{"id":1213,"date":"2025-10-22T12:34:28","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T05:34:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-hop-vuong-chu-nhat-chon-quy-cach-cho-khung-ket-cau\/"},"modified":"2025-10-22T12:34:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T05:34:28","slug":"inox-hop-vuong-chu-nhat-chon-quy-cach-cho-khung-ket-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-hop-vuong-chu-nhat-chon-quy-cach-cho-khung-ket-cau\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox h\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng, ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt: ch\u1ecdn quy c\u00e1ch cho khung, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-inox-hop-vuong-va-chu-nhat-khi-nao-chon-loai-nao\">Inox h\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt: khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-tieu-chi-ky-thuat-cot-loi-khi-chon-quy-cach\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi ch\u1ecdn quy c\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-quy-trinh-5-buoc-chon-nhanh-quy-cach-hop-inox\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn nhanh quy c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9p inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-vi-du-tinh-nhanh-tham-khao-so-bo\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ednh nhanh (tham kh\u1ea3o s\u01a1 b\u1ed9)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-quy-cach-pho-bien-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam\">Quy c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-cong-thuc-tinh-nhanh-khoi-luong-de-boc-tach\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhanh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-gia-cong-lap-dung-va-do-ben-lau-dai\">Gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-kiem-soat-chat-luong-tai-cong-truongxuong\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-goi-y-rule-of-thumb-chon-nhanh-theo-nhip\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u201crule-of-thumb\u201d ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo nh\u1ecbp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-toi-uu-chi-phi-hieu-nang\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed \u2013 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox h\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong gia c\u00f4ng khung s\u01b0\u1eddn, d\u1ea7m, c\u1ed9t, gi\u00e0n k\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn quy c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u (m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n) k\u00e8m c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhanh v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh \u2013 \u0111\u00fang \u2013 \u0111\u1ee7 ngay t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-inox-hop-vuong-va-chu-nhat-khi-nao-chon-loai-nao\">Inox h\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt: khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng: ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 m\u00f4 men \u0111\u1ec1u theo hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ed9t, khung c\u1eeda\/c\u1ed5ng, tay v\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng theo x\/y.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt: c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t theo tr\u1ee5c l\u1edbn (H), t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0m d\u1ea7m, x\u00e0 g\u1ed3, thanh ch\u1ecbu u\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1edbi c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng u\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i n\u1ebfu orient H theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: 6 m\/c\u00e2y. Bo g\u00f3c th\u01b0\u1eddng 2\u20133 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 b\u1edbt t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i g\u00f3c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-tieu-chi-ky-thuat-cot-loi-khi-chon-quy-cach\">Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi ch\u1ecdn quy c\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<h3>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; SUS\/ASTM 201: d\u00f9ng trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, trang tr\u00ed, k\u1ec7 nh\u1eb9; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m\/\u1ea9m\/mu\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; SUS\/ASTM 304\/304L: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba; 304L \u01b0u ti\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; SUS\/ASTM 316\/316L: b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua (H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng ven bi\u1ec3n).<br \/>\nG\u1ee3i \u00fd nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; Trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4: 201 ho\u1eb7c 304 t\u00f9y ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch\/\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ef9 quan.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb: 304\/304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n mu\u1ed1i\/ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t: 316\/316L.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: B x H x t (mm), v\u1edbi H l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh theo chi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu u\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (local buckling) v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy t\u1eafc nhanh ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ed3n m\u1ecfng b\u1ea3n: b\/t \u2264 40 cho d\u1ea7m nh\u1eb9; \u2264 30 cho c\u1ed9t n\u00e9n ch\u00ednh (b l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3n n\u00e9n h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 c\u1ea1nh trong c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p).<br \/>\n&#8211; Slenderness c\u1ed9t: n\u00ean gi\u1eef KL\/r \u2264 120 cho c\u1ed9t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh (K: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n; L: chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1ef1 do; r: b\u00e1n k\u00ednh qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh). V\u1edbi gi\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn 150, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1nh > 180.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, nh\u1ecbp v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; U\u1ed1n: \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u03c3_allow \u2248 0.6\u00b7fy (MPa). fy \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 201 \u2248 275\u2013310 MPa; 304\/316 \u2248 205\u2013230 MPa.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng cho d\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u q (N\/mm): f_max = 5\u00b7q\u00b7L^4 \/ (384\u00b7E\u00b7I). D\u00f9ng E \u2248 193\u2013200 GPa (\u2248 193,000\u2013200,000 N\/mm\u00b2). Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng: f \u2264 L\/250 \u0111\u1ebfn L\/360 t\u00f9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9\/s\u00e0n\/m\u00e1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4 men u\u1ed1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t d\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n: M_max = q\u00b7L\u00b2\/8 (q t\u00ednh theo N\/mm, L mm).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ed9t n\u00e9n: ki\u1ec3m tra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 (Euler) v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e2n\/\u0111\u1ec9nh; tr\u00e1nh l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: 2B (m\u1edd), BA (b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i), HL\/No.4 (x\u01b0\u1edbc hairline\/satin), 8K (g\u01b0\u01a1ng). Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn HL\/No.4 ho\u1eb7c 2B \u0111\u1ec3 che v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc sau h\u00e0n, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch x\u1ec9, m\u00e0i l\u01b0ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, t\u1ea9y\/passivation kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, dung sai v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A554: \u1ed1ng inox c\u01a1 kh\u00ed h\u00e0n (bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng\/ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt) \u2013 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng, bo g\u00f3c, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\/m\u00e1c: tham chi\u1ebfu ASTM A240\/EN 10088.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung sai th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (tham chi\u1ebfu A554 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y):<br \/>\n  &#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i: \u00b10.5% (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u00b10.5 mm cho k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y: \u221210% (ph\u00eda \u00e2m), ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u01a1ng theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng: \u2264 1.5 mm\/m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh: sai l\u1ec7ch \u2264 2\u00b0; g\u00f3c bo 2t\u20133t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MTC (Mill Test Certificate) EN 10204 3.1 khi d\u00f9ng cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-quy-trinh-5-buoc-chon-nhanh-quy-cach-hop-inox\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecdn nhanh quy c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9p inox<\/h2>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u2013 Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4: 201\/304. Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb: 304\/304L. Ven bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: 316\/316L.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 \u2013 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Quy \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i di\u1ec7n (kN\/m\u00b2) sang t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (kN\/m) cho d\u1ea7m theo kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e0.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ghi ch\u00fa h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n t\u1ed5ng \u2265 1.5\u20132.0 cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3 \u2013 S\u01a1 ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc B\u00d7H\u00d7t theo u\u1ed1n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00ednh M_max = q\u00b7L\u00b2\/8 (kN\u00b7m), \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 N\u00b7mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4 \u0111un ch\u1ed1ng u\u1ed1n W_req = M_max \/ \u03c3_allow.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi h\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt theo tr\u1ee5c H (\u0111\u1eb7t H \u0111\u1ee9ng):<br \/>\n  &#8211; I = [B\u00b7H\u00b3 \u2212 (B\u22122t)\u00b7(H\u22122t)\u00b3] \/ 12 (mm\u2074)<br \/>\n  &#8211; W = I \/ (H\/2) = [B\u00b7H\u00b3 \u2212 (B\u22122t)\u00b7(H\u22122t)\u00b3] \/ (6H) (mm\u00b3)<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn B, H, t sao cho W \u2265 W_req. \u01afu ti\u00ean t\u0103ng H tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u0103ng t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4 \u2013 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; f_max = 5\u00b7q\u00b7L\u2074\/(384\u00b7E\u00b7I). M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: f \u2264 L\/250 (c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e1i), \u2264 L\/360 (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cao).<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5 \u2013 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\/t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd (\u2264 40 cho d\u1ea7m, \u2264 30 cho c\u1ed9t).<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi c\u1ed9t: ki\u1ec3m tra KL\/r, b\u1ed5 sung gi\u1eb1ng trung gian n\u1ebfu v\u01b0\u1ee3t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-vi-du-tinh-nhanh-tham-khao-so-bo\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ednh nhanh (tham kh\u1ea3o s\u01a1 b\u1ed9)<\/h2>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ecdn quy c\u00e1ch. Khi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng, ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1 \u2013 D\u1ea7m x\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u1eb9 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, nh\u1ecbp L = 3.0 m<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft: q = 0.5 kN\/m (t\u1ea3i m\u00e1i + t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng), m\u00e1c 304, \u03c3_allow \u2248 0.6\u00b7205 \u2248 123 MPa, E = 200,000 N\/mm\u00b2.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M_max = q\u00b7L\u00b2\/8 = 0.5\u00d73\u00b2\/8 = 0.5625 kN\u00b7m = 562,500 N\u00b7mm.<br \/>\n  &#8211; W_req = 562,500 \/ 123 \u2248 4,570 mm\u00b3.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ecdn h\u1ed9p 40\u00d780\u00d72.0 (\u0111\u1eb7t H=80): t\u00ednh nhanh W \u2248 9,740 mm\u00b3 > W_req.<br \/>\n  &#8211; I t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u2248 3.90\u00d710\u2075 mm\u2074 \u2192 f_max \u2248 6.8 mm < L\/250 = 12 mm. \u0110\u1ea1t.\n\n- V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2 \u2013 D\u1ea7m k\u1ec7 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i 500 kg tr\u00ean nh\u1ecbp 1.2 m (trong nh\u00e0)\n  - T\u1ea3i quy \u0111\u1ed5i: 500 kg \u2248 4.9 kN \u2192 q \u2248 4.9\/1.2 \u2248 4.08 kN\/m.\n  - M_max \u2248 0.735 kN\u00b7m = 735,000 N\u00b7mm; W_req \u2248 735,000\/123 \u2248 5,980 mm\u00b3.\n  - H\u1ed9p 40\u00d780\u00d72.0 v\u1eabn th\u1eeba; \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 30\u00d760\u00d72.0 n\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00f5ng \u0111\u1ea1t.\n\n- V\u00ed d\u1ee5 3 \u2013 C\u1ed9t khung c\u1eeda cao 2.8 m (ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb)\n  - Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n N_d \u2248 8 kN (gi\u00f3 + t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng + l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m), m\u00e1c 304.\n  - Ch\u1ecdn h\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng 60\u00d760\u00d72.0, A \u2248 2t(B+H\u22122t) = 2\u00d72\u00d7(60+60\u22124)= 464 mm\u00b2 \u2192 \u03c3 \u2248 8,000\/464 \u2248 17.2 MPa (th\u1ea5p).\n  - Ki\u1ec3m tra KL\/r: r \u2248 \u221a(I\/A). V\u1edbi 60\u00d760\u00d72.0, r \u2248 18\u201320 mm \u2192 KL\/r \u2248 1.0\u00d72800\/19 \u2248 147. B\u1ed5 sung gi\u1eb1ng trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a KL\/r v\u1ec1 \u2264 120 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-quy-cach-pho-bien-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam\">Quy c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng (mm): 10\u00d710; 12.7\u00d712.7; 20\u00d720; 25\u00d725; 30\u00d730; 40\u00d740; 50\u00d750; 60\u00d760; 75\u00d775; 80\u00d780; 90\u00d790; 100\u00d7100; 120\u00d7120; 150\u00d7150.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt (mm): 10\u00d720; 20\u00d730; 25\u00d750; 30\u00d760; 40\u00d780; 50\u00d7100; 60\u00d7120; 80\u00d7120; 100\u00d7150.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t (mm) th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng: 0.7; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.5; 1.8; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0 (\u0111\u1ebfn 5.0 mm t\u00f9y m\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y).<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u00e2y: 6 m. Bo g\u00f3c: 2t\u20133t. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: 2B, BA, HL\/No.4, 8K.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: M\u00e1c 201 v\u00e0 304 s\u1eb5n kho r\u1ed9ng; 316\/316L th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00edt \u0111\u1ee7 size l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-cong-thuc-tinh-nhanh-khoi-luong-de-boc-tach\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhanh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n A (mm\u00b2) \u2248 2\u00b7t\u00b7(B + H \u2212 2t).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang inox \u03c1 \u2248 7.93 g\/cm\u00b3 = 7.93\u00d710\u207b\u2076 kg\/mm\u00b3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo m\u00e9t: W_kg\/m \u2248 0.01586 \u00d7 t \u00d7 (B + H \u2212 2t). V\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u1ed9p 40\u00d780\u00d72.0 \u2192 W \u2248 0.01586\u00d72\u00d7(120\u22124) \u2248 3.69 kg\/m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-gia-cong-lap-dung-va-do-ben-lau-dai\">Gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0n: TIG\/MIG v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00e1c n\u1ec1n (ER308L cho 304; ER316L cho 316; v\u1edbi 201 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, nhi\u1ec1u x\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00f9ng ER308L cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u1edbi 304 \u2013 tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p). Gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n: m\u00e0i, t\u1ea9y\/passivation, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ion clorua; \u0111\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn HL\/No.4.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi: b\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ea7u, khoan l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed khu\u1ea5t; tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y r\u1ec9 \u0111en.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a khi gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon\/nh\u00f4m: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u01a1n c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bu l\u00f4ng\/\u1ed1c: ch\u1ecdn inox \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e1c (304 v\u1edbi 304, 316 v\u1edbi 316) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-kiem-soat-chat-luong-tai-cong-truongxuong\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e1c: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MTC; d\u00f9ng PMI c\u1ea7m tay cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng. Nam ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng panme; c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n non chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Soi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, n\u1eafn th\u1eb3ng, ki\u1ec3m tra xo\u1eafn v\u1eb7n; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng \u2264 1.5 mm\/m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecdng\/\u0111\u1ed1m ch\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ec9 b\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-goi-y-rule-of-thumb-chon-nhanh-theo-nhip\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u201crule-of-thumb\u201d ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo nh\u1ecbp<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9\u2013trung b\u00ecnh, m\u00e1i t\u00f4n, khung qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, k\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng; m\u00e1c 304, gi\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ecbp 1.5\u20132.0 m: d\u1ea7m 30\u00d760\u00d71.2\u20131.5; c\u1ed9t 40\u00d740\u00d71.5.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ecbp 2.5\u20133.0 m: d\u1ea7m 40\u00d780\u00d71.5\u20132.0; c\u1ed9t 60\u00d760\u00d72.0.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ecbp 3.5\u20134.0 m: d\u1ea7m 50\u00d7100\u00d72.0\u20132.5; c\u1ed9t 80\u00d780\u00d72.5.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n\/\u0103n m\u00f2n cao: gi\u1eef quy c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed5i sang 316\/316L v\u00e0 t\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-toi-uu-chi-phi-hieu-nang\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed \u2013 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc (t\u0103ng H) r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi t\u0103ng t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ef1 \u00e1n pha tr\u1ed9n: d\u00f9ng 304\/316 cho ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, 201 cho chi ti\u1ebft trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t HL\/No.4 cho ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t: che v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n g\u01b0\u01a1ng 8K.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u dung sai theo ASTM A554 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ec7ch, gi\u1ea3m hao ph\u00ed ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang inox h\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng\/ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cho khung s\u01b0\u1eddn, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, h\u00e3y \u0111i theo 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2192 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c (201\/304\/316) \u2192 t\u00ednh t\u1ea3i\u2013nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ecdn B\u00d7H\u00d7t theo W_req \u2192 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (b\/t, KL\/r) \u2192 kh\u00f3a dung sai, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n ASTM A554. \u01afu ti\u00ean h\u1ed9p ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t H theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng; ch\u1ecdn 304\/316 cho ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi; x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quy c\u00e1ch nhanh, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khung, d\u1ea7m, c\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng inox.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn inox h\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng\/ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cho khung, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u: ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c 201\/304\/316, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A554, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhanh v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1022,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1213"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1213\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}