{"id":1343,"date":"2025-11-23T00:36:45","date_gmt":"2025-11-22T17:36:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tieu-chuan-inox-304-316l-cho-day-chuyen-che-bien-thuc-pham\/"},"modified":"2025-11-23T00:36:45","modified_gmt":"2025-11-22T17:36:45","slug":"tieu-chuan-inox-304-316l-cho-day-chuyen-che-bien-thuc-pham","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tieu-chuan-inox-304-316l-cho-day-chuyen-che-bien-thuc-pham\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Inox 304, 316L cho d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tieu-chuan-vat-lieu-ap-dung-cho-inox-304316l\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho Inox 304\/316L<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-yeu-cau-ve-sinh-be-mat-va-thiet-ke-cho-tiep-xuc-th\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-304-hay-316l-so-sanh-theo-dieu-kien-van-hanh\">304 hay 316L? So s\u00e1nh theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-thong-so-ky-thuat-mau-de-chi-dinh-trong-ho-so-thau\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1ea7u\/mua<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-gia-cong-han-va-xu-ly-be-mat-dung-chuan\">Gia c\u00f4ng, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-rui-ro-an-mon-pho-bien-va-cach-phong-tranh\">R\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-vi-du-lua-chon-theo-ung-dung-tai-viet-nam\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-chi-phi-loi-ich-khi-nao-nen-tra-them-cho-316l\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 l\u1ee3i \u00edch: khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam cho 316L<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-checklist-nghiem-thu-nhanh\">Checklist nghi\u1ec7m thu nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox 304\/316L quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa 304 v\u00e0 316L cho d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2014 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tieu-chuan-vat-lieu-ap-dung-cho-inox-304316l\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho Inox 304\/316L<\/h2>\n<h3>M\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Theo ASTM:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 (UNS S30400), 304L (UNS S30403), 316L (UNS S31603) \u2013 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n), ASTM A276 (thanh), ASTM A312 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac), ASTM A270 (\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh).<br \/>\n&#8211; Theo EN 10088:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 1.4301 (304), 1.4307 (304L), 1.4404 (316L).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: Cr 18\u201320%, Ni 8\u201310.5%, C \u22640.08%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304L: nh\u01b0 304 nh\u01b0ng C \u22640.03% (gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316L: Cr 16\u201318%, Ni 10\u201314%, Mo 2.0\u20132.5%, C \u22640.03% (ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 do Cl- t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: 316L c\u00f3 Mo gi\u00fap t\u0103ng PREN (pitting resistance) l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 23\u201324 so v\u1edbi 18\u201319 c\u1ee7a 304, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7n, axit nh\u1eb9, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 CIP cao.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: ASTM A240; thanh: ASTM A276; \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: ASTM A312; \u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh\/sanitary: ASTM A270 ho\u1eb7c EN 10357 (thay DIN 11850), ISO 2037.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng: EN 10204 Type 3.1 (m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: PMI (Positive Material Identification) khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n\/chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-yeu-cau-ve-sinh-be-mat-va-thiet-ke-cho-tiep-xuc-th\">Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n<h3>Chu\u1ea9n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; EU 1935\/2004: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ph\u1ea3i an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tr\u01a1.<br \/>\n&#8211; 3-A Sanitary Standards (M\u1ef9) v\u00e0 EHEDG (Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u): h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ec7 sinh, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eb5n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tho\u00e1t s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 CIP.<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 14159 v\u00e0 ISO 22000\/HACCP: nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (finish) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m Ra<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u: Ra \u2264 0,8 \u00b5m theo 3-A (32 \u00b5in) cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00f3i chung.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao (\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng, b\u01a1 s\u1eefa nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, l\u00ean men ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c): Ra \u2264 0,5 \u00b5m, \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng (electropolish) b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong \u1ed1ng\/b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i finish:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 2B ho\u1eb7c BA (Bright Annealed) cho t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n; No.4 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i (kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m) v\u00ec t\u1ea1o r\u00e3nh d\u1ec5 b\u00e1m c\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng sanitary ASTM A270\/EN 10357 n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ID\/OD theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, k\u00e8m ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 Ra \u0111o theo ISO 4287.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft\u201d (dead leg): t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 L\/D \u2264 2 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t (tham chi\u1ebfu EHEDG\/ASME BPE).<br \/>\n&#8211; Tho\u00e1t d\u1ed1c: \u22651\u20132% \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t s\u1ea1ch sau CIP.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n m\u1eb7t trong ph\u1ea3i ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee9t r\u1ed7; \u01b0a d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n clamp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n sanitary, gasket EPDM\/PTFE \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u1ec7 sinh: tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf, ren trong v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac; \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-304-hay-316l-so-sanh-theo-dieu-kien-van-hanh\">304 hay 316L? So s\u00e1nh theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n<h3>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t CIP<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304: ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1eefa, bia, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t, pH trung t\u00ednh; ch\u1ecbu NaOH\/Caustic\/CIP ki\u1ec1m th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L: v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chlorides (n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm, h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda c\u00f3 Cl-), axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1\/v\u00f4 c\u01a1 nh\u1eb9, ho\u1eb7c khi CIP \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao\/chu tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Hypochlorite (Javen) v\u00e0 chloride t\u1ef1 do g\u00e2y r\u1ed7\/SSC, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 >50\u00b0C; 316L ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, nhi\u1ec7t cao: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p 904L, 2205 duplex cho h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (b\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1i\/evaporator).<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean 304L\/316L \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a carbide Cr23C6 v\u00f9ng HAZ khi h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Que h\u00e0n\/filler: 308L cho 304\/304L; 316L cho 316L; h\u00e0n TIG v\u1edbi purge Argon m\u1eb7t trong \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh oxi h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; S\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, bia, n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft: 304\/304L \u0111\u1ee7 cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, tr\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c CIP n\u00f3ng\/axit th\u00ec c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ecbt, gia v\u1ecb, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5m m\u1eb7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm, h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n: 316L cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac; \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eb7n n\u00f3ng\/\u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem duplex 2205.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o, d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: 304 \u0111\u1ee7; nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed3n\/\u1ed1ng CIP d\u00f9ng 316L \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-thong-so-ky-thuat-mau-de-chi-dinh-trong-ho-so-thau\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1ea7u\/mua<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (g\u1ee3i \u00fd):<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: 304L\/316L theo ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m), ASTM A270\/EN 10357 (\u1ed1ng sanitary), ASTM A312 (\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t Ra \u22640,8 \u00b5m (ho\u1eb7c \u22640,5 \u00b5m n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao); ghi r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n: pickling &#038; passivation theo ASTM A380\/A967; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n heat tint \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong; ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (ferroxyl test khi c\u1ea7n).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: GTAW\/TIG, purge kh\u00ed tr\u01a1; filler t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch (308L\/316L); ki\u1ec3m tra VT, PT; n\u1ed9i soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ec7 sinh: dead leg L\/D \u22642; d\u1ed1c \u22651\u20132%; gasket EPDM\/PTFE \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: PMI c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, MTC EN 10204 3.1, truy xu\u1ea5t batch\/heat number.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\/CIP: quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n chloride, quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3-r\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7m thu.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-gia-cong-han-va-xu-ly-be-mat-dung-chuan\">Gia c\u00f4ng, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox, tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1eeb th\u00e9p carbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n TIG v\u1edbi backing\/purge Argon; m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n trong ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u1eafp\u201d d\u01b0; m\u00e0i-ph\u1ee7i x\u1ec9, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ebft m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4 h\u1ea1t; gi\u1eef b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng d\u1ec5 r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<h3>Pickling &#038; Passivation<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Pickling: lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit\/nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p b\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (theo ASTM A380).<br \/>\n&#8211; Passivation: kh\u1eed s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do, t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp oxide Cr2O3 b\u1ec1n, theo ASTM A967 (dung d\u1ecbch nitric ho\u1eb7c citric); khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb sau m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00e0n\/c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t CIP<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec1m NaOH 0,5\u20132%: an to\u00e0n v\u1edbi 304\/316L \u1edf 60\u201380\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit nitric\/phosphoric lo\u00e3ng: lo\u1ea1i c\u1eb7n kho\u00e1ng; tr\u00e1nh HCl.<br \/>\n&#8211; Hypochlorite (NaOCl): n\u1ebfu bu\u1ed9c d\u00f9ng, gi\u1eef n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, pH > 10, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p; tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Lu\u00f4n x\u1ea3-r\u1eeda k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m \u00edt Cl-.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-rui-ro-an-mon-pho-bien-va-cach-phong-tranh\">R\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1ed7 do clorua: t\u0103ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9; ch\u1ecdn 316L ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n, gi\u1ea3m Cl- trong n\u01b0\u1edbc\/CIP.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khe h\u1edf\/crevice: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00edn kh\u00edt; h\u00e0n k\u00edn thay v\u00ec l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p ren \u1edf v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft: d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox; th\u1eed ferroxyl khi nghi ng\u1edd; passivation b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Galling (k\u1eb9t ren inox-inox): d\u00f9ng m\u1ee1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c bulong c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\/nitride.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gasket sai: ch\u1ecdn EPDM\/VMQ\/FKM\/ PTFE \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t CIP.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-vi-du-lua-chon-theo-ung-dung-tai-viet-nam\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm: to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tank\/\u1ed1ng\/b\u01a1m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng 316L; v\u00f9ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c\/mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc duplex 2205; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Ra \u22640,8 \u00b5m; tr\u00e1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hypochlorite trong v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia: b\u1ed3n l\u00ean men, bright beer tank 304L Ra \u22640,8 \u00b5m; \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng CIP, heat exchanger plates \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L; to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n trong pickling &#038; passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1eefa v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1eefa: 304L cho \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed3n chung; b\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1i\/cheese brine b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c 316L; ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n clamp 3-A, gasket EPDM.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-chi-phi-loi-ich-khi-nao-nen-tra-them-cho-316l\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 l\u1ee3i \u00edch: khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam cho 316L<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 316L th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n 304 kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201340% t\u00f9y th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu (TCO): n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 clorua, CIP n\u00f3ng, axit, ho\u1eb7c d\u1eebng m\u00e1y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, 316L th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u1edd gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u1ed7, th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-checklist-nghiem-thu-nhanh\">Checklist nghi\u1ec7m thu nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u00fang m\u00e1c 304L\/316L? C\u00f3 PMI v\u00e0 MTC 3.1.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng sanitary \u0111\u1ea1t ASTM A270\/EN 10357? C\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 Ra n\u1ed9i\/ngo\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Ra \u0111o \u22640,8 \u00b5m (ho\u1eb7c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n trong ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u; \u0111\u00e3 pickling &#038; passivation ASTM A380\/A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: kh\u00f4ng dead leg >2D; d\u1ed1c \u22651\u20132%; ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n clamp\/gasket chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00e0n giao: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t CIP, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A276\/A312\/A270 \u2013 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m inox austenitic: https:\/\/www.astm.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380, ASTM A967 \u2013 L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, pickling &#038; passivation: https:\/\/www.astm.org<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088 (1.4301\/1.4307\/1.4404), EN 10357 (\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh): https:\/\/standards.cen.eu<br \/>\n&#8211; 3-A Sanitary Standards, General Requirements (32 \u00b5in Ra): https:\/\/www.3-a.org<br \/>\n&#8211; EHEDG Guidelines (Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ec7 sinh, CIP): https:\/\/www.ehedg.org<br \/>\n&#8211; EU Regulation 1935\/2004 (V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m): https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Stainless Steel in Food and Beverage: https:\/\/www.nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 2037 (\u1ed0ng inox cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m) v\u00e0 ISO 14159 (Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ec7 sinh): https:\/\/www.iso.org<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304L ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea1ch, trong khi 316L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7n, c\u00f3 clorua, axit nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 CIP\/SIP kh\u1eaft khe.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (ASTM\/EN), y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Ra (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u22640,8 \u00b5m), quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n \u2013 pickling \u2013 passivation, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft theo 3-A\/EHEDG \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh, b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng checklist nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng PMI, MTC 3.1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 to\u00e0n d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn Inox 304\/316L \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n cho d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: ASTM\/EN, Ra\u22640,8 \u00b5m, h\u00e0n\u2013passivation, khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb 3-A\/EHEDG v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1001,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1343"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1343\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}