{"id":1397,"date":"2025-12-06T12:34:16","date_gmt":"2025-12-06T05:34:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/xu-ly-moi-han-inox-ly-do-bat-buoc-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa\/"},"modified":"2025-12-06T12:34:16","modified_gmt":"2025-12-06T05:34:16","slug":"xu-ly-moi-han-inox-ly-do-bat-buoc-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/xu-ly-moi-han-inox-ly-do-bat-buoc-tay-trang-thu-dong-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox: L\u00fd do b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng &#038; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox\">V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-phan-biet-tay-trang-va-thu-dong-hoa\">Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-lua-chon-phuong-phap-xu-ly-moi-han\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-chuan-goi-y-cho-moi-han-304316\">Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n 304\/316<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-kiem-soat-chat-luong-va-nghiem-thu\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-lua-chon-theo-cap-thep-va-moi-truong\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo c\u1ea5p th\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-an-toan-moi-truong-phap-ly\">An to\u00e0n \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-chi-phi-thoi-gian-khuyen-nghi-thuc-te\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 th\u1eddi gian \u2013 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0n Inox, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Sau h\u00e0n, l\u1edbp \u201cheat tint\u201d (bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u xanh t\u00edm\/n\u00e2u) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft khi\u1ebfn Inox m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. V\u00ec v\u1eady, x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (pickling) v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation) l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-phai-xu-ly-moi-han-inox\">V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1edbp oxit nhi\u1ec7t (heat tint) h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi h\u00e0n l\u00e0m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o Cr (cr\u00f4m), t\u1ea1o v\u00f9ng nh\u1ea1y \u0103n m\u00f2n quanh m\u1ed1i. M\u00e0u c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm, l\u1edbp oxit c\u00e0ng d\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c suy gi\u1ea3m c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1eeb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 carbon, x\u1ec9 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1eafn t\u00f3e l\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u (tea staining) v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4 r\u00e1p sau h\u00e0n gi\u1eef \u1ea9m\/mu\u1ed1i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0103n m\u00f2n khe.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i tr\u01a1, m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 heat tint \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng CIP\/SIP, 3-A\/EHEDG.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9: k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, lan can, b\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7u Inox c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua:<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ec9 n\u00e2u s\u1edbm ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i\/H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng (\u1ea9m, m\u01b0a axit, b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m\/khe quanh m\u00e9p m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trong b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c: b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n, kh\u00f3 v\u1ec7 sinh, nguy c\u01a1 vi sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nghi\u1ec7m thu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-phan-biet-tay-trang-va-thu-dong-hoa\">Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng (pickling): lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit nhi\u1ec7t, x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb ngh\u00e8o Cr b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (th\u01b0\u1eddng HNO3 + HF) ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cl\u1ed9t\u201d b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation): t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i m\u00e0ng oxit Cr2O3 m\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng oxy h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 (axit nitric ho\u1eb7c axit citric). Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit nhi\u1ec7t n\u1eb7ng \u2013 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Chu\u1ea9n tham chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng:<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A380M: L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A967\/A967M: Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (nitric\/citric).<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 16048 v\u00e0 AMS 2700: Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (tham kh\u1ea3o theo ng\u00e0nh).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-lua-chon-phuong-phap-xu-ly-moi-han\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u01a1 kh\u00ed: m\u00e0i, ch\u1ea3i, phun bi<\/h3>\n<p>Khi d\u00f9ng:<br \/>\n&#8211; Heat tint nh\u1eb9 (v\u00e0ng, n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t), y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cao, c\u1ea7n ph\u1eb3ng m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng \u0111\u0129a flap\/nh\u00e1m grit 80\u2013240 ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i INOX\/nylon chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng; tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p carbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; Phun bi th\u1ee7y tinh\/keramic \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; tr\u00e1nh bi th\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u01afu\/nh\u01b0\u1ee3c:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu: Kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: T\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m (Ra), l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng b\u1eb1ng HNO3 + HF (gel\/b\u1ec3)<\/h3>\n<p>Khi d\u00f9ng:<br \/>\n&#8211; Heat tint trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eb7ng (n\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm, xanh t\u00edm, \u0111en).<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gel t\u1ea9y):<br \/>\n&#8211; Gel\/b\u1ed9t nh\u00e3o: HNO3 8\u201320%, HF 2\u201312%; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 15\u201325\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac: 10\u201360 ph\u00fat t\u00f9y c\u1ea5p th\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c oxit. Duplex\/316Mo th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n 304.<br \/>\nQuy tr\u00ecnh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<br \/>\n1) T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u\/m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9; r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n2) Che ch\u1eafn v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd; b\u00f4i gel t\u1ea9y l\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 heat tint\/x\u1ec9.<br \/>\n3) Duy tr\u00ec \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt trong th\u1eddi gian quy \u0111\u1ecbnh; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n4) G\u1ea1t b\u1ecf gel; trung h\u00f2a b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 (Na2CO3\/NaHCO3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m).<br \/>\n5) R\u1eeda \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch (\u01b0u ti\u00ean DI) \u0111\u1ebfn pH trung t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n6) L\u00e0m kh\u00f4; ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>\u01afu\/nh\u01b0\u1ee3c:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 oxit v\u00e0 l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o Cr, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: An to\u00e0n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (HF r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c), y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (electrolytic weld cleaning)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng b\u00fat\/\u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed5i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng 30\u2013100 A v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (th\u01b0\u1eddng phosphoric).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhanh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng; v\u1eeba l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u h\u00e0n, v\u1eeba h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho l\u1edbp oxit d\u00e0y\/\u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee9ng; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (nitric\/citric)<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng theo ASTM A967:<br \/>\n&#8211; Nitric: 20\u201325% HNO3, 49\u201360\u00b0C, 20\u201345 ph\u00fat; r\u1eeda DI k\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Citric: 4\u201310% axit citric, 49\u201360\u00b0C, 30\u201390 ph\u00fat; an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00edn.<br \/>\nGhi ch\u00fa:<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n heat tint.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec1u gel t\u1ea9y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a HNO3 gi\u00fap t\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/bi\u1ec3n) v\u1eabn n\u00ean passivation ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng (electropolishing)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00f2a tan \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u00e1m, gi\u1ea3m Ra v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ec7 sinh cao (food\/pharma), thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, trang tr\u00ed h\u1ea1ng A.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-chuan-goi-y-cho-moi-han-304316\">Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n 304\/316<\/h2>\n<p>1) \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u:<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0u heat tint: v\u00e0ng (nh\u1eb9), n\u00e2u\/t\u00edm (trung b\u00ecnh), xanh\/\u0111en (n\u1eb7ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, ven bi\u1ec3n, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n2) Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb:<br \/>\n&#8211; Che ch\u1eafn; t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u; d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 INOX ri\u00eang.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0i\/ch\u1ea3i b\u1ecf b\u1eafn t\u00f3e, x\u1ec9; l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (grit 120\u2013240 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n).<br \/>\n3) T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng:<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00f4i gel HNO3 + HF \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean v\u00f9ng heat tint 10\u201330 mm v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e9p m\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duy tr\u00ec 10\u201345 ph\u00fat (316\/duplex c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n); kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u1ea1t, trung h\u00f2a, r\u1eeda \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao \u0111\u1ebfn pH ~7.<br \/>\n4) Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a:<br \/>\n&#8211; Citric 6% \u1edf 55\u00b0C trong 45\u201360 ph\u00fat (\u01b0u ti\u00ean an to\u00e0n), ho\u1eb7c Nitric 25% \u1edf 55\u00b0C trong 30 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1eeda DI, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<br \/>\n5) Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Water-break test: n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferrorxyl ho\u1eb7c Copper sulfate test theo ASTM A967: kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ebft xanh\/\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e1m (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o Ra n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (hygienic: th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2264 0,8 \u00b5m).<br \/>\n6) Ghi nh\u1eadn: l\u01b0u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u00f4 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi gian, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 test; \u1ea3nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u2013sau.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ee3i \u00fd cho duplex 2205\/2507:<br \/>\n&#8211; Oxit b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n; ch\u1ecdn gel chuy\u00ean cho duplex, th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 1,2\u20131,5 l\u1ea7n; tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-kiem-soat-chat-luong-va-nghiem-thu\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ec1n: kh\u00f4ng heat tint c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i; kh\u00f4ng x\u1ec9\/b\u1eafn t\u00f3e; kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do: th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat\/citric; ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn khi kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cho h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c quan tr\u1ecdng: th\u1eed ASTM G48 (316\/duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: m\u00e0u t\u00f4ng 2B\/No.4 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n xung quanh; n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-lua-chon-theo-cap-thep-va-moi-truong\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo c\u1ea5p th\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4: m\u00e0i + th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu heat tint r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/ven bi\u1ec3n: lu\u00f4n t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng + th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tea staining.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L khu v\u1ef1c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng: t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c; v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex (2205\/2507): ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n; t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t; QC nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430\/441 (ferritic): d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tea staining h\u01a1n; tr\u00e1nh clo; \u01b0u ti\u00ean passivation citric.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c: t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng + th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a + \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng\/\u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf Ra, tr\u00e1nh khe r\u00e3nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i\/th\u00e9p carbon: g\u00e2y t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft \u2192 r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u nhanh. D\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 INOX chuy\u00ean.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea9y: heat tint kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n s\u1edbm.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 gel t\u1ea9y kh\u00f4 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: t\u1ea1o v\u1ebft \u1ed1, kh\u00f3 trung h\u00f2a. Lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng HCl\/NaCl \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ct\u1ea9y r\u1ec9\u201d: tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea5m v\u1edbi Inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 sau t\u1ea9y: ion halide c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd. R\u1eeda DI \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1edbi pH trung t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng back purging khi h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng: m\u1eb7t sau b\u1ecb \u201csugaring\u201d (oxit \u0111en d\u00e0y) r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd; ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-an-toan-moi-truong-phap-ly\">An to\u00e0n \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t HF c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c, \u0103n m\u00f2n s\u00e2u; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u PPE \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7: g\u0103ng nitrile\/neoprene d\u00e0i tay, k\u00ednh che m\u1eb7t, t\u1ea1p d\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trang b\u1ecb gel canxi gluconat 2,5% t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7; hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m HF.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thu gom gel th\u1ea3i, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda sau trung h\u00f2a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nguy h\u1ea1i; b\u00e0n giao \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh citric khi kh\u1ea3 thi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro EHS.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-chi-phi-thoi-gian-khuyen-nghi-thuc-te\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 th\u1eddi gian \u2013 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n: chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p\/nhanh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p heat tint r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4; v\u1eabn n\u00ean th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gel t\u1ea9y HNO3+HF: chi ph\u00ed h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh; th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 15\u201345 ph\u00fat; hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00edt gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t; hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi heat tint nh\u1eb9\u2013trung b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/ven bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0nh v\u1ec7 sinh: lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng + th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a; chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0103n m\u00f2n sau 6\u201318 th\u00e1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng gel t\u1ea9y? N\u00ean c\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh. Gel t\u1ea9y c\u00f3 HNO3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf passivation t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t? Ch\u1ec9 khi heat tint r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9; r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n r\u1eeda c\u00f3 sao kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng. Clo trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. R\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch\/DI.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bao l\u00e2u sau h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd? C\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t sau khi ngu\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 l\u00e0m oxit c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1eabn b\u1ea9n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eb7t trong \u1ed1ng? C\u00f3. Back purging \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf oxit; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 heat tint\/sugaring, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y\/m\u00e0i m\u1eb7t trong.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A380\/A380M \u2013 Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A967\/A967M \u2013 Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts.<br \/>\n&#8211; AMS 2700 \u2013 Passivation of Corrosion Resistant Steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 16048 \u2013 Passivation of corrosion-resistant stainless steels (tham kh\u1ea3o).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA (International Molybdenum Association) \u2013 Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; TWI (The Welding Institute) \u2013 Heat tint and its effect on stainless steel corrosion resistance.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o Cr; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p (c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a) v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n theo ASTM A380\/A967 gi\u00fap m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u1ec7 sinh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. V\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, ven bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng + th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng hay b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n Inox? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM A380\/A967, quy tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1397"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1397\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}