{"id":1376,"date":"2025-12-01T00:37:08","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T17:37:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/loc-tron-ong-va-tam-inox-cho-bon-be-quy-trinh-tinh-toan-may\/"},"modified":"2025-12-01T00:37:08","modified_gmt":"2025-11-30T17:37:08","slug":"loc-tron-ong-va-tam-inox-cho-bon-be-quy-trinh-tinh-toan-may","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/loc-tron-ong-va-tam-inox-cho-bon-be-quy-trinh-tinh-toan-may\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ed1c tr\u00f2n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m Inox cho b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3: quy tr\u00ecnh, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, m\u00e1y"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-chon-vat-lieu-inox-va-do-day-cho-bon-be\">Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y cho b\u1ed3n, b\u1ec3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-nguyen-ly-loc-va-cac-loai-may-loc-tam\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y l\u1ed1c t\u1ea5m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-tinh-toan-co-ban-phuc-vu-loc\">T\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ed1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-loc-tron-ong-va-tam-inox-cho-bon-be\">Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ed1c tr\u00f2n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m Inox cho b\u1ed3n, b\u1ec3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-kiem-soat-bien-dang-han-nghiem-thu-va-thu-kin\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0n, nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u00e0 th\u1eed k\u00edn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-bao-ve-be-mat-va-ve-sinh-trong-gia-cong\">B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh trong gia c\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-lap-ke-hoach-gia-cong-va-bao-gia-thong-tin-xuong-c\">L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1: th\u00f4ng tin x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-vi-du-thuc-te-ha-noi\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Gia c\u00f4ng l\u1ed1c tr\u00f2n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m Inox l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn, silo, cyclone, v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. So v\u1edbi c\u1eaft, ch\u1ea5n, d\u1eadp, l\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tri\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00fang dung sai.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-chon-vat-lieu-inox-va-do-day-cho-bon-be\">Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y cho b\u1ed3n, b\u1ec3<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L: \u0111a d\u1ee5ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00ednh; 304L gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C th\u1ea5p, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316L: kh\u00e1ng clorua t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, d\u00f9ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, CIP\/SIP; 316L (C th\u1ea5p) t\u1ed1i \u01b0u khi h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: kinh t\u1ebf, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n n\u00ean h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n l\u1edbn; d\u00f9ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4, \u00edt \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i 2B:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304L\/316L: Rp0.2 \u2248 170\u2013220 MPa; E \u2248 193 GPa.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: Rp0.2 \u2248 275\u2013380 MPa; E \u2248 200 GPa.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u1ee3i \u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh\/chi\u1ec1u cao (b\u1ed3n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, tham kh\u1ea3o):<br \/>\n  &#8211; D \u2264 2.5 m: t 2\u20134 mm (n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, m\u00e1i che).<br \/>\n  &#8211; D 2.5\u20134 m: t 4\u20136 mm.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u00ean 4 m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ecbu gi\u00f3: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc g\u00e2n t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: B\u1ed3n ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh cao ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASME VIII, EN 13445, API 650) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-nguyen-ly-loc-va-cac-loai-may-loc-tam\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y l\u1ed1c t\u1ea5m<\/h2>\n<h3>M\u00e1y 3 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 4 tr\u1ee5c: kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e1y 3 tr\u1ee5c (pyramid ho\u1eb7c initial pinch):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ea5p, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ea3i d\u00e0y trung b\u00ecnh\/nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: ti\u1ec1n b\u1ebb m\u00e9p (pre-bending) k\u00e9m h\u01a1n; xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb9t\u201d l\u1edbn h\u01a1n; c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e1y 4 tr\u1ee5c:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u01afu: pre-bending hai \u0111\u1ea7u ngay tr\u00ean m\u00e1y, \u00edt \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb9t; ra ph\u00f4i tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u nhanh; d\u1ec5 l\u1ed1c c\u00f4n nh\u1edd l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ee5c b\u00ean.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (S235). V\u1edbi Inox (austenitic), c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 1.3\u20131.5 (t\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1n l\u1ed1c Inox t mm, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ed1c th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 1.3\u20131.5 t mm).<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ed1c<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 4 tr\u1ee5c: Dmin \u2248 1.1\u20131.3 \u00d7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u1ee5c tr\u00ean.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 3 tr\u1ee5c: Dmin \u2248 1.3\u20131.5 \u00d7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u1ee5c tr\u00ean.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi Inox (\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n), n\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u00eam 1.1\u20131.2 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean. Tham kh\u1ea3o catalogue v\u00e0 th\u1eed m\u1eabu l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Inox<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic Inox c\u00f3 h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon ~1.3\u20131.8 l\u1ea7n do t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 \u03c3y\/E th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i; 201 h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u1edfng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u1ed1c b\u00f9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 0.5\u20131.5% (t\u00f9y m\u00e1c, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, D) r\u1ed3i re-roll tinh sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u0103ng s\u1ed1 pass v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng \u00e9p nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-tinh-toan-co-ban-phuc-vu-loc\">T\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n<h3>Chi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng\/shell tr\u1ee5<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1ea5y theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y: Dm = Do \u2212 t (Do: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i; t: b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y).<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ph\u00f4i: Lph\u00f4i \u2248 \u03c0 \u00d7 Dm \u2212 khe h\u1edf h\u00e0n + b\u00f9 co ng\u00f3t h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Khe h\u1edf h\u00e0n (GTAW\/GMAW): 0\u20131.5 mm t\u00f9y quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Co ng\u00f3t h\u00e0n chu vi (austenitic, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y 3\u20138 mm): th\u01b0\u1eddng 0.3\u20131.0 mm tr\u00ean chu vi; n\u00ean \u0111o th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m theo x\u01b0\u1edfng.<br \/>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5: Do 2500 mm, t 4 mm, Dm = 2496 mm \u2192 Lph\u00f4i \u2248 \u03c0 \u00d7 2496 = 7836.0 mm. Ch\u1ecdn khe h\u1edf 1.5 mm, b\u00f9 co 0.5 mm \u2192 c\u1eaft 7835.0 mm.<\/p>\n<h3>Tri\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f4n c\u1ee5t (cone frustum)<\/h3>\n<p>Cho c\u00f4n v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn D1, nh\u1ecf D2, chi\u1ec1u cao H:<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1n k\u00ednh l\u1edbn R1 = D1\/2; nh\u1ecf R2 = D2\/2.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i sinh (slant) s = \u221a[(R1 \u2212 R2)^2 + H^2].<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1edf ph\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0nh kh\u0103n cung g\u00f3c \u03b1 (radian):<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u03b1 = (2\u03c0R1)\/s.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u00e1n k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i = s; b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong = s \u00d7 (R2\/R1).<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i cung ngo\u00e0i = 2\u03c0R1; cung trong = 2\u03c0R2. C\u1ed9ng\/tr\u1eeb khe h\u1edf h\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Dung sai, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb9t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 \u00f4van: \u2264 0.5\u20131.0% D cho b\u1ed3n h\u00e0n th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng; b\u1ed3n chu\u1ea9n cao: \u2264 0.3% D.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ea7u b\u1eb9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng pre-bending hai \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u1edbi m\u00e1y 4 tr\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf; n\u1ebfu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0o m\u00e9p h\u00e0n gi\u00e1p m\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-loc-tron-ong-va-tam-inox-cho-bon-be\">Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ed1c tr\u00f2n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m Inox cho b\u1ed3n, b\u1ec3<\/h2>\n<p>1) Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00f4i: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/No.4\/BA, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p s\u1eaft. D\u00f9ng con l\u0103n, g\u1eafp, v\u1ea3i m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho Inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1eaft, soi m\u00e9p h\u00e0n (V, U ho\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng) theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tr\u1ee5c chu\u1ea9n, chi\u1ec1u l\u1ed1c, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>2) Pre-bending hai \u0111\u1ea7u<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/\u0111\u1ed9 \u00e9p theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u00e1c Inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ed1c b\u1ebb m\u00e9p hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb9t; gi\u1eef b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m, cu\u1ed9n l\u00f3t n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>3) L\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o tr\u00f2n<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u0103ng \u00e9p t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc (nhi\u1ec1u pass), \u0111\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y 3 tr\u1ee5c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n: l\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 0.5\u20131.5%, \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (0\u00b0, 45\u00b0, 90\u00b0).<\/p>\n<p>4) L\u00e1p gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc (longitudinal seam)<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u00e1 l\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng v\u00f2ng k\u1eb9p tr\u00f2n (strong back) v\u00e0 con l\u0103n c\u0103n t\u00e2m; khe h\u1edf h\u00e0n theo WPS.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n root GTAW c\u00f3 che kh\u00ed m\u1eb7t trong (back purge b\u1eb1ng Ar) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en\/l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n \u0103n m\u00f2n; sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafp GMAW\/FCAW ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c GTAW t\u00f9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u que\/d\u00e2y: 304\/304L d\u00f9ng ER308L; 316L d\u00f9ng ER316L; 201 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ER308\/309 (t\u00f9y t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp, g\u00f5 ngu\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<p>5) Re-rounding v\u00e0 l\u1ed1c tinh<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0a \u1ed1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh tr\u00f2n (rounding) \u0111\u1ea1t dung sai; d\u00f9ng v\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m (template) ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2y pi tape.<\/p>\n<p>6) L\u1ed1c v\u00f2ng th\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e0n chu vi (circumferential seam)<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c \u201c\u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n\u201d (shell course). G\u00e1 canh m\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng v\u00f2ng gi\u1eef; h\u00e0n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 chia \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4van.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi c\u00f4n: ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ec7ch hai tr\u1ee5c b\u00ean (m\u00e1y 4 tr\u1ee5c) ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 c\u00f4n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>7) N\u1eafp \u0111\u00e1y\/n\u1eafp ch\u1ecfm, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1y\/n\u1eafp: ch\u1ecfm elip\/toro\/konvex t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng d\u1eadp\/spin; h\u00e0n chu vi v\u1edbi th\u00e2n b\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng GTAW\/GMAW c\u00f3 purge.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u1eafn b\u00edch, l\u1ed7 th\u0103m, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee1, g\u00e2n t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng; h\u00e0n \u0111\u1eafp t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>8) L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng gel pickling (HNO3 + HF ho\u1eb7c citric-based) theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, trung h\u00f2a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp Cr2O3; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p carbon g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u1ed1c \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m (\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1ed1ng b\u1ed3n: l\u1ed1c \u2013 h\u00e0n d\u1ecdc \u2013 re-round \u2013 h\u00e0n chu vi n\u1ed1i \u0111o\u1ea1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00f9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00edn kh\u00ed\/k\u00edn n\u01b0\u1edbc: th\u1eed \u00e1p, th\u1eed r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 (helium sniffer) ho\u1eb7c th\u1eed ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-kiem-soat-bien-dang-han-nghiem-thu-va-thu-kin\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0n, nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u00e0 th\u1eed k\u00edn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng backing bar n\u01b0\u1edbc\/l\u00e0m m\u00e1t gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp; k\u1eb9p strong back; chia \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadp.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra:<br \/>\n  &#8211; PT (th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u), VT (tr\u1ef1c quan) cho m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox; RT\/UT theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u00f2n, \u00f4van: \u0111o 4\u20138 \u0111i\u1ec3m chu vi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1t; dung sai nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng tr\u1ee5c, cao \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng m\u00e9p h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed k\u00edn:<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ed3n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n: th\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0129nh; quan s\u00e1t r\u00f2, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ed3n \u00e1p: th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c theo ASME VIII\/EN 13445; qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 tr\u00e1nh \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-bao-ve-be-mat-va-ve-sinh-trong-gia-cong\">B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh trong gia c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Duy tr\u00ec film PE b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t No.4\/BA trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ed1c; th\u00e1o sau khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea1ch, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho Inox; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean s\u00e0n th\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u1ebfu l\u01b0u kho.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ed0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f2n\/\u00f4van l\u1edbn: thi\u1ebfu pre-bending, s\u1ed1 pass \u00edt, \u00e9p qu\u00e1 nhanh; kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng re-rounding c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng chu\u1ea9n, t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 pass nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u0103n m\u00e9p khi l\u1ed1c c\u00f4n: l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ti\u1ebfn dao qu\u00e1 nhanh; ch\u1ec9nh kho\u1ea3ng l\u1ec7ch tr\u1ee5c, t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p, d\u00f9ng v\u00e0nh ch\u1eb7n m\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201c\u0110\u1ea7u b\u1eb9t\u201d d\u00e0i: pre-bending ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n pre-bending \u0111\u00fang th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb9t sau l\u1ed1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: purge k\u00e9m; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng keo purge n\u1ed9i, \u0111\u0129a ch\u1eb7n kh\u00ed, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian thay kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0 v\u00e0ng sau pickling: r\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft; t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1eeda, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch ion.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-lap-ke-hoach-gia-cong-va-bao-gia-thong-tin-xuong-c\">L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1: th\u00f4ng tin x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd: D trong\/ngo\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u cao, s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1t, c\u00f3\/kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4n, dung sai tr\u00f2n\/\u00f4van.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: m\u00e1c, b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y, kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (2B\/No.4\/BA), ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 (MTC).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: quy tr\u00ecnh, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u NDT, th\u1eed k\u00edn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n: pickling\/passivation, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng trong\/ngo\u00e0i (Ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau).<br \/>\n&#8211; Giao h\u00e0ng: th\u1eddi gian, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ISO 3834, ASME).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-vi-du-thuc-te-ha-noi\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Inox 304L, Do 2500 mm, H 6000 mm, t 4 mm, 3 \u0111\u1ed1t th\u00e2n + 1 c\u00f4n loe mi\u1ec7ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00e1y l\u1ed1c 4 tr\u1ee5c kh\u1ed5 2500 mm; pre-bending hai \u0111\u1ea7u; tri\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh L m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1t ~ 7836 mm, c\u1eaft 7835 mm \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb khe h\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u00f9 co.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00e0n d\u1ecdc GTAW root + GMAW fill, purge Ar 99.99%; re-round \u0111\u1ea1t \u00f4van \u2264 0.4% D.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Pickling + passivation; th\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc 24 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Euro Inox \u2013 The Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel; Stainless Steel: Fabrication (euro-inox.org).<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu \u2013 Fabrication and welding guidelines for stainless steels (outokumpu.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; Davi, Faccin \u2013 Plate rolling machines technical data: minimum bending diameters and capacity correction for stainless steels (catalogues c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section VIII, EN 13445 \u2013 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1eed b\u1ed3n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c; API 650 \u2013 B\u1ed3n h\u00e0n ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; SSINA \u2013 Designer Handbook: Bending and forming of stainless steels (ssina.com).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1ed1c tr\u00f2n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m Inox cho b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9: ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Inox, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y (3\/4 tr\u1ee5c) theo h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u00ednh tri\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh, pre-bending chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb9t\u201d, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng purge v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u00e0n, v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu b\u1eb1ng \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f2n, NDT, th\u1eed k\u00edn. L\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ed3n tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u, k\u00edn b\u1ec1n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ed1c tr\u00f2n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m Inox ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3: ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, b\u00f9 h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y 3\/4 tr\u1ee5c, quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1376"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}