{"id":1326,"date":"2025-11-18T12:33:40","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T05:33:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/ong-inox-cho-bo-trao-doi-nhiet-chon-mac-chuan-va-hieu-suat\/"},"modified":"2025-11-18T12:33:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T05:33:40","slug":"ong-inox-cho-bo-trao-doi-nhiet-chon-mac-chuan-va-hieu-suat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/ong-inox-cho-bo-trao-doi-nhiet-chon-mac-chuan-va-hieu-suat\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ed0ng inox cho b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t: ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-ong-inox-la-lua-chon-chu-dao-cho-bo-trao-do\">V\u00ec sao \u1ed1ng inox l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o cho b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-cac-dang-bo-trao-doi-nhiet-dung-ong-inox\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-lua-chon-mac-inox-theo-moi-truong-va-nhiet-do\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-tieu-chuan-ong-va-yeu-cau-chung-chi\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-thiet-ke-toi-uu-hieu-suat-truyen-nhiet\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-rui-ro-an-mon-va-cach-kiem-soat\">R\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-gia-cong-lap-dat-va-kiem-dinh-chat-luong\">Gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-kich-thuoc-va-tinh-trang-cung-ung-pho-bien-tai-vie\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng cung \u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-vi-du-ung-dung-dien-hinh\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-bao-tri-va-lam-sach-de-keo-dai-tuoi-tho\">B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-chi-phi-vong-doi-khi-nao-inox-re-hon\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi: khi n\u00e0o inox \u201cr\u1ebb\u201d h\u01a1n?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-checklist-chon-ong-inox-cho-ky-su-thiet-ke\">Checklist ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng inox cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng (h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u), b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e1i tim\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u2013 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng inox ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eb7n v\u00e0 m\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec7t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng inox trong b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0103n m\u00f2n, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-ong-inox-la-lua-chon-chu-dao-cho-bo-trao-do\">V\u00ec sao \u1ed1ng inox l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o cho b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ki\u1ec1m, dung m\u00f4i), kh\u00ed \u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c cao h\u01a1n, \u00edt x\u00f3i m\u00f2n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi Cu-Ni v\u00e0 th\u00e9p carbon, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00eda l\u01b0u ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch, \u00edt b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 fouling v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n, u\u1ed1n U-bend, t\u1ea1o \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh\/\u1ed1ng g\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t).<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t: inox c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon v\u00e0 Cu-Ni (Inox austenitic ~14\u201316 W\/m\u00b7K; Duplex ~18\u201319; Cu-Ni 70\/30 ~29; th\u00e9p carbon ~45\u201350). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng:<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n (cho ph\u00e9p do \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u0103ng v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng (gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n x\u00f3i m\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng c\u00f3 g\u00e2n\/corrugated t\u1ea1o r\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng, t\u0103ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-cac-dang-bo-trao-doi-nhiet-dung-ong-inox\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Shell-and-tube: b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng, b\u00ecnh bay h\u01a1i, reboiler, heater\/cooler trong l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u \u2013 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u2013 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; U-tube v\u00e0 straight tube; \u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n, \u1ed1ng low-finned, \u1ed1ng g\u00e2n trong.<br \/>\n&#8211; Air cooler\/finned-tube: \u1ed1ng inox l\u00e0m l\u00f5i mang c\u00e1nh nh\u00f4m\/th\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Coil\/serpentine: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i, gia nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (CIP\/SIP).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-lua-chon-mac-inox-theo-moi-truong-va-nhiet-do\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 (pitting\/crevice), ch\u1ed1ng SCC clorua, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, h\u00e0n\/l\u1eafp v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L (PREN ~18): n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt s\u1ea1ch, d\u1ea7u \u2013 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a clorua, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh; tr\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/Cl- cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (PREN ~24\u201326): n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1ee9a clorua v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (<200 ppm) \u1edf <40\u201350\u00b0C; thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch; c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng SCC khi >60\u00b0C v\u00e0 Cl- hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 321\/316Ti: \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh carbide cho v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t cao (\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, ~>450\u00b0C), khi c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L (PREN ~34) v\u00e0 254SMO (PREN ~43\u201345): n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/Cl- cao, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1\/halide; ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/crevice xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc; chi ph\u00ed cao nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 (PREN ~34\u201336): n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u t\u1ed1c cao, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u201cworkhorse\u201d cho \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n; ch\u1ed1ng SCC clorua t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao \u2192 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Super Duplex 2507 (PREN ~41\u201343): n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, l\u01b0u t\u1ed1c l\u1edbn; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ef1c cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic 444\/446: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng clorua v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh; d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n austenitic, gi\u00e1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd; c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ee3i \u00fd nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt s\u1ea1ch, <50\u00b0C: 304L\/316L.\n- N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, <40\u00b0C, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c trung b\u00ecnh: 2205 ho\u1eb7c 904L\/254SMO t\u00f9y ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch.\n- N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, >40\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u t\u1ed1c cao: 2507\/254SMO\/2205 (\u01b0u ti\u00ean Duplex\/Super Duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t\/gia nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: 321\/316Ti\/347.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (axit axetic, formic): 904L\/254SMO; ki\u1ec3m tra t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-tieu-chuan-ong-va-yeu-cau-chung-chi\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A213\/ASME SA-213: \u1ed0ng inox li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch (seamless) cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (austenitic\/ferritic).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A249\/ASME SA-249: \u1ed0ng inox h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang (welded) cho trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u2013 u\u1ed1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A269: \u1ed0ng inox austenitic cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A789\/A790: \u1ed0ng duplex\/super duplex (seamless\/h\u00e0n).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A450\/A1016: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung, th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; TEMA (Class B\/C\/R): ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1ed1ng, baffle, \u1ed1ng U, m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p \u1ed1ng\u2013\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra\/NDT: Eddy current (ASTM E426\/E571), PMI, hydrotest, nghi\u1ec7m thu 3.1\/3.2 (EN 10204).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-thiet-ke-toi-uu-hieu-suat-truyen-nhiet\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; OD ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: 12.7; 15.88; 19.05; 25.4 mm. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y: 0.9\u20132.11 mm (BWG 20\u201316).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi Duplex\/Super Duplex (nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y cao), gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Pitch \u1ed1ng, baffle cut v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch baffle t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u2013 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p \u2013 rung.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 316L trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n: v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u22643\u20134 m\/s.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean 6 m\/s; Super Duplex\/254SMO: cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t rung do d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y: baffle h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, thanh ch\u1ed1ng rung, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i nh\u1ecbp \u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p TEMA.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ed0ng low-finned\/corrugated\/inner-rifled: t\u0103ng r\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, n\u00e2ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 phim.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 gi\u1eef fouling th\u1ea5p, duy tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 U \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-rui-ro-an-mon-va-cach-kiem-soat\">R\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1ed7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebd n\u1ee9t (pitting\/crevice): hay g\u1eb7p \u1edf clorua; ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c c\u00f3 PREN cao (Mo, N), lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf khe h\u1edf, b\u1ecbt k\u00edn khe \u1ed1ng \u2013 \u1ed1ng t\u1ea5m t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; SCC clorua (stress corrosion cracking): 304\/316 nh\u1ea1y \u1edf >60\u00b0C; \u01b0u ti\u00ean Duplex 2205\/2507 ho\u1eb7c 904L\/254SMO khi c\u00f3 Cl- v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; MIC (\u0103n m\u00f2n do vi sinh): tr\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng, shock clo c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec clo t\u1ef1 do cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Erosion-corrosion: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1t\/solids, d\u00f9ng Duplex\/Super Duplex khi l\u01b0u t\u1ed1c l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ea1t: d\u00f9ng m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (321\/347) ho\u1eb7c L-grade; x\u1eed l\u00fd pickling \u2013 passivation sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gh\u00e9p \u1ed1ng\u2013\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5m: h\u00e0n k\u00edn ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e3n n\u1edf\/h\u00e0n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc overlay h\u1ee3p kim cao (316L\/Alloy 625) cho \u1ed1ng t\u1ea5m carbon\/th\u00e9p th\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n galvanic\/crevice.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-gia-cong-lap-dat-va-kiem-dinh-chat-luong\">Gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; U-bending: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh theo TEMA; ch\u1ed1ng d\u1eadp s\u00f3ng, n\u1ee9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; ki\u1ec3m tra UT\/ET sau u\u1ed1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: orbital\/TIG; kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ea1ch; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ferit l\u1eabn trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n austenitic; v\u1edbi Duplex, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha.<br \/>\n&#8211; Pickling &#038; passivation: axit nitric\/citric \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng; tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft (d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1\/ m\u1ea1t th\u00e9p carbon).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 th\u1eed k\u00edn: hydrotest, kh\u00ed tr\u01a1\/heli leak test cho b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng; ET baseline \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh sau v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n: n\u00fat b\u1ecbt hai \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; tr\u00e1nh h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i b\u00e1m trong kho ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-kich-thuoc-va-tinh-trang-cung-ung-pho-bien-tai-vie\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng cung \u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; OD: 12.7; 15.88; 19.05; 25.4 mm. WT: 0.9\u20132.11 mm. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i: 6\u201312 m; U-bend theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: \u1ee7 s\u00e1ng (BA) ho\u1eb7c \u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng (annealed &#038; pickled).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i: seamless (A213\/A789) cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao, nhi\u1ec7t cao; welded (A249\/A790) hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bead v\u00e0 purge t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-vi-du-ung-dung-dien-hinh\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00f3ng t\u00e0u\/b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n: b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. \u1ed0ng Duplex 2205 thay Cu-Ni gi\u00fap t\u0103ng v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1m sinh h\u1ecdc, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd >20 n\u0103m n\u1ebfu v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n: feedwater heater. 304L\/316L ho\u1eb7c 321 cho ph\u00eda h\u01a1i\/condensate s\u1ea1ch; theo d\u00f5i oxy h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: reboiler axit axetic. 904L\/254SMO ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/crevice; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p \u1ed1ng\u2013\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5m h\u00e0n k\u00edn, v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 CIP.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-bao-tri-va-lam-sach-de-keo-dai-tuoi-tho\">B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: ch\u1ed5i m\u1ec1m\/bi x\u1ed1p tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n (cho b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng) tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: CIP b\u1eb1ng axit citric\/axit nh\u1eb9; trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 r\u1eeda k\u1ef9. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng NaOCl n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao\/k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: tr\u00e1nh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (stagnant), s\u1ed1c clo ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t MIC, l\u1ecdc c\u1eb7n r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-chi-phi-vong-doi-khi-nao-inox-re-hon\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi: khi n\u00e0o inox \u201cr\u1ebb\u201d h\u01a1n?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; CAPEX c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon\/Cu-Ni, nh\u01b0ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u0103ng v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m fouling \u2192 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n, \u00edt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u01b0a h\u01a1n, th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng \u00edt h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nK\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu (TCO) th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong 5\u201320 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-checklist-chon-ong-inox-cho-ky-su-thiet-ke\">Checklist ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng inox cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: Cl- (ppm), pH, oxy h\u00f2a tan, vi sinh, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n\/rung.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, \u0103n m\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p (corrosion allowance).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n v\u1ec7 sinh (c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc\/h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p \u1ed1ng\u2013\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5m (gi\u00e3n n\u1edf\/h\u00e0n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 NDT y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (ASTM\/TEMA\/ASME).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ee9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh TCO theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Guidelines for the use of stainless steel in seawater; Stainless steels in heat exchangers. https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; TEMA Standards (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association). https:\/\/www.tema.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM International \u2013 A213, A249, A269, A789\/A790, A450\/A1016. https:\/\/www.astm.org<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA (International Molybdenum Association) \u2013 Molybdenum-containing stainless steels in heat exchangers. https:\/\/www.imoa.info<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Corrosion Handbook \u2013 Material selection guidance. https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ed0ng inox quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Cl-, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c), tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/TEMA, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khe h\u1edf v\u00e0 rung, duy tr\u00ec b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, Duplex 2205\/2507, 904L hay 254SMO th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i TCO t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m fouling, t\u0103ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 U v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u00e1c \u1ed1ng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng inox cho b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t: m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/TEMA, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0103n m\u00f2n, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1326"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}