{"id":1332,"date":"2025-11-20T00:36:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T17:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-316l-khong-the-thieu-trong-cong-nghiep-dong-tau\/"},"modified":"2025-11-20T00:36:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T17:36:00","slug":"vi-sao-inox-316l-khong-the-thieu-trong-cong-nghiep-dong-tau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/vi-sao-inox-316l-khong-the-thieu-trong-cong-nghiep-dong-tau\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao inox 316L kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-thanh-phan-co-che-chong-an-mon-va-y-nghia-cua-l\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201cL\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-tinh-chat-co-hoc-do-tin-cay-va-gia-cong\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tren-tau-va-gian\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u00e0 gi\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-316l-so-voi-304-316-c-cao-va-cac-lua-chon-cao-cap\">316L so v\u1edbi 304, 316 (C cao) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cao c\u1ea5p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-gioi-han-su-dung-va-luu-y-thiet-ke-quan-trong\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-quy-trinh-hanche-tao-dat-chuan-hang-hai\">Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n\/ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-tieu-chuan-chung-chi-va-luu-y-mua-hang-tai-viet-na\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd mua h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-vi-du-thuc-te-va-hieu-qua-kinh-te\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-khi-nao-316l-khong-du-va-lua-chon-thay-the\">Khi n\u00e0o 316L kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao-ky-thuat\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 316L t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ea9n\u201d cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua, d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong b\u1ee9c tranh r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a inox cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng, 316L l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00ec t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u00fd do 316L l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf tr\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u00e0 gi\u00e0n n\u1ed5i, k\u00e8m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-thanh-phan-co-che-chong-an-mon-va-y-nghia-cua-l\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201cL\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e1c th\u00e9p: ASTM\/ASME 316L; EN 1.4404; UNS S31603.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: Cr 16.5\u201318.5%, Ni 10\u201313%, Mo 2.0\u20132.5%, C \u2264 0.03%, N ~0.05%. Molypden (Mo) l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00eca kh\u00f3a\u201d t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 (pitting) v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number): PREN = %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N. 316L th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t ~24\u201326, cao h\u01a1n 304 (~18\u201319), cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong dung d\u1ecbch clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cL\u201d = Low Carbon: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C \u2264 0.03% gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbit Cr \u1edf 450\u2013850\u00b0C, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi sau h\u00e0n. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, 316L h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau h\u00e0n trong \u0111a s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n:<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n gi\u00e0u ion Cl- g\u00e2y r\u1ed7, \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (SCC). Nh\u1edd Mo v\u00e0 N, 316L kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi 304, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng b\u1eafn t\u00f3e (splash zone) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; SCC clorua: Austenit n\u00f3i chung nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 > 60\u00b0C. 316L ch\u1ecbu SCC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: Outokumpu Datasheet 316\/316L; Nickel Institute \u2013 Stainless Steels in Marine Environments; IMOA \u2013 Molybdenum in Stainless Steels.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-tinh-chat-co-hoc-do-tin-cay-va-gia-cong\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (t\u1ea5m ASTM A240): Rp0.2 \u2265 170 MPa; Rm \u2265 485 MPa; \u03b4 \u2265 40%; \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (cryogenic).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: GTAW\/TIG, GMAW\/MIG, SMAW; d\u00f9ng que\/kim ER316L, E316L-xx ho\u1eb7c 316LSi (GMAW) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng: D\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n, c\u00e1n, d\u1eadp; g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb sau bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: No.1 (c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng t\u1ea9y), 2B\/2D (c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i). Sau ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3.<\/p>\n<p>Chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac: ASTM A312\/A358; Thanh: ASTM A276.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i (ABS, DNV, LR) ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn trong nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tren-tau-va-gian\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u00e0 gi\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n: \u1ed0ng h\u00fat\/x\u1ea3, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc (strainer), v\u1ecf b\u01a1m, \u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ballast\/bilge, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda boong, c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n (ch\u00fa \u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf).<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u1ecf\u2013\u1ed1ng, k\u00e9t ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt\/n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1m, b\u1ed3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n boong: Lan can, c\u00e1p, bul\u00f4ng\/\u1ed1c, c\u1ea7u thang, gi\u1eb1ng, n\u1eafp h\u1ea7m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, b\u1ed3n r\u1eeda \u2013 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec7 sinh, ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a inox 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3\/scrubber: nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 d\u00f9ng 316L; ri\u00eang v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda c\u00f3 pH th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 clorua cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim cao h\u01a1n (254 SMO\/6Mo, h\u1ee3p kim Ni).<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi:<br \/>\n&#8211; So v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7, 316L gi\u1ea3m chu k\u1ef3 s\u01a1n\/ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1eebng t\u00e0u, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n \u2192 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC) th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong 10\u201320 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i boong (Nickel Institute, IMOA).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-316l-so-voi-304-316-c-cao-va-cac-lua-chon-cao-cap\">316L so v\u1edbi 304, 316 (C cao) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cao c\u1ea5p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 316L vs 304: 316L c\u00f3 Mo \u2192 kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed7 nhanh trong v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7n gi\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L vs 316: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng 316 c\u00f3 C cao h\u01a1n (\u22640.08%), d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi sau h\u00e0n \u1edf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u00e0y. 316L gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y \u2192 \u201cchu\u1ea9n\u201d cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n trong \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n 316L:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, \u0111\u1ecdng\/stagnant, nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebd h\u1edf \u2192 x\u00e9t Duplex 2205 (PREN ~35, b\u1ec1n cao, t\u1ed1t cho \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c), ho\u1eb7c 904L\/6Mo cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 > 60\u00b0C trong clorua v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o cao \u2192 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc Duplex\/Titanium \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m SCC.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-gioi-han-su-dung-va-luu-y-thiet-ke-quan-trong\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf: m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p m\u1eb7t b\u00edch, gio\u0103ng, k\u1eb9p \u00f4m, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0i nh\u1eb5n \u2192 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, bo m\u00e9p l\u1edbn, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, m\u00e0i nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc: \u01afu ti\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m. Tr\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u1eabn c\u00e1t\/b\u00f9n g\u00e2y x\u00f3i m\u00f2n; l\u1eafp l\u1ecdc k\u00e9p \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng SCC: H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch clorua > 60\u00b0C; gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 (ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i, quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n); d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u00edt clorua, kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: R\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u1edf v\u00f9ng b\u1eafn t\u00f3e; tr\u00e1nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda ch\u1ee9a clorua cao; s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa s\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c c\u1eb7p k\u1ec1 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed k\u00edn\/hydrotest: D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, Cl- th\u1ea5p (<30\u201350 ppm), pH trung t\u00ednh; x\u1ea3 c\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 ngay sau th\u1eed.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-quy-trinh-hanche-tao-dat-chuan-hang-hai\">Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n\/ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n<h3>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n v\u00e0 tham s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n: ER\/E308L kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; ch\u1ecdn ER316L\/316LSi, E316L-17 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec Mo trong kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferrite trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf \u03b4-ferrite (~3\u201310%) gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng; \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh qua que\/kim v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o: Trung b\u00ecnh\u2013th\u1ea5p, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pass.<\/p>\n<h3>X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng gel\/paste ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec3; r\u1eeda k\u1ef9; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1eeb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p carbon).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra: PMI x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c (Mo\/Ni); ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1ed7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; NDT t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p; th\u1eed \u00e1p theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-tieu-chuan-chung-chi-va-luu-y-mua-hang-tai-viet-na\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd mua h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Quy c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi h\u00e0ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240 316L; EN 1.4404.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng: ASTM A312 TP316L (h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac); ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n: ASTM A403 WP316L.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thanh\/tr\u00f2n: ASTM A276 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9: EN 10204 3.1; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u heat number truy xu\u1ea5t; c\u00f3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m (ABS\/DNV\/LR) n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng cho h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ch\u1ecbu quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh\/SDR, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (No.1, 2B), tolerances, pickled &#038; passivated. V\u1edbi \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng: PMI t\u1ea1i kho, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ed7\/va \u0111\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u01a1\u2013l\u00fd\u2013h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n; l\u01b0u kho kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a clorua.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-vi-du-thuc-te-va-hieu-qua-kinh-te\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ec7 \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t tr\u00ean t\u00e0u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i: chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u00e9p carbon s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 sang 316L gi\u00fap t\u0103ng chu k\u1ef3 thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb ~3\u20135 n\u0103m l\u00ean 10\u201315 n\u0103m (t\u00f9y l\u01b0u t\u1ed1c, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1ec7 sinh), gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed d\u1eebng t\u00e0u v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Nickel Institute v\u00e0 IMOA ghi nh\u1eadn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng LCC c\u1ee7a inox austenit c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n clorua trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-khi-nao-316l-khong-du-va-lua-chon-thay-the\">Khi n\u00e0o 316L kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t: n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng, pH th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 SOx\/NOx (x\u1ea3 scrubber) \u2192 xem x\u00e9t 254 SMO\/6Mo, 904L ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao, \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n: Duplex 2205 cho \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/heat exchangers.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 clorua cao v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o: Titanium Gr.2 cho b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao-ky-thuat\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Outokumpu, Stainless steel 316\/316L datasheet (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute, Stainless Steels in Marine Environments; Life-Cycle Costing of Stainless Steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; International Molybdenum Association (IMOA), Molybdenum in Stainless Steels; Stainless steels in seawater.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240\/A312\/A276\/A403 (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Inox 316L l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00ec k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ng clorua (nh\u1edd Mo), kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i (nh\u1edd C th\u1ea5p), c\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, 316L mang l\u1ea1i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7. Ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n clorua c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc duplex hay h\u1ee3p kim cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do 316L v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, quy c\u00e1ch h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00ec sao inox 316L kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u: kh\u00e1ng clorua v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao, chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/EN. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1050,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1332"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1332\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}