{"id":1324,"date":"2025-11-18T00:35:30","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T17:35:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/he-thong-ong-inox-chiu-ap-luc-cao-tieu-chuan-thiet-ke-toi-uu\/"},"modified":"2025-11-18T00:35:30","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T17:35:30","slug":"he-thong-ong-inox-chiu-ap-luc-cao-tieu-chuan-thiet-ke-toi-uu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/he-thong-ong-inox-chiu-ap-luc-cao-tieu-chuan-thiet-ke-toi-uu\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng inox ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n &#038; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u01b0u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-khi-nao-can-ong-inox-chiu-ap-luc-cao\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u1ed1ng inox ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-vat-lieu-inox-phu-hop-cho-ap-luc-cao\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-tieu-chuan-va-quy-pham-cot-loi\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy ph\u1ea1m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-tinh-chieu-day-ong-chiu-ap-luc-theo-asme-b313\">T\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c (theo ASME B31.3)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-lua-chon-schedule-class-va-dau-noi\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Schedule, Class v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-thiet-ke-bo-tri-gian-no-do-treo-xung-ap\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed: gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, \u0111\u1ee1 treo, xung \u00e1p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-phu-kien-van-va-vat-lieu-lam-kin\">Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n, van v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m k\u00edn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-han-inox-cho-he-thong-cao-ap\">H\u00e0n inox cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cao \u00e1p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-chong-an-mon-va-do-ben-lau-dai\">Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-kiem-tra-thu-ap-va-nghiem-thu\">Ki\u1ec3m tra, th\u1eed \u00e1p v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-van-hanh-va-bao-tri\">V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-loi-pho-bien-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-checklist-mua-sam-va-ky-thuat\">Checklist mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-vi-du-ung-dung-tai-viet-nam\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-14-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-15-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng (h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng inox ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, thi c\u00f4ng, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng inox ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-khi-nao-can-ong-inox-chiu-ap-luc-cao\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u1ed1ng inox ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n: h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n (axit, dung d\u1ecbch clorua), kh\u00ed n\u00e9n\/kh\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, hydro, h\u01a1i s\u1ea1ch, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, d\u1ea7u \u2013 kh\u00ed, dung d\u1ecbch CIP\/SIP.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 10\u2013250 bar (ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ebfn ch\u1ecbu xung \u00e1p), nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb -196\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 400\u00b0C t\u00f9y m\u00e1c inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00fd do ch\u1ecdn inox: ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u00edt b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-vat-lieu-inox-phu-hop-cho-ap-luc-cao\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao<\/h2>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m Austenitic<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L: kinh t\u1ebf, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt clorua\/\u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9. \u00cdt d\u00f9ng cho clorua cao ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t >425\u00b0C do nguy c\u01a1 SCC\/sensitization.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L: Mo\u22482\u20132.5% t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7; l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 316L \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u (gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a).<br \/>\n&#8211; 321\/347: \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh titan\/niobi cho nhi\u1ec7t cao, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1ea1t khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf 425\u2013870\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L: Ni cao, Mo\u22484.5%, ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/kh\u1ebd h\u1edf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 316L, d\u00f9ng cho axit m\u1ea1nh (nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed cao).<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m Duplex\/Ferritic\u2013Austenitic<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 2205 (UNS S32205\/S31803): gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y cao (\u22482\u00d7 austenitic th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng), ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/SCC t\u1ed1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 clorua. R\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2507 (Super duplex): PREN >40, d\u00f9ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ee3i \u00fd nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/clorua cao: 2205\/2507.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t chung, nhi\u1ec7t trung b\u00ecnh: 316L\/321.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t cao l\u00e2u d\u00e0i: 321\/347.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f2i ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 cao: 904L ho\u1eb7c super duplex.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo ASTM\/ASME, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t (MTC) EN 10204 3.1 v\u00e0 PMI 100% cho tuy\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-tieu-chuan-va-quy-pham-cot-loi\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy ph\u1ea1m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Quy ph\u1ea1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng: ASME B31.3 (Process Piping) ho\u1eb7c ASME B31.1 (Power Piping) t\u00f9y c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng; EN 13480 (ch\u00e2u \u00c2u).<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u1ed1ng inox: ASME B36.19M (c\u00e1c Schedule 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng: ASTM A312 (austenitic), ASTM A790 (duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n: ASTM A403 (austenitic), ASTM A815 (duplex); theo ASME B16.9 (elbow, tee\u2026), MSS SP-43 (m\u1ecfng).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eb7t b\u00edch\/forging: ASTM A182; ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1eb7t b\u00edch ASME B16.5 (Class 150\u20132500).<br \/>\n&#8211; Van: th\u1eed r\u00f2 API 598\/ISO 5208; ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y API 607; ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ISO 15848.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: ISO 15614-1\/WPS-PQR; ASTM A380\/A967 (t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng H2S (sour): NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n ISO 21457.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: API 570 (Piping Inspection Code).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-tinh-chieu-day-ong-chiu-ap-luc-theo-asme-b313\">T\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c (theo ASME B31.3)<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf (\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a cho \u1ed1ng th\u1eb3ng):<br \/>\nt_req = (P \u00d7 Do) \/ (2 \u00d7 S \u00d7 E + P \u00d7 y) + c<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<br \/>\n&#8211; P: \u00e1p su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (MPa)<br \/>\n&#8211; Do: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i \u1ed1ng (mm)<br \/>\n&#8211; S: \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (MPa)<br \/>\n&#8211; E: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc (seam efficiency), 1.0 v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fac\/seamless; 0.85\u20131.0 v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n t\u00f9y QC<br \/>\n&#8211; y: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (th\u01b0\u1eddng 0.4 cho inox austenitic)<br \/>\n&#8211; c: allowance (\u0103n m\u00f2n + gia c\u00f4ng), th\u01b0\u1eddng 0\u20133 mm t\u00f9y m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t\/tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1 \u2013 D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, 40 bar, 100\u00b0C:<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: 316L, S\u2248137 MPa (tham kh\u1ea3o ASME II-D)<br \/>\n&#8211; NPS 2&#8243; (Do=60.3 mm), \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fac (E=1.0), y=0.4, c=1.0 mm<br \/>\n&#8211; t = (4\u00d760.3)\/(2\u00d7137\u00d71 + 4\u00d70.4) + 1 \u2248 0.875 + 1 = 1.875 mm<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn Schedule g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n: 2&#8243; Sch 10S (2.77 mm) \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ec1n; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc Sch 40S (3.91 mm) n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i c\u01a1\/nhi\u1ec7t\/vibration.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2 \u2013 Kh\u00ed n\u00e9n cao \u00e1p, 100 bar, 50\u00b0C:<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: 316L, S\u2248137 MPa; Do=60.3 mm; E=1.0; y=0.4; c=1 mm<br \/>\n&#8211; t \u2248 (10\u00d760.3)\/(274 + 4) + 1 \u2248 2.17 + 1 = 3.17 mm<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 2&#8243; Sch 40S (3.91 mm) ho\u1eb7c xem x\u00e9t 2205 (S cho ph\u00e9p cao h\u01a1n) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t do nhi\u1ec7t, u\u1ed1n, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi kh\u00ed\/kh\u00ed h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc th\u00eam h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 xung \u00e1p (surge) v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (design factor).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-lua-chon-schedule-class-va-dau-noi\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Schedule, Class v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Schedule \u1ed1ng: cao \u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng Sch 40S\/80S\/160\/XXS (t\u00f9y NPS).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eb7t b\u00edch v\u00e0 van: ch\u1ecdn Class theo ASME B16.5 (Class 300\/600\/900\/1500\/2500); ki\u1ec3m tra bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t\u2013nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Butt-weld (BW): \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho cao \u00e1p\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u2265 DN25, gi\u1ea3m r\u00f2 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Socket-weld\/Threaded: cho nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf DN\u2264DN25; l\u01b0u \u00fd nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe v\u00e0 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-thiet-ke-bo-tri-gian-no-do-treo-xung-ap\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed: gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, \u0111\u1ee1 treo, xung \u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t: \u0394L = \u03b1 \u00d7 L \u00d7 \u0394T. V\u1edbi inox austenitic, \u03b1\u224816\u201317\u00d710^-6\/K.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5: tuy\u1ebfn 30 m, \u0394T=80\u00b0C \u21d2 \u0394L\u224838\u201341 mm. C\u1ea7n loop gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, g\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, guide, anchor.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ee1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng rung: xem x\u00e9t nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ee1 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 Schedule; b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed snubber\/SPR cho tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00ed\/steam.<br \/>\n&#8211; Xung \u00e1p (water hammer): l\u1eafp b\u00ecnh d\u1eadp xung, van \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf ch\u1eadm, logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dead-leg: gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t (<6\u00d7DN) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\/t\u00edch t\u1ee5.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-phu-kien-van-va-vat-lieu-lam-kin\">Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n, van v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m k\u00edn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n: khu\u1ef7u, t\u00ea, thu; ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASME B16.9\/A403 (austenitic), A815 (duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; Van:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ball\/gate\/globe\/needle t\u00f9y d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5; ki\u1ec3m tra API 598\/ISO 5208 (r\u00f2), ISO 15848 (ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u00e2n van: CF8M (316), duplex (CD3MN\/CE8MN) cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/clorua.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Seat\/seal: PTFE, RPTFE, PEEK, Graphite cho nhi\u1ec7t cao; v\u1edbi hydro\/hydrocarbon \u01b0u ti\u00ean fire-safe API 607.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gio\u0103ng: Spiral wound SS316 + graphite cho nhi\u1ec7t\/cao \u00e1p; PTFE cho h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-han-inox-cho-he-thong-cao-ap\">H\u00e0n inox cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cao \u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: WPS\/PQR theo ISO 15614-1 ho\u1eb7c ASME IX; th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: GTAW\/TIG cho pass g\u1ed1c (back purging b\u1eb1ng Ar, O2 < 50 ppm); SMAW\/GMAW\/SAW cho fill\/cap.\n- Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t: interpass 100\u2013150\u00b0C cho austenitic; duplex ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha (ferrite 30\u201360%).\n- X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ASTM A380\/A967; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch x\u1ec9, v\u1ebft ch\u00e1y m\u00e0u.\n- NDT: PT 100% m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p cao\/quan tr\u1ecdng, RT\/UT theo m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a B31.3; ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd weld map \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-chong-an-mon-va-do-ben-lau-dai\">Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Clorua\/SCC: h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o, tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 60\u2013150\u00b0C k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u1edbi 304\/316; d\u00f9ng duplex\/904L cho clorua cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; PREN (\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7): 316L\u224824, 904L\u224834, 2205\u224835, 2507>40. Ch\u1ecdn PREN ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/NaCl.<br \/>\n&#8211; CUI (\u0103n m\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3o \u00f4n): d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o \u00f4n \u00edt clorua, l\u1edbp b\u1ecdc k\u00edn n\u01b0\u1edbc; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Galvanic: tr\u00e1nh gh\u00e9p inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m; n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n\/flange isolating kit.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sour service (H2S): tu\u00e2n NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-kiem-tra-thu-ap-va-nghiem-thu\">Ki\u1ec3m tra, th\u1eed \u00e1p v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c: 1.5\u00d7 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (ASME B31.3), gi\u1eef \u00e1p \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian, ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed kh\u00ed n\u00e9n: 1.1\u00d7 (ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc), quy tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch: pickling\/passivation, flushing, kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch cho tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00ed; \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e0n giao: MTC 3.1, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd h\u00e0n, NDT, bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1eed \u00e1p, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd as-built, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gio\u0103ng\/van.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-van-hanh-va-bao-tri\">V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Theo d\u00f5i rung, nhi\u1ec7t, r\u00f2 r\u1ec9; d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t\/\u00e1p su\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 theo API 570: \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng UT, PT m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, soi CUI t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch: ch\u1ecdn dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y r\u1ed7 clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i (MOC) khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-loi-pho-bien-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn sai m\u00e1c inox cho clorua cao \u2192 r\u1ed7\/SCC: d\u00f9ng duplex\/904L cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ecf qua gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u2192 n\u1ee9t g\u1ed1i\/\u1ed1ng: th\u00eam loop, guide\/anchor h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng back purge \u2192 oxy h\u00f3a m\u1eb7t trong, r\u1ed7 s\u1edbm: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t O2 < 50 ppm.\n- D\u00f9ng socket-weld cho m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe: \u01b0u ti\u00ean butt-weld.\n- B\u1ea3o \u00f4n c\u00f3 clorua \u2192 CUI\/SCC: d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o \u00f4n low-chloride, l\u1edbp b\u1ecdc k\u00edn.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-checklist-mua-sam-va-ky-thuat\">Checklist mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1: P, T thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t; \u0103n m\u00f2n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn; tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: m\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM, MTC 3.1; PMI.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: NPS, Schedule; Class m\u1eb7t b\u00edch\/van; ki\u1ec3u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i BW.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n: WPS\/PQR, back purging, NDT (PT\/RT\/UT) ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong (Ra) n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh\/quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u00f3i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m: hydro\/pneumatic, v\u1ec7 sinh, passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t: heat number, weld map, as-built.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-vi-du-ung-dung-tai-viet-nam\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ven bi\u1ec3n: tuy\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u1ecdc \u00e1p 30\u201360 bar \u2192 ch\u1ecdn 2205 v\u1edbi Sch 40\/80S, m\u1eb7t b\u00edch Class 300\u2013600, gio\u0103ng spiral graphite, van duplex; b\u1ea3o \u00f4n v\u00e0 b\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ed1ng CUI.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00ed n\u00e9n 100 bar: 316L Sch 80S ho\u1eb7c 2205 Sch 40S; BW to\u00e0n tuy\u1ebfn; th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c 1.5\u00d7, PT 100% m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; snubber ch\u1ed1ng xung \u00e1p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-14-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASME B31.3 \u2013 Process Piping (Vi\u1ec7n C\u01a1 kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME B36.19M \u2013 Stainless Steel Pipe<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A312\/A312M \u2013 Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A403 \u2013 Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings; ASTM A182 \u2013 Forged\/Flange<br \/>\n&#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 \u2013 Materials in H2S-containing Environments<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 21457 \u2013 Materials selection and corrosion control for oil and gas<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A967 \u2013 Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts<br \/>\n&#8211; API 570 \u2013 Piping Inspection Code<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-15-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng inox ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed, h\u00e3y:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c inox theo m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u01b0u ti\u00ean duplex cho clorua\/\u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y theo ASME B31.3, c\u00f3 allowance v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung; ch\u1ecdn Schedule\/Class ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i butt-weld, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n; NDT nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed cho gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, rung v\u00e0 xung \u00e1p; ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba CUI v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec theo API 570.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n ch\u00e0o h\u00e0ng chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhanh cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox, t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y theo ASME B31.3, ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n, h\u00e0n, th\u1eed \u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng inox \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1071,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1324","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1324"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1324\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1324"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1324"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1324"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}