{"id":1406,"date":"2025-12-08T12:36:02","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T05:36:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/lap-dung-ket-cau-inox-lon-an-toan-thi-cong-chong-bien-dang\/"},"modified":"2025-12-08T12:36:02","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T05:36:02","slug":"lap-dung-ket-cau-inox-lon-an-toan-thi-cong-chong-bien-dang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/lap-dung-ket-cau-inox-lon-an-toan-thi-cong-chong-bien-dang\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox l\u1edbn: An to\u00e0n thi c\u00f4ng &#038; ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-dac-thu-cua-ket-cau-inox-can-luu-y-ngay-tu-khau-th\">\u0110\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd ngay t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-lap-ke-hoach-lap-dung-ho-so-chuan-muc-va-chuan-bi-\">L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng: h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-kiem-soat-bien-dang-tu-xuong-den-hien-truong\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-nang-ha-ket-cau-inox-lon-thiet-ke-rigging-va-ke-ch\">N\u00e2ng h\u1ea1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox l\u1edbn: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf rigging v\u00e0 k\u00ea ch\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-han-tai-hien-truong-ky-thuat-it-bien-dang-sach-va-\">H\u00e0n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng: k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00edt bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ec1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-lien-ket-bulong-va-lap-ghep-co-khi-chong-galling-v\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft bul\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p c\u01a1 kh\u00ed: ch\u1ed1ng galling v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-on-dinh-tong-the-va-giang-tam-trong-giai-doan-lap-\">\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-kiem-soat-moi-truong-ve-sinh-be-mat-va-hoan-thien\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-do-dac-dung-sai-va-bu-gian-no\">\u0110o \u0111\u1ea1c dung sai v\u00e0 b\u00f9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-an-toan-han-cat-va-hoa-chat\">An to\u00e0n h\u00e0n c\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-qaqc-va-nghiem-thu\">QA\/QC v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-vi-du-nhanh-dung-bon-316l-d8-m-h12-m\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh: D\u1ef1ng b\u1ed3n 316L D=8 m, H=12 m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-checklist-nhanh-chong-bien-dang-va-an-toan\">Checklist nhanh ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-nguon-tham-khao-khuyen-nghi\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9) k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf cao, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng do h\u00e0n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox l\u1edbn, t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1, h\u00e0n\u2013l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7m thu. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong C\u1ea9m nang K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Li\u00ean k\u1ebft Inox (h\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng), nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-dac-thu-cua-ket-cau-inox-can-luu-y-ngay-tu-khau-th\">\u0110\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd ngay t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a austenitic stainless (304\/316) \u2248 16\u201317 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K, cao h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon (~12 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K). Bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t h\u00e0n g\u00e2y sai l\u1ec7ch k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u2192 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00e0n (cong v\u00eanh, co r\u00fat) d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecbp d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft: ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p carbon, v\u1ee5n m\u1ea1t s\u1eaft d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy c\u01a1 \u201cgalling\u201d \u1edf bul\u00f4ng Inox: ma s\u00e1t cao g\u00e2y k\u1eb9t ren n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4-men si\u1ebft.<br \/>\n&#8211; An to\u00e0n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a d\u00f9ng axit (nitric\/citric); an to\u00e0n kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 (argon) trong kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn; kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n Cr(VI) c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-lap-ke-hoach-lap-dung-ho-so-chuan-muc-va-chuan-bi-\">L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng: h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<h3>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng, dung sai l\u1eafp v\u00e0 dung sai h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (camber, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eb7n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n (WPS\/PQR) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n theo AWS D1.6 (Stainless Steel) ho\u1eb7c EN\/ISO 15614, ISO 9606-1; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n ISO 3834.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\/l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng: EN 1993-1-4 (Eurocode th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9), h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Euro Inox\/Nickel Institute, quy t\u1eafc n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 x\u00edch c\u00e1p theo ASME B30\/OSHA khi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra cao \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed bu l\u00f4ng neo, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng b\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh l\u1edbp v\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng co ng\u00f3t (grout).<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ea5m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n (isolation pads\/washer) t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed li\u00ean k\u1ebft Inox\u2013th\u00e9p carbon\/nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea1ch cho Inox: d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, b\u00e0n g\u00e1, ch\u1ed5i th\u00e9p\u2026 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng; tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch an to\u00e0n thi c\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (JSA): n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cao, h\u00e0n c\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n gi\u00f3 khi n\u00e2ng: t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng khi gi\u00f3 gi\u1eadt tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea9u\/slings; c\u1ea5m n\u00e2ng t\u1ea5m l\u1edbn khi gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kh\u00ed trong b\u1ed3n\/b\u1ec3 k\u00edn khi d\u00f9ng argon purge; thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o O2, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-kiem-soat-bien-dang-tu-xuong-den-hien-truong\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<h3>Trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: t\u0103ng s\u01b0\u1eddn t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng, g\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng v\u00eanh t\u1ea1m; d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng pre-camber h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u00e1 l\u1eafp c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng; d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 ph\u1eb3ng, n\u1eb9p ch\u1ed1ng cong (strongback), keo nhi\u1ec7t\/chill bar b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00f4m t\u1ea1i m\u00e9p h\u00e0n m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u00e0n \u00edt bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: back-step, skip, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m ra ngo\u00e0i; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf pass d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t: gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa (interpass) th\u01b0\u1eddng <150\u00b0C cho austenitic; tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (sensitization).\n- B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t sau m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n g\u1ed1c (root) b\u1eb1ng argon purge, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t O2 d\u01b0 <50\u2013100 ppm cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4xy h\u00f3a m\u1eb7t l\u01b0ng.\n\n\n\n<h3>Trong v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea5m chloride (cao su EPDM, PTFE) t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef3; che ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng film\/blanket chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1eb1ng bu\u1ed9c qua tai treo\/\u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c; tr\u00e1nh d\u00e2y si\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean m\u00e9p t\u1ea5m d\u1ec5 \u201cc\u1eaft\u201d bavia v\u00e0 cong.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u1eafp: d\u1ef1ng khung ch\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1m, c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u1eafp panel\/g\u00e2n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: b\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00e3n n\u1edf khi \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c (coefficient 17 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K); h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf h\u00e0n khi t\u1ea5m n\u00f3ng g\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafng.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1eb9p gi\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh: d\u00f9ng n\u00eam kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, \u00ea-t\u00f4 mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ec1m; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t khe h\u1edf gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m co h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-nang-ha-ket-cau-inox-lon-thiet-ke-rigging-va-ke-ch\">N\u00e2ng h\u1ea1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox l\u1edbn: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf rigging v\u00e0 k\u00ea ch\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed padeye\/lifting lug theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n; ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh NDT padeye tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00e2ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng d\u1ea7m gi\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i (spreader beam) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng g\u00f3c c\u00e1p; n\u00ean gi\u1eef g\u00f3c d\u00e2y so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang \u226560\u00b0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh nhanh l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh: T \u2248 W \/ (2\u00b7sin\u03b8). G\u00f3c nh\u1ecf l\u00e0m l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2y \u201cc\u1eaft\u201d c\u1ea1nh Inox \u2014 d\u00f9ng \u1ed1p bo g\u00f3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean sling s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p k\u00e8m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e9p; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 D\/d theo khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1eb9p sling.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng m\u00f3c qua l\u1ed7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho n\u00e2ng; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng l\u1ed7 bul\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m treo n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00ea ch\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1m: ch\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, gi\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9o, c\u00e1p ch\u1eb1ng gi\u00f3; th\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-han-tai-hien-truong-ky-thuat-it-bien-dang-sach-va-\">H\u00e0n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng: k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00edt bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n<h3>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: GTAW (TIG) cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n g\u1ed1c; GMAW (MIG) xung ho\u1eb7c FCAW-G cho \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao; que h\u00e0n SMAW cho s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng: 308L cho 304\/304L; 316L cho 316\/316L; ch\u1ecdn L \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m C, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p O2: Ar ho\u1eb7c mix Ar+He; tr\u00e1nh CO2 cao v\u00ec t\u0103ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a; tu\u00e2n ISO 14175.<\/p>\n<h3>Gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; G\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; h\u00e0n skip xen k\u1ebd hai b\u00ean tr\u1ee5c trung t\u00e2m.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; d\u00f9ng back-step (h\u00e0n l\u00f9i) cho panel l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1eef khe h\u1edf gh\u00e9p v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7; d\u00f9ng backing\/copper bar \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e9p m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n tuy\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n (t\u0103ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung); ch\u1ec9 tack v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Purge m\u1eb7t l\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng\/bao kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u0103ng d\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t; \u0111o O2 d\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng analyzer \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng root.<br \/>\n&#8211; Che ch\u1eafn b\u1eafn t\u00f3e; kh\u00f4ng c\u1eaft m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng cho th\u00e9p carbon (tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft).<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u (heat tint) sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng gel\/ngu\u1ed9i phun; r\u1eeda trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 th\u1eed Ferroxy n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-lien-ket-bulong-va-lap-ghep-co-khi-chong-galling-v\">Li\u00ean k\u1ebft bul\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p c\u01a1 kh\u00ed: ch\u1ed1ng galling v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p b\u1ec1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (A2-70, A4-70\/A4-80); v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t (anti-seize) chuy\u00ean cho Inox; si\u1ebft theo m\u00f4-men ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng \u201csi\u1ebft kh\u00f4\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a khi b\u1eaft v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon\/nh\u00f4m: d\u00f9ng long \u0111en, \u1ed1ng l\u00f3t, s\u01a1n l\u00f3t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, keo trung t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n bul\u00f4ng Inox v\u1edbi \u00ea-cu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-on-dinh-tong-the-va-giang-tam-trong-giai-doan-lap-\">\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi ch\u1ec9 l\u1eafp m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed gi\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1m\/guy-wire theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh, neo v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1o gi\u1eb1ng khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u0129nh c\u1eedu; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch sau m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-kiem-soat-moi-truong-ve-sinh-be-mat-va-hoan-thien\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh chloride (mu\u1ed1i) b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n\/nhi\u1ec7t cao; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a Cl- \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 sinh n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i Inox ri\u00eang; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i th\u00e9p carbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t h\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u00e0i: tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, trung h\u00f2a, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch; ghi ch\u00e9p l\u00f4 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-do-dac-dung-sai-va-bu-gian-no\">\u0110o \u0111\u1ea1c dung sai v\u00e0 b\u00f9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng m\u00e1y to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1c\/laser tracker ki\u1ec3m tra: \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e2m l\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh b\u00f9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eafp: \u0394L = \u03b1\u00b7L\u00b7\u0394T (\u03b1\u224817 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K cho 304\/316); \u0111\u1eb7t shim\/n\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103n \u0111\u00fang \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi b\u1ec3\/b\u1ed3n l\u1edbn: \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f2n t\u1eebng v\u00e0nh; ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e9o b\u1eb1ng gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Inox (\u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-an-toan-han-cat-va-hoa-chat\">An to\u00e0n h\u00e0n c\u1eaft v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f3i h\u00e0n Cr(VI): d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea1t h\u00fat c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 l\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; \u01b0u ti\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh\/kh\u00ed t\u1ea1o \u00edt kh\u00f3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn: gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t O2 khi purge argon; quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c confined space.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda: PPE \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (g\u0103ng, k\u00ednh, t\u1ea1p d\u1ec1), khay h\u1ee9ng, trung h\u00f2a sau t\u1ea9y, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o MSDS.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cao: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u01a1i, l\u1ed1i \u0111i an to\u00e0n, neo m\u00f3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-qaqc-va-nghiem-thu\">QA\/QC v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; NDT m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: VT, PT cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; RT\/UT theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn theo AWS D1.6 ho\u1eb7c EN ISO t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed k\u00edn b\u1ed3n\/b\u1ec3: th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng (vacuum box) cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1y\/th\u00e2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: WPS\/PQR, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee3, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (MTC), bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n NDT, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd purge O2, bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n t\u1ea9y\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e0n giao v\u1ec7 sinh: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 heat tint \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p kh\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch ly.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-vi-du-nhanh-dung-bon-316l-d8-m-h12-m\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh: D\u1ef1ng b\u1ed3n 316L D=8 m, H=12 m<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o: c\u00e1n cu\u1ed9n panel th\u00e2n 8 mm, \u0111\u00e1y 10 mm; TIG root + MIG xung \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y; purge O2<70 ppm cho m\u1ed1i d\u1ecdc.\n- V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n: panel d\u1ef1ng s\u1eb5n v\u00e0nh 3 m; k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec7m EPDM, che ph\u1ee7.\n- N\u00e2ng h\u1ea1: d\u00f9ng spreader 2 t\u1ea7ng, 4 nh\u00e1nh sling t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p; g\u00f3c d\u00e2y 60\u201370\u00b0; padeye t\u00ednh theo t\u1ea3i, NDT MT\/UT 100%.\n- L\u1eafp hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng: l\u1eafp \u0111\u00e1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0103ng c\u1eef tr\u00f2n, gi\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1m ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3; h\u00e0n skip\u2013\u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng; \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh sau m\u1ed7i m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p; t\u1ea9y\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 sau ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.\n- Nghi\u1ec7m thu: th\u1eed k\u00edn th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c 24 h; PT m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1y; b\u00e0n giao h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 NDT v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-checklist-nhanh-chong-bien-dang-va-an-toan\">Checklist nhanh ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 Inox chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung th\u00e9p carbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, pass ng\u1eafn, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t interpass <150\u00b0C.\n- Purge m\u1eb7t l\u01b0ng v\u1edbi O2 d\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; che ch\u1eafn b\u1eafn t\u00f3e.\n- Spreader beam, g\u00f3c d\u00e2y \u226560\u00b0, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e9p; \u0111i\u1ec3m treo \u0111\u00e3 NDT.\n- Gi\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u00e1o theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1; \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c laser t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc.\n- T\u1ea9y\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n giao.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-nguon-tham-khao-khuyen-nghi\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; AWS D1.6\/D1.6M: Structural Welding Code \u2013 Stainless Steel, AWS.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 1993-1-4: Eurocode 3 \u2013 Design of steel structures \u2013 Stainless steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 9606-1 (Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n), ISO 3834 (Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n), ISO 14175 (Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00e0n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Euro Inox &#038; Nickel Institute: Design Manual for Structural Stainless Steel; c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o\/l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA (International Molybdenum Association): Fabrication of Stainless Steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME B30 (Rigging\/Slings) v\u00e0 OSHA 1926 (an to\u00e0n thi c\u00f4ng n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1) cho th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: L\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox l\u1edbn an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u00edt bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t: k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1\u2013\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0n v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u1eafp t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m co ng\u00f3t, c\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\u2013m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Inox. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (AWS\/EN\/ISO), qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00e1ch ly\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox l\u1edbn: k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch an to\u00e0n n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1, h\u00e0n \u00edt bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu NDT theo AWS D1.6\/EN.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1002,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1406"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1406\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}