{"id":1338,"date":"2025-11-21T12:34:40","date_gmt":"2025-11-21T05:34:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-chiu-nhiet-cho-lo-hoi-lo-nung-chon-310s-309s-253ma-347h\/"},"modified":"2025-11-21T12:34:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T05:34:40","slug":"inox-chiu-nhiet-cho-lo-hoi-lo-nung-chon-310s-309s-253ma-347h","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-chiu-nhiet-cho-lo-hoi-lo-nung-chon-310s-309s-253ma-347h\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cho l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, l\u00f2 nung: ch\u1ecdn 310S, 309S, 253MA, 347H"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-nhung-yeu-cau-ky-thuat-cot-loi-o-nhiet-do-cao\">Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-nhom-mac-inox-chiu-nhiet-chu-luc-cho-lo-hoi-lo-nun\">Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1c inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c cho l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, l\u00f2 nung<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-ho-so-tung-mac-gioi-han-nhiet-va-ung-dung-dien-hin\">H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1eebng m\u00e1c: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-chon-mac-theo-nhiet-do-va-moi-truong-van-hanh\">Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ung-dung-thuc-te-theo-nganh\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf theo ng\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-tieu-chuan-mac-tuong-duong-va-dang-hang\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, m\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-han-gia-cong-va-lap-dat-nhung-diem-can-luu-y\">H\u00e0n, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t: nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-goi-y-lua-chon-nhanh-theo-kich-ban-pho-bien\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-loi-lua-chon-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-chi-phi-nguon-cung\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p N\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, xi m\u0103ng, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 hay l\u00f2 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00f2 h\u01a1i\/l\u00f2 nung v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (310S, 309S, 253MA, 347H, 321H, 304H, 446\u2026) v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd gia c\u00f4ng \u2013 h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-nhung-yeu-cau-ky-thuat-cot-loi-o-nhiet-do-cao\">Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a (scaling): Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng Cr2O3\/SiO2 b\u1ec1n \u1edf 900\u20131150\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o (creep): Ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf 500\u2013750\u00b0C (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t\/l\u00f2 h\u01a1i).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng cacbon h\u00f3a\/nitrid h\u00f3a: Trong kh\u00ed l\u00f2 gi\u00e0u CO\/CH4\/NH3.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh: Kh\u00ed SO2\/H2S l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf: Austenitic gi\u00e3n n\u1edf l\u1edbn, d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng b\u00f9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n \u2013 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o: Ferritic Cr cao (nh\u01b0 446) kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n h\u01a1n austenitic.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-nhom-mac-inox-chiu-nhiet-chu-luc-cho-lo-hoi-lo-nun\">Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1c inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c cho l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, l\u00f2 nung<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t: 309\/309S (23Cr-12Ni), 310\/310S (25Cr-20Ni), 253MA (UNS S30815), 321\/321H (Ti \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh), 347\/347H (Nb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh), 304H\/316H (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C cao cho creep).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic Cr cao: 446 (\u224826%Cr) ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh, h\u00e0n kh\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o k\u00e9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: Duplex kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean ~300\u2013350\u00b0C do gi\u00f2n pha sigma; h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u00fac ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t (HK40\/HP40) d\u00f9ng cho radiant tube, nh\u01b0ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi \u201cth\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00e1n\/\u0111\u00fac li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch\u201d trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-ho-so-tung-mac-gioi-han-nhiet-va-ung-dung-dien-hin\">H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1eebng m\u00e1c: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n<h3>304H (UNS S30409), 316H (UNS S31609)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Vai tr\u00f2: T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o v\u00f9ng 500\u2013700\u00b0C cho \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ed9 h\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: Creep t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn ~600\u2013650\u00b0C; \u00f4xy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1i \u0111a ~870\u00b0C trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u201c\u0111\u1ec9nh cao\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: \u1ed0ng l\u00f2 h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: ASTM A213 (\u1ed1ng l\u00f2 h\u01a1i), A312 (\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p), A240 (t\u1ea5m).<\/p>\n<h3>321\/321H (UNS S32100\/S32109) \u2013 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng Ti<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh: Ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a (carbide Cr) khi h\u00e0n; creep t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304 \u1edf 550\u2013700\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: D\u00f9ng b\u1ec1n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn ~870\u2013900\u00b0C; d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 creep \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh 540\u2013700\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: \u1ed0ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00f2 h\u01a1i; \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng que 347 ho\u1eb7c 321; v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 >450\u00b0C \u01b0u ti\u00ean que 347 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Nb).<\/p>\n<h3>347\/347H (UNS S34700\/S34709) \u2013 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng Nb<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh: \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 321 \u1edf d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t cao; creep t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 321H; d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u cho superheater 540\u2013650\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: \u1ed0ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t\/\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n l\u00f2 h\u01a1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: ASTM A213 TP347H, A312 TP347H, A240 347.<\/p>\n<h3>309\/309S (UNS S30900\/S30908)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: ~23%Cr, 12%Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: Kh\u00e1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn ~980\u20131000\u00b0C li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ~1035\u00b0C gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: V\u1ecf l\u00f2, b\u00edch, gi\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, t\u1ea5m che l\u00f2, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp l\u1eeda m\u1ee9c 900\u20131000\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: Creep k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 310S\/253MA; gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trong kh\u00ed l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h3>310\/310S (UNS S31000\/S31008)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: ~25%Cr, 20%Ni; 310S c\u00f3 C th\u1ea5p d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: Ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn ~1050\u00b0C li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ~1100\u00b0C gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Radiant parts, \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1t, t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t bu\u1ed3ng l\u1eeda, song ghi l\u00f2, muffle 900\u20131050\u00b0C; ch\u1ecbu cacbon h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 309S.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: Nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi sulfur h\u00f3a trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed; c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u FO nhi\u1ec1u S.<\/p>\n<h3>253MA (UNS S30815, EN 1.4835)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: 21Cr-11Ni-Si-N + \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm; l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng oxit r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: Kh\u00e1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn ~1100\u20131150\u00b0C trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4; \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o v\u01b0\u1ee3t 309\/310S.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Thanh neo ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda (refractory anchors), l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i l\u00f2 nung, \u1ed1ng radiant, bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t 1000\u20131100\u00b0C, chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: Tr\u00e1nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed gi\u00e0u l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o khi h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h3>446 (UNS S44600, EN 1.4762\/1.4763 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00f3m 26Cr ferritic)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh: Ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a c\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn ~1100\u20131150\u00b0C; gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n austenitic n\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: B\u1ec1n r\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo k\u00e9m; kh\u00f3 h\u00e0n\/ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o; kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: T\u1ea5m l\u00f3t l\u00f2, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i nhi\u1ec7t cao, gi\u1ecf nung nh\u1eb9, chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-chon-mac-theo-nhiet-do-va-moi-truong-van-hanh\">Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 400\u2013650\u00b0C, c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, superheater\/reheater): 304H, 316H, 321H, 347H. \u01afu ti\u00ean 321H\/347H khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a v\u00e0 creep t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 650\u2013900\u00b0C, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\/kh\u00ed ch\u00e1y oxy h\u00f3a: 321H\/347H \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi 800\u2013850\u00b0C; tr\u00ean 850\u2013900\u00b0C chuy\u1ec3n sang 309S\/310S.<br \/>\n&#8211; 900\u20131000\u00b0C, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4: 309S ho\u1eb7c 310S; chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i \u01b0u ti\u00ean 310S.<br \/>\n&#8211; 1000\u20131100\u00b0C, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4: 310S ho\u1eb7c 253MA. C\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o cao, neo ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda\/b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i l\u00f2: 253MA.<br \/>\n&#8211; >1100\u00b0C: Xem x\u00e9t 253MA (t\u1ed1i \u0111a ~1150\u00b0C) cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch; n\u1ebfu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fac chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi inox c\u00e1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng carbur h\u00f3a (CO\/CH4): 310S t\u1ed1t; 253MA th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi v\u1eeba c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a v\u1eeba c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nitrid h\u00f3a (NH3, cracking): Austenitic n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n; c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f4i khi ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p kim Ni cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh kh\u1eed (H2S, SO2 + thi\u1ebfu O2, \u0111\u1ed1t FO nhi\u1ec1u S): Gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a austenitic ~100\u2013150\u00b0C; 446 kh\u00e1ng sulfur t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 cho chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i. Khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u1ee3p kim n\u1ec1n Ni.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ung-dung-thuc-te-theo-nganh\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf theo ng\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00f2 h\u01a1i \u2013 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<br \/>\n  + \u1ed0ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t\/\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t: 321H, 347H, 304H (540\u2013650\u00b0C).<br \/>\n  + \u1ed0ng kh\u00f3i nhi\u1ec7t cao, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng: 321\/347, 309S.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00f2 nung g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n kim:<br \/>\n  + V\u1ecf l\u00f2, t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t, c\u1eeda l\u00f2 900\u20131050\u00b0C: 309S\/310S.<br \/>\n  + Neo ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda, b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i l\u00f2, radiant tubes 1000\u20131100\u00b0C: 253MA\/310S.<br \/>\n  + M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 CO\/cacbon: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 310S, 253MA.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u FO\/than l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh:<br \/>\n  + T\u1ea5m l\u00f3t v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i: 446; n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n h\u00e0n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 310S nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-tieu-chuan-mac-tuong-duong-va-dang-hang\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, m\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<br \/>\n  + T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch: ASTM A312; \u1ed0ng l\u00f2 h\u01a1i: ASTM A213; Thanh tr\u00f2n: ASTM A479.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<br \/>\n  + 310S: UNS S31008, EN 1.4845, JIS SUS310S.<br \/>\n  + 309S: UNS S30908, EN 1.4828, JIS SUS309S.<br \/>\n  + 253MA: UNS S30815, EN 1.4835.<br \/>\n  + 347\/347H: UNS S34700\/S34709, EN 1.4550.<br \/>\n  + 321\/321H: UNS S32100\/S32109, EN 1.4541.<br \/>\n  + 304H: UNS S30409, EN 1.4948.<br \/>\n  + 446: UNS S44600, EN nh\u00f3m 1.4762\/1.4763 (t\u00f9y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n).<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<br \/>\n  + T\u1ea5m: 2\u201320 mm (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn), 310S\/309S\/253MA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu d\u00e0y >12 mm.<br \/>\n  + \u1ed0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: DN15\u2013DN300; \u1ed1ng l\u00f2 h\u01a1i theo A213 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 321H\/347H.<br \/>\n  + Thanh tr\u00f2n\/neo ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda: 8\u201332 mm, 253MA\/310S.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-han-gia-cong-va-lap-dat-nhung-diem-can-luu-y\">H\u00e0n, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t: nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  + 310S: d\u00f9ng que\/\u0111\u00e1y 310 ho\u1eb7c 310Mo; n\u1ed1i d\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sang th\u00e9p carbon d\u00f9ng 309L.<br \/>\n  + 309S: d\u00f9ng 309\/309L; d\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sang th\u00e9p carbon c\u0169ng 309L.<br \/>\n  + 321\/321H: d\u00f9ng que 347 cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 >450\u00b0C; ho\u1eb7c 321 n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khai th\u00e1c th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n  + 347\/347H: d\u00f9ng 347.<br \/>\n  + 253MA: d\u00f9ng que chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng 253MA ho\u1eb7c 309\/310 theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u00e0 SX; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef N.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n: Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n preheat v\u1edbi austenitic; tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 sigma. Ferritic 446 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n preheat nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p; m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n gi\u00f2n, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng \u2013 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o: Austenitic gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn (~17\u201319 \u00b5m\/m.K); thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khe gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, g\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t do k\u1eb9t nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/pickling sau h\u00e0n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf heat tint; trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t cao, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng \u00f4x\u00edt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong l\u00f2: Tr\u00e1nh k\u1eb9p c\u1ee9ng hai \u0111\u1ea7u khi chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0i; b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed neo ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng 253MA\/310S \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf g\u00e3y do m\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-goi-y-lua-chon-nhanh-theo-kich-ban-pho-bien\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00f2 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n 950\u20131050\u00b0C, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4: 310S; c\u1ea7n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd\/c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n: 253MA.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00f2 g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 c\u00f3 CO, th\u1eddi gian nung d\u00e0i: 253MA ho\u1eb7c 310S (\u01b0u ti\u00ean 253MA n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i).<br \/>\n&#8211; Bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u FO c\u00f3 S: 446 cho t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i; n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ebft h\u00e0n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p d\u00f9ng 310S nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00f2 h\u01a1i 540\u2013650\u00b0C: 321H ho\u1eb7c 347H; thay 304H khi c\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i: 446 (gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ea5p) ho\u1eb7c 253MA; tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t \u1edf austenitic.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-loi-lua-chon-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng 304\/316 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho chi ti\u1ebft >900\u00b0C: l\u1edbp scale bong nhanh, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng; thay b\u1eb1ng 309S\/310S\/253MA.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 310S cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh kh\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t: nhanh h\u1ecfng do sulfide; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 446 ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n Ni, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Qu\u00ean b\u00f9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1\/d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng: n\u1ee9t t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t, g\u00e3y neo.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n 446 nh\u01b0 austenitic: r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; c\u1ea7n quy tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang cho ferritic Cr cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-chi-phi-nguon-cung\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n cung<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng theo 304H\/321H < 347H \u2248 309S < 310S < 253MA (th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng).  \n- V\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00f2 nung\/l\u00f2 h\u01a1i m\u1edbi: n\u00ean t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng l\u00f2) \u2013 253MA\/310S th\u01b0\u1eddng cho chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 309S khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 >1000\u00b0C v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00f2 h\u01a1i (540\u2013650\u00b0C, c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i): ch\u1ecdn 321H\/347H\/304H theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u creep v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a; 347H th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u201can to\u00e0n\u201d cho superheater.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00f2 nung 900\u20131050\u00b0C: 310S l\u00e0 m\u00e1c \u201cch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c\u201d; 309S ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft \u00edt t\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; 1000\u20131100\u00b0C, c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao: 253MA v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i; n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a, 310S v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh kh\u1eed ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t: xem x\u00e9t 446 cho chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u1ee3p kim n\u1ec1n Ni chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\nCh\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\u2013m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2013t\u1ea3i s\u1ebd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00f2 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n\/l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook; Outokumpu datasheet 253MA (EN 1.4835): gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (outokumpu.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; Alleima\/Sandvik 253 MA material datasheet: kh\u00e1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn 1150\u00b0C, b\u1ec1n r\u00e3o cao (alleima.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; ATI 309\/309S\/310\/310S Datasheets: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0n (atimetals.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute, Guidelines for the Selection of Heat-Resistant Alloys (nickelinstitute.org).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240, A312, A213 \u2013 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng inox ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t (astm.org).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>So s\u00e1nh 310S, 309S, 253MA, 347H, 446: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t, \u00f4xy h\u00f3a, creep, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh\/carbur h\u00f3a; h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1338"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1338\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1338"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1338"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}