{"id":1374,"date":"2025-11-30T12:34:36","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T05:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/gia-cong-dap-inox-dap-nguoi-dap-nong-va-thiet-ke-khuon-toi-uu\/"},"modified":"2025-11-30T12:34:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-30T05:34:36","slug":"gia-cong-dap-inox-dap-nguoi-dap-nong-va-thiet-ke-khuon-toi-uu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/gia-cong-dap-inox-dap-nguoi-dap-nong-va-thiet-ke-khuon-toi-uu\/","title":{"rendered":"Gia c\u00f4ng d\u1eadp Inox: d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i, d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-ve-vat-lieu-inox-cho-dap\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox cho d\u1eadp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-dap-nguoi-inox-khi-nao-va-nhu-the-nao\">D\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i Inox: khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-dap-nong-va-am-hotwarm-forming-voi-inox\">D\u1eadp n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea5m (hot\/warm forming) v\u1edbi Inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-nguyen-tac-thiet-ke-khuon-dap-inox\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp Inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-quy-trinh-trien-khai-thuc-te-checklist-10-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: checklist 10 b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-vi-du-nhanh-dap-vuot-coc-304-t08-mm-d-ngoai-60-mm-\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh: d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t c\u1ed1c 304 t=0.8 mm, D ngo\u00e0i 60 mm, cao 30 mm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-gia-cong-sau-dap-va-xu-ly-be-mat\">Gia c\u00f4ng sau d\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-so-sanh-nhanh-dap-nguoi-vs-dap-amnong\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i vs d\u1eadp \u1ea5m\/n\u00f3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nguon-tham-khao-khuyen-nghi\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong gia c\u00f4ng Inox, d\u1eadp (stamping\/forming) l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u1eaft v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ki\u1ec7n m\u1ecfng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i, d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n cho Inox, v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-ve-vat-lieu-inox-cho-dap\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox cho d\u1eadp<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: 304\/304L, 316\/316L, 201. D\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t, h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng cao (n\u22480.35\u20130.5), xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n l\u1edbn, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic: 430. T\u1eeb t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u1eeba, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n austenitic.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic\/PH: \u00edt d\u00f9ng cho d\u1eadp s\u00e2u; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5n\/d\u1eadp n\u00f4ng sau \u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea5m \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m (annealed), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/BA cho d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, \u00edt v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u201cgalling\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh tham chi\u1ebfu (annealed, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh): 304 UTS 520\u2013620 MPa; 316L UTS 480\u2013580 MPa; 430 UTS 450\u2013550 MPa. \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 0.7\u20130.8 UTS khi t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-dap-nguoi-inox-khi-nao-va-nhu-the-nao\">D\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i Inox: khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<h3>\u01afu\/nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p, chu k\u1ef3 nhanh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh (0.3\u20133.0 mm).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n l\u1edbn, \u201cgalling\u201d cao n\u1ebfu b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n\/khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c LDR v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1eaft\/\u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 (blanking\/piercing), t\u1ec9a m\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; U\u1ed1n V, u\u1ed1n Z, d\u1eadp g\u00e2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t (deep drawing), d\u1eadp d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh (ironing) cho lon, c\u1ed1c, ch\u1eadu.<br \/>\n&#8211; Li\u00ean ho\u00e0n (progressive) ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n b\u01b0\u1edbc (transfer).<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t cho d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i Inox<\/h3>\n<p>1) Khe h\u1edf khu\u00f4n khi c\u1eaft\/\u0111\u1ed9t<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed5ng khe h\u1edf (clearance) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t: 12\u201318% chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t (t\u1ed5ng hai b\u00ean) cho Inox; t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 6\u20139% t m\u1ed7i b\u00ean. T\u0103ng khe h\u1edf gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u201cgalling\u201d, nh\u01b0ng bavia l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5: t=1.0 mm, ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed5ng clearance 0.14 mm (0.07 mm m\u1ed7i b\u00ean) cho 304.<\/p>\n<p>2) B\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t<br \/>\n&#8211; U\u1ed1n: 304\/316L n\u00ean Rmin (b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong) \u2248 1.0\u20131.5 t; 430 n\u00ean 1.5\u20133.0 t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t m\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y (punch radius) \u2248 4\u20138 t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u00e1n k\u00ednh mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ed1i (die radius) \u2248 4\u201310 t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e9p s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n k\u00ednh qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0m r\u00e1ch ph\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhanh.<\/p>\n<p>3) \u00c1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1eb7n ph\u00f4i (blank holder)<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: ng\u0103n nh\u0103n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ee9c tham chi\u1ebfu: 0.5\u20132.0 MPa cho chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf; 2\u20135 MPa cho chi ti\u1ebft l\u1edbn\/th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u b\u1eb1ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng draw beads n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>4) B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i: d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 gia EP\/CL, m\u1ee1 MoS2, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p g\u1ed1c este. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf clo \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/\u0103n m\u00f2n; v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng d\u1ea7u tr\u1eafng y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh sau gia c\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 thay d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u201cgalling\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>5) T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e1y tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u cho c\u1eaft\/\u0111\u1ed9t; servo-press t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh profile t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 (ram dwell).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 d\u00ednh b\u00e1m; \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>6) Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n (springback)<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox austenitic c\u1ea7n b\u00f9 g\u00f3c 3\u20138\u00b0 khi u\u1ed1n V, t\u00f9y V-opening v\u00e0 t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng ch\u00e0y\/c\u1ed1i k\u1eb9p (coining), bottoming ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh d\u01b0 (re-strike) \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>7) Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t (LDR)<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi 304 annealed, LDR th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 2.0\u20132.2 khi b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd; 430 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Blank h\u00ecnh \u201choa th\u1ecb\u201d ho\u1eb7c oval h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u201cdo tai\u201d (earing) khi c\u00f3 d\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft (blanking)<\/h3>\n<p>B\u00e0i to\u00e1n: c\u1eaft bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng tr\u00f2n \u00d880 mm t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m 304, t=1.0 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu vi c\u1eaft L = \u03c0D \u2248 3.1416\u00d780 = 251.3 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u03c4 \u2248 0.75\u00d7UTS \u2248 0.75\u00d7580 \u2248 435 MPa.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1c c\u1eaft F \u2248 L \u00d7 t \u00d7 \u03c4 = 251.3 mm \u00d7 1.0 mm \u00d7 435 N\/mm\u00b2 \u2248 109 kN \u2248 11 t\u1ea5n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y \u22651.5\u00d7F \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng: kho\u1ea3ng 16\u201320 t\u1ea5n; l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u00eam l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y\/tho\u00e1t ph\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<h3>X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; R\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh: t\u0103ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y\/c\u1ed1i, gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t \u1edf v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec7ng, t\u0103ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, t\u0103ng holder\/b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed draw beads.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u0103n m\u00e9p: t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1eb7n ph\u00f4i, d\u00f9ng draw beads, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00ecnh ph\u00f4i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Galling\/d\u00ednh b\u00e1m: n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khu\u00f4n\/ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee9ng, t\u0103ng\/\u0111\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng khu\u00f4n t\u1ed1t (Ra \u22640.2 \u00b5m v\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n l\u1edbn: t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1eb9p, coining nh\u1eb9, b\u00f9 h\u00ecnh; d\u00f9ng t\u00f4i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Do tai (earing): ch\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea5p, xoay h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1eaft ph\u00f4i, ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh ph\u00f4i theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-dap-nong-va-am-hotwarm-forming-voi-inox\">D\u1eadp n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea5m (hot\/warm forming) v\u1edbi Inox<\/h2>\n<h3>Khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Chi ti\u1ebft d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t s\u00e2u\/th\u00e0nh d\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f3 u\u1ed1n ngu\u1ed9i (ferritic d\u00e0y, martensitic sau t\u00f4i) ho\u1eb7c khi c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n-net-shape.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic (304\/316): n\u00f3ng 1000\u20131150\u00b0C; \u1ea5m 200\u2013400\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic\/Martensitic: n\u00f3ng 900\u20131100\u00b0C; \u1ea5m 150\u2013350\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; Warm forming 200\u2013300\u00b0C th\u01b0\u1eddng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t: gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c 20\u201340%, gi\u1ea3m h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u00edt oxi h\u00f3a h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Oxi h\u00f3a\/l\u1edbp scale: c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed (N2\/Ar) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea9y pickling sau d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khu\u00f4n: d\u00f9ng th\u00e9p n\u00f3ng H13\/1.2344 (46\u201352 HRC), l\u00e0m m\u00e1t\/k\u00eanh gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t. B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n: borat\/grafit\/sol-gel cho n\u00f3ng; d\u1ea7u EP ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cho \u1ea5m.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9: th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t, tr\u00e1nh n\u1ee9t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h3>\u01afu\/nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu: l\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, \u00edt h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh s\u00e2u\/h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gia nhi\u1ec7t, oxi h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khu\u00f4n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-nguyen-tac-thiet-ke-khuon-dap-inox\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp Inox<\/h2>\n<h3>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Khu\u00f4n c\u1eaft\/\u0111\u1ed9t, khu\u00f4n u\u1ed1n, khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t, khu\u00f4n li\u00ean ho\u00e0n, khu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n b\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ecdn theo s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 dung sai.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u00e0y\/c\u1ed1i: D2\/SKD11 (58\u201362 HRC) cho c\u1eaft\/\u0111\u1ed9t; PM (ASP23, M4PM) khi ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n\/galling cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u1ee7: TiN\/TiCN\/CrN, DLC \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 d\u00ednh b\u00e1m v\u1edbi austenitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp n\u00f3ng\/\u1ea5m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; H13\/1.2344, 1.2367; nitriding\/PVD \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng k\u1ef9; bo m\u00e9p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Khe h\u1edf c\u1eaft: nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i (12\u201318% t t\u1ed5ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u00f3c tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u: \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u r\u01a1i t\u1ef1 do, tr\u00e1nh k\u1eb9t v\u00e0 c\u1ea1 x\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y\/c\u1ed1i d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t: ch\u00e0y 4\u20138 t; c\u1ed1i 4\u201310 t; m\u00e9p v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng g\u00f3c g\u00e3y.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng: c\u1ed9t d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u1ea5m ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i\/kh\u00ed\/thu\u1ef7 l\u1ef1c cho d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Draw beads: \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y; b\u00e1n k\u00ednh bead 2\u20134 t, cao 1\u20132 t, tinh ch\u1ec9nh qua th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh: \u0111\u1ed9 song song m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u22640.02 mm\/100 mm; \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng ch\u00e0y\u2013c\u1ed1i \u22640.01 mm.<\/p>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf dung sai v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed7\/pilot sau nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n sai s\u1ed1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Re-strike\/coin nh\u1eefng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 song song cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u00e0n sau d\u1eadp, d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd khu\u00f4n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1eadp chu k\u1ef3 m\u00e0i s\u1eafc l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft theo s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y; theo d\u00f5i bavia nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ebft c\u1ecd x\u01b0\u1edbc\/galling; \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00f2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u; t\u00e1ch phoi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00e1i-c\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-quy-trinh-trien-khai-thuc-te-checklist-10-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: checklist 10 b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<p>1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c Inox, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n2) Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: ngu\u1ed9i cho m\u1ecfng\/ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c; \u1ea5m\/n\u00f3ng khi s\u00e2u\/ph\u1ee9c\/t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n3) T\u00ednh l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y (\u22651.5\u20132.0\u00d7 l\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u).<br \/>\n4) Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f4i (blank) v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean c\u00f4ng; xem x\u00e9t draw beads\/blank holder.<br \/>\n5) Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khu\u00f4n, ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n6) X\u00e1c l\u1eadp khe h\u1edf, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh, g\u00f3c tho\u00e1t; t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng.<br \/>\n7) Ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 th\u1eed b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n; x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u00e9p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, profile servo (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).<br \/>\n8) Ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed, \u0111o l\u1ef1c\/bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng; ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1eb7n ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed nh\u0103n\/r\u00e1ch.<br \/>\n9) Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u0111\u1ed9 bavia, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9 cao tai, h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n (g\u00f3c), \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m.<br \/>\n10) K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh sau d\u1eadp (t\u1ea9y, passivation khi c\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-vi-du-nhanh-dap-vuot-coc-304-t08-mm-d-ngoai-60-mm-\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh: d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t c\u1ed1c 304 t=0.8 mm, D ngo\u00e0i 60 mm, cao 30 mm<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f4i tr\u00f2n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh + \u0111\u00e1y \u2248 \u03c0\u00d7D\u00d7h + \u03c0\u00d7(D\/2)\u00b2 = \u03c0\u00d760\u00d730 + \u03c0\u00d730\u00b2 \u2248 5655 + 2827 \u2248 8482 mm\u00b2.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ph\u00f4i D0 \u2248 \u221a(4A\/\u03c0) \u2248 \u221a(4\u00d78482\/3.1416) \u2248 \u221a(10802) \u2248 104 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eadp l\u1ea7n 1: \u03b2 = D0\/Dp \u2248 104\/60 \u2248 1.73 (< LDR 2.0\u20132.2), kh\u1ea3 thi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh chu\u1ea9n.\n- B\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t: R ch\u00e0y \u2248 4\u20136 t = 3.2\u20134.8 mm; R c\u1ed1i \u2248 5\u20138 t = 4\u20136.4 mm.\n- \u00c1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1eb7n ph\u00f4i kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u2248 1\u20132 MPa; tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed nh\u0103n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00e1ch.\n- N\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u201cdo tai\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh ph\u00f4i (oval\/hoa th\u1ecb) nh\u1ecf 1\u20133% theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-gia-cong-sau-dap-va-xu-ly-be-mat\">Gia c\u00f4ng sau d\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ec9a bavia, n\u1eafn ph\u1eb3ng, m\u00e0i m\u00e9p\/\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y pickling (HNO3\/HF) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i scale sau d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng; r\u1eeda trung h\u00f2a k\u1ef9, ho\u1eb7c thay b\u1eb1ng pickling gel khu v\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation) theo ASTM A967 cho chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a b\u00f3ng (electropolishing) cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh\/s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-so-sanh-nhanh-dap-nguoi-vs-dap-amnong\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i vs d\u1eadp \u1ea5m\/n\u00f3ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i: t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 galling. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p 0.3\u20133.0 mm, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp \u1ea5m (200\u2013400\u00b0C): gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1eef t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u00f3ng; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft vu\u1ed1t s\u00e2u kh\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eadp n\u00f3ng (>900\u20131000\u00b0C): t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c\/t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y; \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 oxi h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nguon-tham-khao-khuyen-nghi\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Outokumpu, Forming of Stainless Steel (Design Manual). https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com<br \/>\n&#8211; SSINA, Design Guidelines for the Selection and Use of Stainless Steel. https:\/\/www.ssina.com<br \/>\n&#8211; ASM Handbook, Vol. 14A: Metalworking: Sheet Forming. ASM International.<br \/>\n&#8211; Uddeholm, Tool Steel for Forming. https:\/\/www.uddeholm.com<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1eadp Inox t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p (ngu\u1ed9i\/\u1ea5m\/n\u00f3ng), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n chu\u1ea9n: khe h\u1edf 12\u201318% t khi c\u1eaft, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y\/c\u1ed1i 4\u201310 t cho d\u1eadp vu\u1ed1t, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1eb7n ph\u00f4i.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi austenitic (304\/316L), ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u201cgalling\u201d; v\u1edbi ferritic (430), t\u0103ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i n\u1ee9t m\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khu\u00f4n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng d\u00ednh, quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft vu\u1ed1t s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf theo m\u00e1c, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111ang c\u00f3? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n, ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eadp Inox: so s\u00e1nh d\u1eadp ngu\u1ed9i\/d\u1eadp n\u00f3ng, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 khu\u00f4n (khe h\u1edf, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh, l\u1ef1c), v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khu\u00f4n, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1060,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1374"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1374\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}