{"id":1352,"date":"2025-11-25T00:35:22","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T17:35:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-cay-ghep-316l-316lvm-astm-f138-iso-5832-1-va-yeu-cau-ky-thuat\/"},"modified":"2025-11-25T00:35:22","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T17:35:22","slug":"inox-cay-ghep-316l-316lvm-astm-f138-iso-5832-1-va-yeu-cau-ky-thuat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-cay-ghep-316l-316lvm-astm-f138-iso-5832-1-va-yeu-cau-ky-thuat\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p: 316L\/316LVM, ASTM F138, ISO 5832-1 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-inox-duoc-dung-cho-cay-ghep-va-rao-can-ky-t\">V\u00ec sao inox \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p \u2013 v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-cac-mac-inox-cay-ghep-pho-bien-va-pham-vi-su-dung\">C\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-tieu-chuan-va-khung-yeu-cau-quan-trong\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 khung y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-thong-so-ky-thuat-then-chot-cua-316lf138-gia-tri-t\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a 316L\/F138 (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham kh\u1ea3o)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ung-dung-thuc-te-chon-mac-theo-chuc-nang\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2013 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-inox-316l-vs-titan-ti-6al-4v-eli-vs-\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: inox 316L vs titan Ti-6Al-4V ELI vs Co-Cr-Mo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-gia-cong-xu-ly-be-mat-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong\">Gia c\u00f4ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-rui-ro-thuong-gap-va-cach-phong-tranh\">R\u1ee7i ro th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-lua-chon-va-tham-dinh-nha-cung-cap-vat-lieu-inox-i\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox implant<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-cac-cau-hoi-ky-su-thuong-dat-ra\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ra<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc cao nh\u1ea5t trong \u201cC\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p S\u1ea1ch\u201d. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 y t\u1ebf chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u2013 nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-inox-duoc-dung-cho-cay-ghep-va-rao-can-ky-t\">V\u00ec sao inox \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p \u2013 v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p sinh h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a Cl\u2013, \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc\/fatigue, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng, truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c: \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf\/fretting\/galvanic, ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ion Ni, bao g\u00f3i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 pha t\u1ea1p MnS, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-cac-mac-inox-cay-ghep-pho-bien-va-pham-vi-su-dung\">C\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<h3>1) 316L theo ASTM F138\/F139, ISO 5832-1<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t: Austenitic 18Cr-14Ni-2.5Mo, C \u2264 0.03%, t\u0103ng Mo \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7, gi\u1ea3m C \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM F138: thanh &#038; d\u00e2y cho c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM F139: t\u1ea5m &#038; l\u00e1 cho c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<br \/>\n  &#8211; ISO 5832-1: th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 r\u00e8n cho c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: n\u1eb9p \u2013 vis x\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111inh n\u1ed9i t\u1ee7y, d\u00e2y cerclage, thanh n\u1eb9p c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 stent th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo ASTM F86.<\/p>\n<h3>2) 316LVM (Vacuum Melted\/Vacuum Remelted)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh: n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng (VAR\/ESR) gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea1p S, P, O; gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/ k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u2192 \u00edt khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi, gi\u1ea3m ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch ion Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: d\u00e2y\/\u1ed1ng\/thanh cho stent, l\u00f2 xo implant, chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u si\u00eau s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ghi ch\u00fa: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 316L nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau t\u1ea1p kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n; nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn theo ASTM F138 + \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n VIM\/VAR\/ESR.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Inox austenit t\u0103ng N (High Nitrogen Stainless, HNS)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan: ISO 5832-9; ASTM F2229 (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit gi\u00e0u nit\u01a1 cho c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh: N t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n PREN v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi; gi\u1ea3m Ni c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u2192 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng: chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, ngu\u1ed3n cung h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf; d\u00f9ng cho chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi cao, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<h3>4) M\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L: kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 316L; ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i implant l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic 420\/440C, 17-4PH: ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5\/\u1ed5 bi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p implant do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (C, Cu) v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n\/\u0111\u1ed9 dai th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex\/superduplex: hi\u1ebfm d\u00f9ng cho implant v\u00ec t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, nguy c\u01a1 Ni release\/\u1ee9ng x\u1eed m\u1ecfi-k\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-tieu-chuan-va-khung-yeu-cau-quan-trong\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 khung y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM F138, F139: 316L cho implant (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ISO 5832-1, -9: th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 cho implant (316L; HNS).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM F2229: inox austenit gi\u00e0u N cho implant.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2013 x\u1eed l\u00fd:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM F86: chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t &#038; kh\u1eafc d\u1ea5u implant kim lo\u1ea1i (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM F1089: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\/kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt (tham kh\u1ea3o cho quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM F746: \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u implant.<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM F2129: \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed7 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; An to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ISO 10993 (chu\u1ed7i): \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sinh h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf (\u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a, g\u00e2y s\u1ed1t, chi chi\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ISO 13485: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf.<br \/>\n  &#8211; FDA 21 CFR 820 (QSR), EU MDR 2017\/745 (n\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Vi\u1ec7t Nam: tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh\/Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd TTBYT, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng TCVN t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ISO\/ASTM khi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-thong-so-ky-thuat-then-chot-cua-316lf138-gia-tri-t\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a 316L\/F138 (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham kh\u1ea3o)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (\u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh): Cr 17\u201318%, Ni 12\u201314%, Mo 2\u20133%, C \u2264 0.03%, Mn \u2264 2%, Si \u2264 0.75%, P \u2264 0.025%, S \u2264 0.010% (316LVM c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (annealed, theo ASTM F138\/ISO 5832-1, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o UTS \u2265 485 MPa.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y YS (0.2%) \u2265 170 MPa.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i \u2265 40%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2264 95 HRB \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7; d\u00e2y k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n theo c\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; PREN \u2248 23\u201326 (t\u00f9y Mo, N) \u2013 \u0111\u1ee7 cho d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi khe, c\u1ecd x\u00e1t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a\/electropolish \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nucleation pit.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (austenit), th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p martensit\/duplex; Ti g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u \u1ea3nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ung-dung-thuc-te-chon-mac-theo-chuc-nang\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2013 ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng: n\u1eb9p \u2013 vis, \u0111inh, thanh n\u1eb9p c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng \u2192 316L\/F138; cold work v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng YS, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bavia ren.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c x\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00e2y cerclage, l\u00f2 xo implant \u2192 316LVM\/316L HNS \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ecfi.<br \/>\n&#8211; Stent th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u2192 316LVM; hi\u1ec7n nay Co-Cr\/Platinum-Cr ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ti\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1n m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n inox \u2192 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ISO 5832-9 (HNS) ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang Ti\/Co-Cr t\u00f9y t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-so-sanh-nhanh-inox-316l-vs-titan-ti-6al-4v-eli-vs-\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: inox 316L vs titan Ti-6Al-4V ELI vs Co-Cr-Mo<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 316L: d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng, gi\u00e1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 v\u1eeba; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p implant t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi\/ t\u1ea3i v\u1eeba; nguy c\u01a1 Ni release \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti-6Al-4V ELI (ASTM F136): t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eb9, kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t cao, modulus th\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3m che ch\u1eafn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t; gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Co-Cr-Mo (ASTM F75\/F1537): \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n\/\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i \u2192 kh\u1edbp nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, stent hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; t\u1eeb t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n, gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00f3, gi\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-gia-cong-xu-ly-be-mat-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong\">Gia c\u00f4ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<h3>Gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft chuy\u00ean cho austenit, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p \u2013 t\u01b0\u1edbi ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft cacbon (b\u00e0n k\u1eb9p, ch\u1ed5i s\u1eaft) \u2013 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 inox\/nh\u1ef1a. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t S \u2264 0.010% \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m MnS.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n trong implant; n\u1ebfu h\u00e0n, d\u00f9ng que 316L t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, t\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc nhanh \u2013 tr\u00e1nh sensitization.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea1o ren\/rolling ren \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ecfi; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc, bavia.<\/p>\n<h3>X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM F86:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch nitric\/citric; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf phoi, d\u1ea7u; r\u1eeda DI; s\u1ea5y s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Electropolishing c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n Ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi r\u1ed7. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Ra \u2264 0.2\u20130.4 \u00b5m cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u00f4 d\u1ecbch.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc laser s\u00e2u l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng; n\u1ebfu kh\u1eafc, t\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01a1 t\u00ednh (ASTM E8), \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc\/nh\u00e1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n (ASTM F746\/F2129) trong dung d\u1ecbch m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng (PBS\/Hanks) khi c\u1ea7n th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sinh h\u1ecdc theo h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ISO 10993 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng lo\u1ea1i implant.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 truy xu\u1ea5t: Heat lot, MTR theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASTM F138\/ISO 5832), ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n VAR\/ESR (n\u1ebfu 316LVM), b\u00e1o c\u00e1o x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\/ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng (n\u1ebfu cung c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-rui-ro-thuong-gap-va-cach-phong-tranh\">R\u1ee7i ro th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf\/fretting t\u1ea1i l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf khe, si\u1ebft m\u00f4-men \u0111\u00fang, d\u00f9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ea1t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Galvanic khi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau (316L \u2013 Ti\/CoCr): t\u1ed1i \u01b0u di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khi kh\u1ea3 thi, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a do nhi\u1ec7t: tr\u00e1nh l\u01b0u d\u00e0i \u1edf 500\u2013800\u00b0C; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, h\u00f2a tan 1050\u20131100\u00b0C v\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ion Ni: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316LVM\/HNS cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang Ti; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t finish b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-lua-chon-va-tham-dinh-nha-cung-cap-vat-lieu-inox-i\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox implant<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c:<br \/>\n  &#8211; MTR n\u00eau r\u00f5 ASTM F138\/F139 ho\u1eb7c ISO 5832-1\/-9, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng (316LVM) khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\/th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM F86 (n\u1ebfu cung c\u1ea5p b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bao g\u00f3i ph\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n, ghi nh\u00e3n heat\/lot.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (XRF\/OSA), \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1p (theo ASTM E45 khi c\u1ea7n), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Ra, soi hi\u1ec3n vi).<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1eabu th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n nhanh trong NaCl sinh l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc l\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-cac-cau-hoi-ky-su-thuong-dat-ra\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ra<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 316L c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 cho implant v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n?<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p \u2013 trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u; tuy nhi\u00ean Ti\/CoCr th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho implant v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i cao\/ma s\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316LVM kh\u00e1c g\u00ec 316L chu\u1ea9n?<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n danh \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng 316LVM c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u1edd n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u2192 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch, m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u201cchu\u1ea9n\u201d?<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u00f9y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft tr\u01a1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u00f4 m\u1ec1m, Ra \u2264 0.2\u20130.4 \u00b5m l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1t; ren\/kh\u00f3a x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf bavia, bo g\u00f3c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM F138, F139: Stainless Steel Bar\/Wire &#038; Sheet\/Plate for Surgical Implants \u2013 ASTM International.<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 5832-1, ISO 5832-9: Implants for surgery \u2013 Metallic materials \u2013 ISO.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM F86: Standard Practice for Surface Preparation and Marking of Metallic Surgical Implants \u2013 ASTM.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM F746, ASTM F2129: Corrosion test methods for surgical implants \u2013 ASTM.<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 10993 (series): Biological evaluation of medical devices \u2013 ISO.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASM Handbook, Vol. 23: Materials for Medical Devices \u2013 ASM International.<br \/>\n&#8211; FDA Recognized Consensus Standards for Orthopedic\/Medical Implants \u2013 U.S. FDA.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 316L theo ASTM F138\/ISO 5832-1 l\u00e0 \u201cx\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a inox c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p nh\u1edd c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p sinh h\u1ecdc, kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316LVM v\u00e0 inox gi\u00e0u nit\u01a1 (ISO 5832-9\/ASTM F2229) m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng bi\u00ean an to\u00e0n cho chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecfi cao ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t implant inox ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbn v\u00e0o: ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c\/chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00fang, n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch (VAR\/ESR khi c\u1ea7n), x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chu\u1ea9n ASTM F86, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m khe\/fretting, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n chu\u1ed7i theo ISO 13485 v\u00e0 ISO 10993.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc implant v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i\/m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cao, h\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Ti-6Al-4V ELI v\u00e0 Co-Cr-Mo \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 inox c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3: m\u00e1c th\u00e9p 316L\/316LVM, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM F138, ISO 5832-1, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1067,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1352"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1352\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}