{"id":1264,"date":"2025-11-04T00:34:51","date_gmt":"2025-11-03T17:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/bon-nuoc-inox-nen-chon-inox-304-hay-316-cho-nguon-nuoc-sach\/"},"modified":"2025-11-04T00:34:51","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T17:34:51","slug":"bon-nuoc-inox-nen-chon-inox-304-hay-316-cho-nguon-nuoc-sach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/bon-nuoc-inox-nen-chon-inox-304-hay-316-cho-nguon-nuoc-sach\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc inox: n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn inox 304 hay 316 cho ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tom-tat-nhanh-chon-304-hay-316-theo-dieu-kien-nuoc\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: ch\u1ecdn 304 hay 316 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-vi-sao-316-ben-hon-304-trong-moi-truong-nuoc\">V\u00ec sao 316 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n 304 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-cac-dang-an-mon-thuc-te-trong-bon-nuoc-sach\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-nguong-chloride-va-nhiet-do-khuyen-nghi\">Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng chloride v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-chat-luong-nuoc-tai-viet-nam-va-he-qua-chon-mac-th\">Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-thiet-ke-va-gia-cong-bon-yeu-to-quyet-dinh-tuoi-th\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng b\u1ed3n: y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-van-hanh-va-bao-tri-de-giu-ben-lop-thu-dong\">V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u1ec1n l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-chi-phi-va-tong-chi-phi-vong-doi-lcc\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-checklist-chon-mac-inox-cho-bon-nuoc\">Checklist ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox cho b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-vi-du-ung-dung-dien-hinh\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-tieu-chuan-chung-nhan-nen-tham-chieu\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn n\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, an to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc inox n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn inox 304 hay 316 cho ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i so s\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng chloride, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u2013v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tom-tat-nhanh-chon-304-hay-316-theo-dieu-kien-nuoc\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: ch\u1ecdn 304 hay 316 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4, chloride th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh (\u2264200 mg\/L), nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh\u2013\u1ea5m (\u226460\u00b0C): inox 304L l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn m\u1eb7n, b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1i ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng\/kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh: \u01b0u ti\u00ean inox 316L \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 pitting\/crevice v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t do chloride.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chloride cao (>200 mg\/L) ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u00f3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (>60\u201370\u00b0C): d\u00f9ng 316L; n\u1ebfu >1000 mg\/L n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t grade cao h\u01a1n (duplex 2205, 904L).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-vi-sao-316-ben-hon-304-trong-moi-truong-nuoc\">V\u00ec sao 316 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n 304 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/h2>\n<p>Inox 304 (18Cr-8Ni) v\u00e0 316 (16\u201318Cr-10\u201314Ni-2\u20132.5Mo) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic theo ASTM A240\/A312. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 molybdenum (Mo) trong 316.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L: Cr ~18%, Ni ~8\u201310%, Mo ~0%, C \u22640.03% (b\u1ea3n L).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L: Cr ~16\u201317%, Ni ~10\u201312%, Mo ~2.1\u20132.5%, C \u22640.03%.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 (PREN = %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: PREN kho\u1ea3ng 18\u201319.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316: PREN kho\u1ea3ng 23\u201324.<br \/>\n  PREN cao h\u01a1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 do chloride t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i k\u1ebd h\u1edf, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, c\u1ea1nh g\u00e2n d\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-cac-dang-an-mon-thuc-te-trong-bon-nuoc-sach\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n<h3>R\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf do chloride<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Chloride (Cl-) t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u1ec9 h\u00e0n, khe gio\u0103ng, ch\u00e2n \u0111inh t\u00e1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n 316 khi Cl- t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u1ee9t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t do chloride (SCC)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi austenitic \u1edf >60\u00b0C, c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o d\u01b0 (sau h\u00e0n, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh) v\u00e0 Cl- hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. 316 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u201cmi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0102n m\u00f2n do vi sinh (MIC)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng, c\u1eb7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1, biofilm d\u00e0y l\u00e0m oxy c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m, t\u1ea1o pin \u0103n m\u00f2n. V\u1ec7 sinh\u2013x\u1ea3 r\u1eeda l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p\u201d m\u00e1c th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0102n m\u00f2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i do s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i, m\u01b0a axit<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1i g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n: mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdng kh\u00f4\/\u01b0\u1edbt tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y r\u1ed7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi 304. 316 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-nguong-chloride-va-nhiet-do-khuyen-nghi\">Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng chloride v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh\u2013\u1ea5m (\u226460\u00b0C): Cl- t\u1ed5ng \u2264200 mg\/L t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; >200 mg\/L: nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7 t\u0103ng, c\u1ea7n 316L ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (gi\u1ea3m Cl-, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh).<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh\u2013\u1ea5m: ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 600\u20131000 mg\/L t\u00f9y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng 60\u201370\u00b0C: 316L khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; >70\u201380\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c Cl- r\u1ea5t cao (>1000 mg\/L): c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc duplex 2205, 904L ho\u1eb7c l\u00f3t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u01a1, t\u00f9y b\u00e0i to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd disinfection:<br \/>\n&#8211; Clo d\u01b0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y (0.3\u20130.5 mg\/L) an to\u00e0n cho 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Shock chlorination n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn; tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 dung d\u1ecbch hypochlorite \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u v\u1edbi inox, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Sau kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3\/r\u1eeda k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-chat-luong-nuoc-tai-viet-nam-va-he-qua-chon-mac-th\">Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4 (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, TP.HCM): Cl- th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p\u2013trung b\u00ecnh; 304L \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t cho b\u1ed3n d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi b\u1ed3n c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n (H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, Nha Trang, V\u0169ng T\u00e0u) ho\u1eb7c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n: s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1eb7n khi\u1ebfn 316L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n cho c\u1ea3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng khoan c\u00f3 l\u1eabn m\u1eb7n\/\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p: nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7\/crevice t\u0103ng; \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p (kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01b0\u1edbc).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng (b\u1ed3n b\u1ea3o \u00f4n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi 60\u201380\u00b0C): ch\u1ecdn 316L \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro SCC v\u00e0 r\u1ed7 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-thiet-ke-va-gia-cong-bon-yeu-to-quyet-dinh-tuoi-th\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng b\u1ed3n: y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/h2>\n<h3>Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean b\u1ea3n L (304L\/316L) cho chi ti\u1ebft h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a (sensitization).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/BA m\u1ecbn gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n so v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng 0.5\u20131.0 mm (304L\/316L) t\u00f9y dung t\u00edch v\u00e0 g\u00e2n t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\/kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n 1.5\u20133.0 mm, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh TIG\/laser v\u1edbi kh\u00ed Ar tinh khi\u1ebft; d\u00f9ng que\/filler ER308L (cho 304L) ho\u1eb7c ER316L (cho 316L).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM A380\/A967 (dung d\u1ecbch g\u1ed1c nitric\/citric). R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft t\u1eeb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p carbon; d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 ngh\u1ec1 ri\u00eang cho inox.<\/p>\n<h3>Chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1ea3m k\u1ebd h\u1edf: m\u00e9p ch\u1ed3ng, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, gio\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t; tr\u00e1nh \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n (n\u1eafp th\u0103m, phao c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i) n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng\/th\u00e9p carbon, d\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng, tr\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a t\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t s\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1i che khi d\u00f9ng 304; n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, t\u0103ng chu k\u1ef3 r\u1eeda b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang 316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh b\u1ed3n; ch\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec7m tr\u01a1, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng: c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a chloride; gi\u1eef l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4, c\u00f3 \u00e1o che m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-van-hanh-va-bao-tri-de-giu-ben-lop-thu-dong\">V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u1ec1n l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; X\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i c\u1eb7n (1\u20133 th\u00e1ng\/l\u1ea7n t\u00f9y n\u01b0\u1edbc).<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1eeda b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong\/ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y trung t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a chloride; tr\u00e1nh lau b\u1eb1ng b\u00f9i nh\u00f9i th\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao: x\u1ea3, tr\u00e1ng k\u1ef9; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9a hypochlorite \u201c\u0111\u1ecdng\u201d \u1edf k\u1ebd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00fat, khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc. X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed7 s\u1edbm: m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9, t\u1ea9y\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-chi-phi-va-tong-chi-phi-vong-doi-lcc\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n 304 kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201335% t\u00f9y th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00e0o 316 \u201cr\u1ebb h\u01a1n\u201d v\u1ec1 LCC:<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 Cl- cao ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m downtime, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi 304 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-checklist-chon-mac-inox-cho-bon-nuoc\">Checklist ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox cho b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc: Cl- d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, pH, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 gi\u1ebfng\/m\u1eb7n hay kh\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: l\u1ea1nh, \u1ea5m, hay n\u00f3ng >60\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t: trong nh\u00e0, m\u00e1i che, hay ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ven bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: gi\u1ea3m k\u1ebd h\u1edf, ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea3n L, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9\u2013th\u1eddi gian, x\u1ea3 r\u1eeda sau c\u00f9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 LCC: so s\u00e1nh ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 20\u201335% v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n\/downtime.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-vi-du-ung-dung-dien-hinh\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y, b\u1ed3n m\u00e1i c\u00f3 che: 304L d\u00e0y 0.6\u20130.8 mm l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n ven bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, b\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng 65\u201370\u00b0C: 316L d\u00e0y 1.5\u20132.0 mm, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n 316L, c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a chloride.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n c\u1ea3ng, r\u1eeda thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y: 316L, t\u0103ng chu k\u1ef3 r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-tieu-chuan-chung-nhan-nen-tham-chieu\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn n\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfu<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m), A312 (\u1ed1ng), JIS G4304\/G4305 (t\u1ea5m c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng\/l\u1ea1nh).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a: ASTM A380, ASTM A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng: \u01b0u ti\u00ean linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ti\u00eau ch\u00ed an to\u00e0n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 NSF\/ANSI 61 \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf), ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u00f4i nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304L \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh\u2013\u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chloride th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 316L v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i khi c\u00f3 chloride cao h\u01a1n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, ho\u1eb7c khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i kh\u1eaft khe. Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u 20\u201335% th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c n\u00e0o, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebd h\u1edf, h\u00e0n\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd b\u1ed3n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n gi\u1eefa 304 v\u00e0 316, h\u00e3y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ba th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: chloride n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>So s\u00e1nh inox 304 v\u00e0 316 cho b\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc: ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Cl-, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng theo v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1004,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1264","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1264","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1264"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1264\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1004"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}