{"id":1395,"date":"2025-12-06T00:36:05","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T17:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/10-loi-han-inox-chay-canh-ro-khi-nut-cach-phong-tranh\/"},"modified":"2025-12-06T00:36:05","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T17:36:05","slug":"10-loi-han-inox-chay-canh-ro-khi-nut-cach-phong-tranh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/10-loi-han-inox-chay-canh-ro-khi-nut-cach-phong-tranh\/","title":{"rendered":"10 l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n Inox: ch\u00e1y c\u1ea1nh, r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, n\u1ee9t \u2013 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-nhung-nguyen-tac-nen-tang-khi-han-inox\">Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khi h\u00e0n Inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-10-loi-han-inox-thuong-gap-va-cach-phong-tranh\">10 l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n Inox th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-thiet-lap-quy-trinh-han-inox-chong-loi-khuyen-nghi\">Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n Inox \u201cch\u1ed1ng l\u1ed7i\u201d \u2013 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-thong-so-goi-y-theo-chieu-day-tham-khao-nhanh\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y (tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-tieu-chi-chap-nhan\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-cac-sai-lam-chet-nguoi-can-tranh-ngay\">C\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m \u201cch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh ngay<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Khi h\u00e0n Inox (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9), \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m oxy h\u00f3a khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t sinh l\u1ed7i n\u1ebfu quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p 10 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00e1y c\u1ea1nh, r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, n\u1ee9t), c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p quan tr\u1ecdng trong C\u1ea9m nang K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Li\u00ean k\u1ebft Inox, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-nhung-nguyen-tac-nen-tang-khi-han-inox\">Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khi h\u00e0n Inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: ER308L cho 304\/304L; ER316L cho 316\/316L; ER309L cho h\u00e0n d\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon; que E308L-16\/E316L-16 cho SMAW. \u01afu ti\u00ean m\u00e1c L (th\u1ea5p C) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a (carbide h\u00f3a).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o: gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh (tham chi\u1ebfu \u22641.5 kJ\/mm v\u1edbi austenitic), nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2264150\u00b0C. D\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch: TIG\/MIG d\u00f9ng Ar \u226599.99%. MIG cho Inox: Ar+1\u20132% O2 ho\u1eb7c Ar+2% CO2; CO2 cao g\u00e2y oxy h\u00f3a. Lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00e1nh gi\u00f3 l\u00f9a.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t: lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, \u1ea9m, s\u01a1n, g\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng dung m\u00f4i (acetone), b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i Inox ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1eebng m\u00e0i th\u00e9p carbon \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau (back purging) v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng, b\u1ed3n, \u1ed1ng h\u1ed9p: x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed argon \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian, theo d\u00f5i O2 xu\u1ed1ng \u226450\u2013100 ppm \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u201csugaring\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; TIG DCEN, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ar 8\u201312 L\/ph\u00fat (b\u00e9c #6\u20138), g\u00f3c m\u1ecf 10\u201315\u00b0, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i h\u1ed3 quang \u2248 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; MIG DCEP, stick-out 10\u201315 mm, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed 12\u201320 L\/ph\u00fat, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng theo d\u00e2y\/kh\u00ed, \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung cho t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; SMAW gi\u1eef que kh\u00f4, s\u1ea5y theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o NSX; h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn, g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-10-loi-han-inox-thuong-gap-va-cach-phong-tranh\">10 l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n Inox th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<h3>1) Ch\u00e1y c\u1ea1nh (undercut)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: R\u00e3nh l\u00f5m d\u1ecdc theo bi\u00ean m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; l\u00e0m m\u1ecfng m\u00e9p, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: D\u00f2ng\/\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 nhanh, g\u00f3c m\u1ecf sai (\u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh), dao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng\/\u0111\u1ecdng h\u1ed3 quang \u1edf m\u00e9p, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed k\u00e9m l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y m\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng\/\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, t\u0103ng nh\u1eb9 b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng v\u0169ng h\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u201cph\u01a1i m\u00e9p\u201d.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1eef g\u00f3c m\u1ecf 10\u201315\u00b0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn; kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u00e2u tr\u00ean m\u00e9p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf dao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1edbi MIG, chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung\/spray, d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed Ar+O2 1\u20132% \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3 quang \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h3>2) R\u1ed7 kh\u00ed (porosity)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: L\u1ed7 r\u1ed7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed1i (ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qua c\u1eaft m\u00e0i\/RT); th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed7 nh\u00f3m \u1edf v\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\/k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: \u1ea8m\/d\u1ea7u b\u1ea9n, oxy\/h\u01a1i \u1ea9m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 cao, xo\u00e1y gi\u00f3, stick-out d\u00e0i, v\u00f2i phun b\u1ea9n, que\/thu\u1ed1c h\u00e0n \u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 (acetone, b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i Inox ri\u00eang); s\u1ea5y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 que\/thu\u1ed1c theo NSX.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kh\u00ed: TIG 8\u201312 L\/ph\u00fat; MIG 12\u201320 L\/ph\u00fat; t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1ee5p kh\u00ed khi khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Che ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3; gi\u1eef stick-out MIG 10\u201315 mm; thay\/b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ee5p kh\u00ed, c\u1ed5 ng\u1ed7ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1edbi TIG, tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea1m tungsten; n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n, m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h3>3) N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng, n\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i (cracking)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: N\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc t\u00e2m m\u1ed1i, n\u1ee9t ch\u00e2n r\u00e3nh ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0n; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n sau khi ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c sau v\u00e0i chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng: k\u1ebft tinh \u1edf austenitic do FN qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p (~0), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n S, P cao, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n l\u00f5m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i\/hydrogen: \u00edt g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean austenitic, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi martensitic\/duplex ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2y\/que c\u00f3 FN m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 3\u201310 (ER308L\/316L chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t); tr\u00e1nh m\u00e1c \u201ctuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ferrite\u201d.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i h\u01a1i l\u1ed3i, l\u1ea5p mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t: ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 S, P th\u1ea5p; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9; tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m Fe.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1edbi martensitic\/duplex: theo WPS ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n gia nhi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf interpass ch\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3>4) Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea5u\/thi\u1ebfu ng\u1ea5u (lack of fusion\/penetration)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: Ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n; m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft th\u1ea5y khe h\u1edf \u0111en, ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0103n s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: D\u00f2ng qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 nhanh, g\u00f3c\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i h\u1ed3 quang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ee7 hai m\u00e9p, v\u1ea3y \u00f4x\u00edt d\u00e0y, v\u00e1t m\u00e9p\/khe h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u0103ng d\u00f2ng\/\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ea3 hai m\u00e9p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u00e9p 60\u201370\u00b0, g\u1ed1c v\u00e1t 1\u20131.5 mm; duy tr\u00ec khe h\u1edf g\u1ed1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp \u00f4x\u00edt Inox c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0i\/c\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i pass.<\/p>\n<h3>5) D\u01b0 th\u1ea5u\/ch\u00e1y th\u1ee7ng (over-penetration\/burn-through)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: Ch\u1ea3y x\u1ec7 \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau, l\u1ed7 th\u1ee7ng, ch\u00e2n m\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 l\u1ed3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cao, khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn, t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng, thao t\u00e1c d\u1eebng l\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng\/\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9; d\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung (TIG\/MIG).<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng backing \u0111\u1ed3ng\/\u0111\u1ed3ng thau, thanh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t khe h\u1edf.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec3m ghim tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khe h\u1edf; \u0111i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ng\u1eafn, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t xen k\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h3>6) Oxy h\u00f3a, \u201csugaring\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u (heat tint)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: M\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng\u2013xanh\u2013t\u00edm; m\u1eb7t trong h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4 r\u00e1p (sugaring). Gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau; O2 c\u00f2n cao khi h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng\/b\u00ecnh; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m che kh\u00ed \u0111u\u00f4i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Back purging: x\u1ea3 argon \u0111\u1ebfn khi O2 \u226450\u2013100 ppm; b\u1ecbt k\u00edn hai \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m che kh\u00ed \u0111u\u00f4i (trailing shield) cho TIG tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y\/d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng past HNO3\/HF theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, r\u1eeda trung h\u00f2a; ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i passivation HNO3.<\/p>\n<h3>7) Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, cong v\u00eanh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: T\u1ea5m cong, m\u00e9o sau h\u00e0n; l\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng kh\u00edt.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf\/ co ng\u00f3t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Inox; tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng; m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u00e0i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; K\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t, g\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee9ng; h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, nh\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc (skip), chia pass ng\u1eafn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng d\u00e2y nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9; l\u00e0m m\u00e1t xen k\u1ebd.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h3>8) B\u1eafn t\u00f3e (spatter) \u2013 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu MIG\/MAG<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: H\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1m quanh m\u1ed1i, t\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: H\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, kh\u00ed CO2 cao, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, d\u00e2y \u1ea9m\/b\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng kh\u00ed Ar+1\u20132% O2 ho\u1eb7c Ar+2% CO2; \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung\/spray.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p\/d\u00f2ng theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o d\u00e2y; gi\u1eef d\u00e2y kh\u00f4, s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng b\u1eafn t\u00f3e ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p Inox; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h3>9) Nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft (Fe contamination) v\u00e0 rouging<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: \u1ed0 n\u00e2u\/\u0111\u1ecf sau th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Inox; test b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y th\u1eed Fe.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: D\u00f9ng chung b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i\/\u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon; k\u1eb9p g\u00e1 th\u00e9p; b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft b\u00e1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho Inox; d\u00f9ng k\u1eb9p m\u00e1 nh\u1ef1a\/\u0111\u1ed3ng; v\u1ec7 sinh khu v\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Sau gia c\u00f4ng: passivation b\u1eb1ng HNO3 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng; ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h3>10) L\u00f5m mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0n (crater, crater crack)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: H\u00f5m \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng m\u1ed1i; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ee9t ch\u00e2n sao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: Ng\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t khi v\u0169ng h\u00e0n c\u00f2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u1ea5p crater tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1eebng; v\u1edbi TIG d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng downslope; MIG d\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 crater fill.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1eef m\u1ecf th\u00eam 1\u20132 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 che kh\u00ed sau t\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang, tr\u00e1nh oxy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-thiet-lap-quy-trinh-han-inox-chong-loi-khuyen-nghi\">Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n Inox \u201cch\u1ed1ng l\u1ed7i\u201d \u2013 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 WPS:<br \/>\n  &#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0n; ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2y\/que v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp WPS v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, interpass, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n), chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tham chi\u1ebfu ISO 5817 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (B\/C\/D) v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 purging:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u1ed1ng\/\u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i; \u0111o O2 khi purging \u1ed1ng\/b\u00ecnh, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u226450\u2013100 ppm cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng b\u0103ng keo ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00fat ch\u1eb7n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng; b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1:<br \/>\n  &#8211; TIG: DCEN, m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u tungsten theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh; b\u00e9c g\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn; duy tr\u00ec h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; MIG: ch\u1ec9nh stick-out, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00f2i phun; c\u1ea5p d\u00e2y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; th\u1eed m\u1ed1i m\u1eabu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; SMAW: s\u1ea5y\/gi\u1eef que theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o; h\u1ed3 quang ng\u1eafn; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch x\u1ec9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u; t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra VT 100% b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; PT cho m\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng; n\u1ed9i soi g\u1ed1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng; RT\/UT theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-thong-so-goi-y-theo-chieu-day-tham-khao-nhanh\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y (tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng 0.8\u20131.5 mm: TIG xung, d\u00f2ng 30\u201370 A, b\u00e9c #6\u20138, Ar 8\u201310 L\/ph\u00fat; back purging cho \u1ed1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2\u20134 mm: TIG 70\u2013120 A ho\u1eb7c MIG xung d\u00e2y 0.8\u20131.0 mm, Ar+1\u20132% O2; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; >4 mm: MIG xung\/spray ho\u1eb7c TIG nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t xen k\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: Lu\u00f4n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u theo WPS, d\u00e2y\/kh\u00ed v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-tieu-chi-chap-nhan\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Theo ISO 5817, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: B (nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t), C (th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng), D (n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng).<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c): undercut gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y; r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc\/ m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9; kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea5u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u1edf m\u1ee9c B\/C.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng PT \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ee9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; RT\/UT khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u00ean trong; l\u01b0u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 PQR\/WPS v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 NDT \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-cac-sai-lam-chet-nguoi-can-tranh-ngay\">C\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m \u201cch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh ngay<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0n Inox nh\u01b0 h\u00e0n th\u00e9p carbon: d\u00f9ng chung d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, CO2 100% cho MIG Inox, b\u1ecf qua purging.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ecf qua l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1ea9m: nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 1 g\u00e2y r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\/interpass: g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u, suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5p crater v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu che kh\u00ed khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u1ed3 quang.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf 10 l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n Inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00e1y c\u1ea1nh, r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t), ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u00e0: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00ed \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 back purging) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o theo WPS. Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 5817, b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n. Khi c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi), h\u00e3y hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00eam m\u1ee9c purging, x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n Inox cho x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, v\u1eadt t\u01b0 chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o:<br \/>\n&#8211; AWS D1.6\/D1.6M \u2013 Structural Welding Code \u2013 Stainless Steel<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 5817: Arc welded joints in steel \u2014 Quality levels for imperfections<br \/>\n&#8211; TWI (The Welding Institute) \u2013 Stainless steel welding defects and prevention: https:\/\/www.twi-global.com<br \/>\n&#8211; ASSDA \u2013 Weld decay, heat tint and post-weld cleaning guidelines: https:\/\/www.assda.asn.au<br \/>\n&#8211; Lincoln Electric \u2013 Stainless filler selection and parameters: https:\/\/www.lincolnelectric.com<br \/>\n&#8211; ESAB Knowledge Center \u2013 Shielding gases for stainless steel: https:\/\/www.esab.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c 10 l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n Inox nh\u01b0 ch\u00e1y c\u1ea1nh, r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, n\u1ee9t. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n, kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, back purging, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1395"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1395\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}