{"id":1336,"date":"2025-11-21T00:36:22","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T17:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/asme-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox-huong-dan-section-viii\/"},"modified":"2025-11-21T00:36:22","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T17:36:22","slug":"asme-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox-huong-dan-section-viii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/asme-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox-huong-dan-section-viii\/","title":{"rendered":"ASME cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox: h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Section VIII"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-bo-tieu-chuan-asme-ap-dung-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-in\">B\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASME \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-lua-chon-vat-lieu-inox-theo-asme-section-ii\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox theo ASME Section II<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-thiet-ke-theo-asme-section-viii\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ASME Section VIII<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-han-va-che-tao-yeu-cau-section-viii-section-ix\">H\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Section VIII, Section IX<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-xu-ly-be-mat-va-ve-sinh-cho-inox\">X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh cho inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-kiem-tra-nde-va-thu-ap\">Ki\u1ec3m tra NDE v\u00e0 th\u1eed \u00e1p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-danh-dau-chung-nhan-va-ho-so\">\u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-loi-thuong-gap-voi-binh-inox-va-cach-phong-tranh\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh inox v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-ung-dung-dien-hinh-trong-hoa-chat-nang-luong-dong-\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-trien-khai-tai-viet-nam-luu-y-mua-sam-va-che-tao\">Tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: l\u01b0u \u00fd mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-bang-kiem-nhanh-asme-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox\">B\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m nhanh ASME cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>B\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (inox) l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u. Chu\u1ea9n ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn an to\u00e0n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ASME tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho b\u00ecnh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-bo-tieu-chuan-asme-ap-dung-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-in\">B\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASME \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASME BPVC Section VIII \u2013 Pressure Vessels:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Division 1: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo quy t\u1eafc (Design by Rules), d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Division 2: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e2ng cao (Design by Analysis), \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p cao h\u01a1n, NDE nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ecfi; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\/th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Division 3: r\u1ea5t cao \u00e1p (th\u01b0\u1eddng > 69 MPa), ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section II \u2013 Materials:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Part A\/B: ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (SA-xxx), \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1nh ASTM.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Part D: b\u1ea3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p, m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section IX \u2013 Welding Qualifications: quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n (WPS), bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1eed quy tr\u00ecnh (PQR), ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section V \u2013 Nondestructive Examination: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh NDE (RT, UT, PT, MT, VT).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM A240 (SA-240) \u2013 t\u1ea5m\/coil inox; ASTM A312 (SA-312) \u2013 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac; ASTM A182 (SA-182) \u2013 chi ti\u1ebft r\u00e8n; ASTM A403 (SA-403) \u2013 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; NBIC NB-23 \u2013 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa\/c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o b\u00ecnh \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh; API 510 \u2013 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ecnh trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<br \/>\n  &#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng H2S chua.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-lua-chon-vat-lieu-inox-theo-asme-section-ii\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox theo ASME Section II<\/h2>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic (P-No. 8 theo Section IX):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L (SA-240, SA-312): \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, kinh t\u1ebf; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong clorua n\u00f3ng (nguy c\u01a1 SCC).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L: Mo t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/pitting, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 321\/347: \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a (Ti\/Nb) cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1t ranh gi\u1edbi.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 904L: Si\u00eau h\u1ee3p kim austenitic, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua\/axit m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n (chi ph\u00ed cao).<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex (P-No. 10H):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 2205 (UNS S32205\/S31803): c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ec1n\/corrosion, ch\u1ed1ng SCC clorua t\u1ed1t; ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho scrubber h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, b\u1ed3n x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Super duplex 2507: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao (c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t).<\/p>\n<h3>Quy chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/coil: SA-240 (304L\/316L\/2205\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng: SA-312 (SCH 10\/40\/80\u2026), \u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t SA-213.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u00e8n: SA-182; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n: SA-403; Thanh: SA-479.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tra Section II, Part D \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p S theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; L-grade (304L\/316L) gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L: tr\u00e1nh > 50\u201360\u00b0C n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o v\u00e0 clorua; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316L, 2205 ho\u1eb7c l\u00f3t (lining).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 NACE\/ISO n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 H2S.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-thiet-ke-theo-asme-section-viii\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ASME Section VIII<\/h2>\n<h3>Div 1 \u2013 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo quy t\u1eafc<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y th\u00e2n tr\u1ee5: theo UG-27 (\u00e1p l\u1ef1c trong). C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n E (UW-12) theo m\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m tra RT (UW-11).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Dung sai c\u00e1n (mill tolerance) v\u00e0 allowance \u0103n m\u00f2n (CA). Inox th\u01b0\u1eddng CA = 0\u20131 mm t\u00f9y d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecfm (heads) theo UG-32:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Elip 2:1, torispherical, b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed7\/nozzle: UG-37. T\u00ednh di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00f9 theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7, E c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p l\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i\/ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng: UG-28, d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong external pressure v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01b0\u1eddn t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kim lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (MDMT) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai va \u0111\u1eadp:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung theo UG-20\/UG-84; v\u1edbi inox austenitic, \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n UHA trong Div 1 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p mi\u1ec5n th\u1eed va \u0111\u1eadp \u1edf MDMT th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (xem UHA-5x trong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Duplex th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t th\u1eed va \u0111\u1eadp \u1edf MDMT; x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn theo UHA v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5: t\u1ea3i gi\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nozzle loads, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee1\/ch\u00e2n v\u00e1y; ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (local stress) ho\u1eb7c tham chi\u1ebfu Div 2 khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; An to\u00e0n qu\u00e1 \u00e1p: van an to\u00e0n\/\u0111\u0129a n\u1ed5 theo UG-125 tr\u1edf \u0111i; x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh MAWP, set pressure v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h3>Div 2 \u2013 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p cao h\u01a1n (do h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n Div 1), h\u1ea1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y; c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (FEA) theo Part 5, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ecfi, t\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00f2m\/ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, NDE nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n; ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn AI t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: b\u00ecnh m\u1ecfng c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eaft (duplex\/super duplex), chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p cao.<\/p>\n<h3>Div 3 \u2013 r\u1ea5t cao \u00e1p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb > 69 MPa; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e2ng cao, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. \u00cdt khi d\u00f9ng trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-han-va-che-tao-yeu-cau-section-viii-section-ix\">H\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Section VIII, Section IX<\/h2>\n<h3>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh\/WPS ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng PQR theo Section IX.<br \/>\n&#8211; P-Number \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; P-No. 8: Inox austenitic 3xx (304\/316\/321\/347).<br \/>\n  &#8211; P-No. 10H: Duplex 2205\/2507.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n (SFA):<br \/>\n  &#8211; GTAW\/GMAW: ER308L\/ER316L (SFA-5.9), cho 304L\/316L; v\u1edbi 321\/347 d\u00f9ng ER347\/ER321 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch.<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW: E308L-XX\/E316L-XX (SFA-5.4).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferrite trong kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n austenitic: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t 3\u201310 FN \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t; \u0111o b\u1eb1ng Ferritscope.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha 35\u201355% ferrite; \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa (interpass th\u01b0\u1eddng < 150\u00b0C).\n\n\n\n<h3>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi inox<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c PWHT cho austenitic; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n PWHT tr\u1eeb khi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd dung d\u1ecbch.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 (argon) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t oxy d\u01b0 < 100 ppm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0103n m\u00f2n cao.\n- H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch theo SA-240\/SA-312.\n- Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n Fe: d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox, v\u1ec7 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n.\n- Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a (sensitization) \u1edf 304\/316; d\u00f9ng L-grade v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p.\n\n\n\n<h3>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Joint categories (UW-3) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t E (UW-12) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c RT\/UT theo UW-11:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Full RT (RT1): E t\u1ed1i \u0111a, gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y; \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed1i d\u1ecdc th\u00e2n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Spot RT (RT3) ho\u1eb7c UT thay th\u1ebf theo Section V khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-xu-ly-be-mat-va-ve-sinh-cho-inox\">X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh cho inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM A380\/A967 sau h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n\/HAZ.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft, x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, t\u1ea9y c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5; trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua, gi\u1ea3m khe h\u1edf\/crevice v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eed \u00e1p\/hydrotest: clorua th\u1ea5p (< 50 ppm cho austenitic l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t), r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 sau th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh SCC do clorua l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-kiem-tra-nde-va-thu-ap\">Ki\u1ec3m tra NDE v\u00e0 th\u1eed \u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; NDE theo Section V v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a VIII:<br \/>\n  &#8211; PT: n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ee9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; RT\/UT: theo UW-50 series v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1edf thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<br \/>\n  &#8211; VT: 100% v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n; PMI: x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng (304L vs 316L vs 2205).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u00e1p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c (UG-99): \u00e1p th\u1eed \u2248 1,3 \u00d7 MAWP, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed\/thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00ed n\u00e9n (UG-100): ch\u1ec9 khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edn r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 tinh (helium) khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Van an to\u00e0n\/\u0111\u0129a n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 UV-Stamp), sizing theo UG-125 tr\u1edf \u0111i; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-danh-dau-chung-nhan-va-ho-so\">\u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; U-Stamp\/UM-Stamp: do Authorized Inspector (AI) gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t; g\u1eafn nameplate theo quy c\u00e1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; Manufacturer\u2019s Data Report (Form U-1) ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 k\u00fd b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 AI.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u00e0n giao:<br \/>\n  &#8211; MTR\/COC v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo Section II; phi\u1ebfu PMI.<br \/>\n  &#8211; WPS\/PQR\/Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n theo Section IX.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u00e1o c\u00e1o NDE, bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1eed \u00e1p, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec7t (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-loi-thuong-gap-voi-binh-inox-va-cach-phong-tranh\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh inox v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ee9t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t do clorua (SCC) \u1edf 304\/316 khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 > 50\u201360\u00b0C v\u00e0 c\u00f3 clorua: ch\u1ecdn 316L\/duplex, gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f2n d\u01b0, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n khe\/k\u1ebd: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m khe, ch\u1ecdn gio\u0103ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (PTFE, spiral wound 316L\/graphite).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft khi gia c\u00f4ng: d\u1eabn t\u1edbi r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u; \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng A380\/A967 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Hydrotest b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 clorua cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda\/s\u1ea5y: g\u00e2y r\u1ed7\/SCC s\u1edbm.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n duplex ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7t: m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ec1n\/kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n; c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ki\u1ec3m tra pha.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-ung-dung-dien-hinh-trong-hoa-chat-nang-luong-dong-\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: th\u00e1p h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, th\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, b\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch, b\u00ecnh r\u1eeda kh\u00ed; 316L\/904L v\u00e0 duplex cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a hydrogen, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, b\u00ecnh kh\u00ed n\u00e9n; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t hydro theo Div 2 khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00f3ng t\u00e0u: scrubber SOx, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BWMS; 2205 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, 316L cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u00edt kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-trien-khai-tai-viet-nam-luu-y-mua-sam-va-che-tao\">Tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: l\u01b0u \u00fd mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt t\u01b0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: t\u1ea5m SA-240 304L\/316L\/2205, \u1ed1ng SA-312 SCH 10\/40, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n SA-403, m\u1eb7t b\u00edch SA-182.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 3.1\/3.2, PMI t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 ferrite check cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn U-Stamp, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ASME h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 AI \u0111i k\u00e8m; ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m tra witness c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00e2n, th\u1eed \u00e1p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-bang-kiem-nhanh-asme-cho-binh-chiu-ap-luc-inox\">B\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3m nhanh ASME cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi Div 1\/2 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: P, T, MAWP, MDMT, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u SA-240\/SA-312 \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c, tra S theo Section II-D; x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh CA v\u00e0 mill tolerance.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y UG-27\/UG-32; gia c\u01b0\u1eddng nozzle UG-37; ki\u1ec3m tra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh UG-28.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c NDE v\u00e0 E theo UW-11\/UW-12; l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch RT\/UT\/PT.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1eadp WPS\/PQR theo Section IX; ch\u1ecdn filler ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ferrite v\u00e0 kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch A380\/A967; quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 sau th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u1eed \u00e1p UG-99\/UG-100; sizing thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n UG-125+.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n U-1 Data Report, nameplate v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u v\u1edbi AI.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII Divisions 1, 2, 3; Section II (Parts A, D); Section V; Section IX, 2023 Edition.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M; ASTM A312\/A312M; ASTM A380; ASTM A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; NBIC NB-23, National Board Inspection Code.<br \/>\n&#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng H2S).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>ASME BPVC cung c\u1ea5p khung \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c inox an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u00e0 gia c\u01b0\u1eddng theo Section VIII, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0n theo Section IX, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng NDE\/thu\u1ef7 l\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 U-Stamp khi c\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9a clorua hay t\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316L ho\u1eb7c duplex v\u00e0, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, chuy\u1ec3n sang Div 2. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u00ecnh inox \u0111\u1ea1t tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed trong h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ASME, hay b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 SA-240\/SA-312 s\u1eb5n h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chu\u1ea9n ASME cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, h\u00e0n, NDT v\u00e0 th\u1eed \u00e1p b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. So s\u00e1nh Div 1\/2, ch\u1ecdn inox 304\/316\/duplex.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1047,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1336"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1336\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}