{"id":1389,"date":"2025-12-04T12:34:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-04T05:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-tig-inox-a-z-ky-thuat-vat-lieu-bu-va-meo-moi-han-ngau\/"},"modified":"2025-12-04T12:34:38","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T05:34:38","slug":"han-tig-inox-a-z-ky-thuat-vat-lieu-bu-va-meo-moi-han-ngau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-tig-inox-a-z-ky-thuat-vat-lieu-bu-va-meo-moi-han-ngau\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0n TIG Inox A\u2013Z: K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ng\u1ea5u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tig-inox-khi-nao-nen-chon-va-yeu-cau-chat-luong\">TIG inox: khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-vat-lieu-inox-va-dac-thu-luyen-kim-khi-han\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 luy\u1ec7n kim khi h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-chon-vat-lieu-bu-que-day-han-tig-dung-mac-va-duong\">Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 (que\/ d\u00e2y h\u00e0n TIG) \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-khi-bao-ve-back-purge-va-luu-luong\">Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, back purge v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-dien-cuc-tungsten-loai-kich-thuoc-mai-dau\">\u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tungsten: lo\u1ea1i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-chuan-bi-moi-han-va-ga-lap\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 g\u00e1 l\u1eafp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-thiet-lap-thong-so-dong-xung-tig-toc-do\">Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1: d\u00f2ng, xung TIG, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-ky-thuat-thao-tac-de-moi-han-dep-ngau\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u1ea5u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-xu-ly-be-mat-sau-han-loai-bo-mau-nhiet-va-thu-dong\">X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau h\u00e0n: lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-tieu-chuan-tham-chieu\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham chi\u1ebfu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-thong-so-nhanh-cho-xuong\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u201cnhanh\u201d cho x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-nguon-tham-khao-khuyen-nghi\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-14-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>H\u00e0n TIG inox l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n s\u1ea1ch, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7: k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, back purge, xung TIG v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1eeba ng\u1ea5u, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tig-inox-khi-nao-nen-chon-va-yeu-cau-chat-luong\">TIG inox: khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng 0.5\u20136 mm, \u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c), inox trang tr\u00ed, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cao, h\u00e0n \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, h\u00e0n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: h\u1ed3 quang \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, \u00edt b\u1eafn t\u00f3e, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng cao, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ee3 c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1, c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic (304\/304L, 316\/316L, 201) h\u00e0n TIG \u1edf c\u1ef1c DCEN (DC \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m). AC ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng cho nh\u00f4m\/magie.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-vat-lieu-inox-va-dac-thu-luyen-kim-khi-han\">V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 luy\u1ec7n kim khi h\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u00f3m austenitic 300: 304\/304L ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t; 316\/316L ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n Cl- t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; 321\/347 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a (Ti\/Nb) ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00f3m 200 (201\/202): Mn, N cao, gi\u00e1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao; nh\u1ea1y n\u00f3ng n\u1ee9t h\u01a1n, c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn que b\u00f9 \u0111\u00fang.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex (2205): y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.  <\/p>\n<p>R\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh khi h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u00f3ng n\u1ee9t (hot cracking): h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecdn que b\u00f9 \u201cL\u201d v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ferrite FN ~3\u201310 trong kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ER308L\/316L).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi (sensitization): gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp (interpass) <150 \u00b0C, d\u00f9ng m\u00e1c \u201cL\u201d (C \u2264 0.03%), h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t.  \n- Oxy h\u00f3a m\u1eb7t sau (sugaring): b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c back purge khi h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng\/\u0111\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-chon-vat-lieu-bu-que-day-han-tig-dung-mac-va-duong\">Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 (que\/ d\u00e2y h\u00e0n TIG) \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<h3>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ch\u1ecdn que b\u00f9 theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304\/304L \u2192 ER308L (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t), n\u1ebfu h\u00e0n v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon \u2192 ER309L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 201\/202 \u2192 ER308L (gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec Cr t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 316\/316L \u2192 ER316L (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9).<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 321\/347 \u2192 ER347 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Nb\/Columbium) ho\u1eb7c ER308L n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eaft khe.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dissimilar SS\u2013CS ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n 304\u2192CS \u2192 ER309L (ho\u1eb7c 309Mo n\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 \u2192 ER2209 (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang).<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c \u201cL\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t. Xem th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Avesta\/Outokumpu\/ESAB\/Lincoln cho t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh que b\u00f9<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 0.8\u20131.0 mm: t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng \u22641.2 mm, h\u00e0n g\u00f3c nh\u1ecf, chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ea3nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; 1.2\u20131.6 mm: d\u1ea3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn 1\u20133 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2.0 mm: v\u1eadt d\u00e0y h\u01a1n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eafp nhi\u1ec1u.<br \/>\nNguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh que b\u00f9 \u2248 b\u1eb1ng 0.6\u20130.8 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf d\u1ea3i m\u1ecfng-v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 c\u1ea5p d\u00e2y, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-khi-bao-ve-back-purge-va-luu-luong\">Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, back purge v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00ed m\u1ecf h\u00e0n: Argon 99.99% (Ar-4.6 tr\u1edf l\u00ean). V\u1edbi t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3 quang \u201cn\u00f3ng\u201d h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha He (Ar\/He 75\/25 ho\u1eb7c 50\/50) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u1ea5u s\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ecf: 6\u201312 l\u00edt\/ph\u00fat (LPM) v\u1edbi ch\u1ee5p th\u01b0\u1eddng; 6\u201310 LPM v\u1edbi gas lens; t\u0103ng t\u1edbi 12\u201314 LPM khi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee5p l\u1edbn (#10\u2013#12) ho\u1eb7c gi\u00f3 l\u00f9a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee5p g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 gas lens: gas lens + ch\u1ee5p #8\u2013#12 cho h\u1ed3 quang \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1ed9ng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0n s\u00e1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Back purge (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau): b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi inox \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201csugaring\u201d v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n  + Purge b\u1eb1ng Argon 5\u201315 LPM \u0111\u1ebfn khi O2 trong khoang <0.1% (1,000 ppm) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh.  \n  + D\u00f9ng b\u0103ng keo nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u00ea ch\u1eafn purge, b\u00f3ng purge, gi\u1ea5y kraft ph\u1ee7 nh\u00f4m, \u1ed1ng silicone\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecbt k\u00edn.  \n  + \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp root \u1ed1ng: l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m cao; x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eadt h\u1ed3 quang.  \n- Trailing shield: h\u1eefu \u00edch khi h\u00e0n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u00e1ng\/si\u00eau s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng, duplex ho\u1eb7c titan (v\u1edbi inox th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u1ebfu purge t\u1ed1t).\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-dien-cuc-tungsten-loai-kich-thuoc-mai-dau\">\u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tungsten: lo\u1ea1i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<br \/>\n  + 2% Lanthanated (WL20, m\u00e0u xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u2013 \u0111a d\u1ee5ng DC\/AC, b\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<br \/>\n  + 2% Ceriated (WC20, x\u00e1m) \u2013 t\u1ed1t cho d\u00f2ng th\u1ea5p tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n  + 2% Thoriated (WT20, \u0111\u1ecf) \u2013 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u01b0\u1edfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tungsten v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o (DCEN):<br \/>\n  + 1.6 mm: ~20\u2013110 A<br \/>\n  + 2.4 mm: ~60\u2013180 A<br \/>\n  + 3.2 mm: ~120\u2013280 A<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u: m\u00e0i theo tr\u1ee5c (longitudinal), g\u00f3c 20\u201330\u00b0, \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n m\u1ea3nh; \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f9 nh\u1eb9 cho d\u00f2ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed3 quang.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00f2 (stick-out): 3\u20135 mm v\u1edbi ch\u1ee5p th\u01b0\u1eddng, 6\u20138 mm v\u1edbi gas lens; gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ed3 quang \u2248 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tungsten.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-chuan-bi-moi-han-va-ga-lap\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 g\u00e1 l\u1eafp<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh k\u1ef9: t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng acetone\/IPA; ch\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ri\u00eang (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon).<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng m\u00e9p:<br \/>\n  + \u22641.5 mm: h\u00e0n gi\u00e1p m\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng v\u00e1t, khe h\u1edf 0.1\u20130.3 mm.<br \/>\n  + 1.5\u20133 mm: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c v\u00e1t nh\u1eb9 V 30\u201340\u00b0, g\u1edd 0.5\u20131.0 mm, khe h\u1edf 0.5\u20131.0 mm cho m\u1ed1i ng\u1ea5u.<br \/>\n  + >3 mm: v\u00e1t V\/U theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00f3 backing ho\u1eb7c purge cho l\u1edbp root.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u00e1 l\u1eafp\/\u0111\u00ednh: m\u1ed1i \u0111\u00ednh ng\u1eafn, c\u00e1ch 50\u2013100 mm; m\u00e0i s\u1ea1ch m\u1ed1i \u0111\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1, k\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed3ng\/l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng; h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, back-step\/skip weld.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-thiet-lap-thong-so-dong-xung-tig-toc-do\">Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1: d\u00f2ng, xung TIG, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<br \/>\n&#8211; DCEN (\u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m), h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o cho inox t\u1ea5m: 30\u201345 A m\u1ed7i mm chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y khi h\u00e0n c\u00f3 que b\u00f9; m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0n autogenous c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1ed3 quang TIG th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng 10\u201314 V; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn dao \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ea5u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (tham kh\u1ea3o, c\u00f2n t\u00f9y m\u00e1y, m\u1ecf, kh\u00ed, thao t\u00e1c):<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m 0.8\u20131.0 mm (304L, gi\u00e1p m\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng que ho\u1eb7c que 1.0 mm): 25\u201345 A, ch\u1ee5p #8 + gas lens, Ar 8 LPM; n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng xung: f = 1.5\u20133 Hz, Ipeak 40\u201355 A, Ibase 10\u201320 A, duty 30\u201340%.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng 1.5 mm (304L\/201, c\u00f3 que 1.2\u20131.6 mm): 45\u201380 A; xung 1\u20132 Hz, Ipeak 65\u201385 A, Ibase 20\u201330 A.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m 3.0 mm (304L\/316L, que 1.6\u20132.0 mm): 90\u2013120 A, h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng He \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb9o v\u1edbi xung TIG:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1ecbp ch\u1ea5m que theo xung \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng v\u1ea3y c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Xung th\u1ea5p (0.5\u20135 Hz) d\u1ec5 theo tay th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng; xung cao (100\u20135000 Hz) gi\u00fap thu h\u1eb9p b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n tr\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft si\u00eau m\u1ecfng nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n m\u00e1y t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tay ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-ky-thuat-thao-tac-de-moi-han-dep-ngau\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; G\u00f3c m\u1ecf 10\u201315\u00b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng theo chi\u1ec1u h\u00e0n; gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn, trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0o r\u00e3nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea5p que b\u00f9 \u1edf m\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n, nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec1u, tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5m d\u00e2y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o tungsten.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i theo h\u00ecnh \u201cd\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y\u201d nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1u; v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cwalking the cup\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t:<br \/>\n  + Gi\u1eef interpass <150 \u00b0C (s\u1edd tay kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng b\u00fat s\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t\/pyrometer).  \n  + L\u00e0m m\u00e1t xen k\u1ebd, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng\/\u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng.  \n  + Theo d\u00f5i m\u00e0u: v\u00e0ng r\u01a1m\/chuy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u; xanh t\u00edm s\u1eabm b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu purge.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-xu-ly-be-mat-sau-han-loai-bo-mau-nhiet-va-thu-dong\">X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau h\u00e0n: lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: m\u00e0i tinh b\u1eb1ng flap\/nylon m\u1ecbn, b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i inox; kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: dung d\u1ecbch pickling (HNO3 + HF) ho\u1eb7c axit citric chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n, r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a: \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng\/kh\u1eed m\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y electropolish di \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\nM\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Sugaring (ch\u00e1y \u0111en m\u1eb7t sau): thi\u1ebfu purge\/oxy cao; kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1ecbt k\u00edn, x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111o O2, gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ed7 kh\u00ed: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea9n\/\u1ea9m, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea5p, gi\u00f3 l\u00f9a; kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec7 sinh k\u1ef9, t\u0103ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u00f9ng gas lens, ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea5u\/thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p kim: d\u00f2ng th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh, g\u00f3c m\u1ecf sai; t\u0103ng d\u00f2ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, ch\u1ec9nh g\u00f3c, th\u00eam v\u00e1t m\u00e9p n\u1ebfu d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng: ch\u1ecdn que \u201cL\u201d, gi\u1ea3m pha lo\u00e3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t, tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n sau h\u00e0n: kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t, d\u00f9ng que sai m\u00e1c; x\u1eed l\u00fd pickling\/passivation, thay \u0111\u00fang que (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 316L cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl-).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-tieu-chuan-tham-chieu\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham chi\u1ebfu<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c quan: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng undercut, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eafn t\u00f3e, m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ea5m m\u00e0u (PT) cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n k\u00edn kh\u00edt v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eb7t trong \u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng boroscope n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu WPS\/PQR v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee3 (AWS D1.6, ASME IX, ISO 9606-1). V\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u O2 purge v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-thong-so-nhanh-cho-xuong\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u201cnhanh\u201d cho x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ecf: 17\/26 ho\u1eb7c 9 (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eb9p); ch\u1ee5p #8 gas lens l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111a n\u0103ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00ed: Ar 8\u201312 LPM; purge Ar 5\u201310 LPM \u0111\u1ebfn O2 <0.1%.  \n- Tungsten: WL20 2.4 mm cho 60\u2013160 A; m\u00e0i 25\u00b0.  \n- D\u00f2ng: 35\u201345 A\/mm (c\u00f3 que b\u00f9), gi\u1ea3m 10\u201320% n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng xung.  \n- Que b\u00f9: ER308L\/316L lo\u1ea1i \u201cL\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1.2\u20131.6 mm cho d\u1ea3i 1\u20133 mm.  \n- K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec7 sinh: t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i inox ri\u00eang, g\u0103ng s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m tay tr\u1ea7n.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>1) H\u00e0n inox 201 c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n 304 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>201 nh\u1ea1y n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n 304, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ER308L. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, gi\u1eef interpass th\u1ea5p, \u01b0u ti\u00ean xung TIG tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<h3>2) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0n TIG inox kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng que b\u00f9?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng (autogenous). Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c\/\u1ed1ng, que b\u00f9 gi\u00fap b\u1ed5 sung Cr-Ni, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ferrite v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng ER309L?<\/h3>\n<p>Khi h\u00e0n inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon\/th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang que m\u00e1c inox n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-nguon-tham-khao-khuyen-nghi\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; AWS D1.6\/D1.6M: Structural Welding Code\u2014Stainless Steel, American Welding Society.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME Section IX: Welding Qualifications.<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 14175: Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Miller Electric: TIG Welding Tips and Techniques; Lincoln Electric: Welding Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; Avesta\/Outokumpu Welding Handbook (l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn que b\u00f9 inox theo m\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-14-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n TIG inox \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u1ea5u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n: ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang que b\u00f9 (\u01b0u ti\u00ean \u201cL\u201d), thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kh\u00ed v\u00e0 back purge chu\u1ea9n, d\u00f9ng tungsten v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o (xung TIG khi c\u1ea7n), thao t\u00e1c s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau h\u00e0n. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00ean chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ecdn que b\u00f9 \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 inox t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn A\u2013Z h\u00e0n TIG inox: ch\u1ecdn que b\u00f9 \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp d\u00f2ng, kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, back purge, xung TIG v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u1ea5u, ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1036,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1389"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1389\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}