp.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: \u0111\u1eb7t theo l\u00f4\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; A312: nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, th\u1eed \u00e1p\/NDE, \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n; d\u00f9ng cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; A270: nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec7 sinh, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; A778: nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-huong-dan-chon-nhanh-theo-ung-dung-pho-bien\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u01a1i b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y: A312; m\u00e1c 304L\/316L; Sch 10S\/40S t\u00f9y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, RO, n\u01b0\u1edbc DI: A312 316L; v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc A270 316L \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bia\u2013r\u01b0\u1ee3u\u2013\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng\u2013s\u1eefa: A270 316L; \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m Ra theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (th\u01b0\u1eddng 0,4\u20130,8 \u00b5m); ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n clamp.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc: \u01b0u ti\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh cao (A270\/ASME BPE) v\u1edbi truy xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, tay v\u1ecbn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, bao che: A778 304\/316; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a clorua (n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, mu\u1ed1i): \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 clorua \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-nhung-thong-so-ky-thuat-ban-can-chot-khi-dat-hang\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1t khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p: ASTM A312\/A270\/A778; 304L hay 316L; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u NACE\/kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: NPS v\u00e0 Schedule (Sch 5S\/10S\/40S\u2026)<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270\/A778: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i (OD) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y (WT)<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: pickled &#038; passivated, BA n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: Ra trong\/ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau; c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng electropolish; m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n m\u00e0i ph\u1eb3ng<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c NDE 100%; MTR 3.1; PMI\/ferrite n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec7 sinh\/\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u1ea1ch; ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed9i soi (n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u)<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: NDE m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n theo l\u00f4, MTR<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 bao g\u00f3i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: beveled cho h\u00e0n, n\u1eafp che \u0111\u1ea7u<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: caps s\u1ea1ch hai \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ecdc nilon s\u1ea1ch<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: truy xu\u1ea5t heat number, passivation certificate, test piece, dung sai \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-loi-lua-chon-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng A778 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00e1p: d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7m thu; thay b\u1eb1ng A312.<br \/>\n&#8211; Mua \u201c\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1t Ra\/m\u00e0i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t, t\u00edch b\u1ea9n; lu\u00f4n ghi r\u00f5 Ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0i ph\u1eb3ng bead.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng 304 \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao: nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7; chuy\u1ec3n 316L ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn sai h\u1ec7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: d\u00f9ng A270 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7t theo \u201cschedule\u201d g\u00e2y sai quy c\u00e1ch; x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang OD\/WT v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n clamp.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-vi-du-thuc-te-tai-nha-may-o-bac-ninhha-noi\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf B\u1eafc Ninh\/H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng h\u01a1i 8 bar c\u1ea5p cho thanh tr\u00f9ng: A312 304L Sch 40S, \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n, NDE 100%, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e1t h\u00e0n theo ASME B31.3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00e1nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bia: A270 316L, Ra trong 0,6\u20130,8 \u00b5m, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n m\u00e0i ph\u1eb3ng, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tri-clamp, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u1ea1ch, th\u1eed r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0 passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i: A778 304, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u1ecfng, h\u00e0n \u0111\u00ednh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eed \u00e1p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-cau-hoi-nhanh-dap-gon\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00e1p g\u1ecdn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; A312 c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n A778? Kh\u00f4ng. A312 cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/\u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng; A778 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; A270 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c electropolish? Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00f9y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; electropolish d\u00f9ng khi c\u1ea7n Ra r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng A270 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c? V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, A270 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh; n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00e1p, h\u00e3y thuy\u1ebft minh theo code (nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn A312 + y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed5 sung, ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang ASME BPE).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A312 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, s\u1eb5n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc theo schedule.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A270 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ec7 sinh: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ef9, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u1ea1ch; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p F&#038;B\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CIP\/SIP.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A778 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kinh t\u1ebf cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p\/kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n hay b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\nCh\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\u2013nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quy ph\u1ea1m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Khi nghi ng\u1edd, \u01b0u ti\u00ean A312 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, A270 cho v\u1ec7 sinh, v\u00e0 A778 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p. Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ed1t r\u00f5 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m thu su\u00f4n s\u1ebb v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft ASTM A312, A270, A778: ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, chi ph\u00ed; k\u00e8m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1024,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1207","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1207"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1207\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1207"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}