{"id":1408,"date":"2025-12-09T00:34:44","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T17:34:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-chon-vat-lieu-bu-va-quy-trinh-toi-uu\/"},"modified":"2025-12-09T00:34:44","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T17:34:44","slug":"han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-chon-vat-lieu-bu-va-quy-trinh-toi-uu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/han-inox-voi-thep-thuong-chon-vat-lieu-bu-va-quy-trinh-toi-uu\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-han-inoxthep-thuong-kho\">V\u00ec sao h\u00e0n Inox\u2013th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ckh\u00f3\u201d?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-lua-chon-vat-lieu-bu-khuyen-nghi-theo-ung-dung\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9: khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-chon-phuong-phap-han-theo-hien-truong-va-chat-luon\">Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n theo hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-kiem-soat-nhiet-preheat-interpass-lam-nguoi\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t: preheat, interpass, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-chuan-bi-mep-va-ve-sinh\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u00e9p v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-quy-trinh-han-mau-wps-tham-khao-304l-s355-day-8-mm\">Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n m\u1eabu (WPS tham kh\u1ea3o) 304L \u2194 S355, d\u00e0y 8 mm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-xu-ly-sau-han-va-bao-ve-an-mon\">X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-tieu-chuan-ap-dung-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-meo-ky-thuat-nhanh-cho-hien-truong\">M\u1eb9o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhanh cho hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>H\u00e0n Inox (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9) v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u201cd\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u201d c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro kim lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng, ho\u00e1 gi\u00f2n, \u0103n m\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, sai l\u1ec7ch h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 (que\/d\u00e2y), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1ec1n, k\u00edn, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u2013 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-han-inoxthep-thuong-kho\">V\u00ec sao h\u00e0n Inox\u2013th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ckh\u00f3\u201d?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Pha lo\u00e3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: H\u1ed3 quang k\u00e9o nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (C, Mn) v\u00e0o kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng trong austenit: Inox austenit nguy\u00ean austenit thu\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng; c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ferrite (FN~3\u201310) trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng n\u1ee9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; HAZ th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng: V\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00eda th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensite, t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i do hydro.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t: Inox austenit gi\u00e3n n\u1edf l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1: C\u1eb7p Inox\u2013th\u00e9p trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/ion Cl- l\u00e0m th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n nhanh; c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-lua-chon-vat-lieu-bu-khuyen-nghi-theo-ung-dung\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9: khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: \u01b0u ti\u00ean d\u00e2y\/que lo\u1ea1i 309L\/309MoL ho\u1eb7c 312 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Cr\u2013Ni cao, c\u00f3 FN \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1eeb th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (S235, S355, CT3\u2026)<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t: 309L\/309LSi (AWS A5.9: ER309L\/ER309LSi cho GTAW\/GMAW; A5.4: E309L-16\/-17 cho SMAW).<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua\/pitting: 309MoL\/309LMo (c\u00f3 Mo t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7).<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<br \/>\n  &#8211; 309MoL\/309L. N\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 pitting\/crevice, \u01b0u ti\u00ean 309MoL.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi khe h\u1edf l\u1edbn, chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 m\u00e1c\/h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C cao, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee9ng<br \/>\n  &#8211; 312 (AWS A5.9: ER312; A5.4: E312-16) \u2013 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ferrite cao, ch\u1ecbu pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1ed1t, kh\u00e1ng n\u1ee9t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t (\u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 309L\/Mo).<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c PWHT to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u1edf 600\u2013650\u00b0C<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u1ee3p kim Ni (ERNiCr-3\/ERNiCrMo-3) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1 Inox; c\u1ea7n th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh PQR k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex \u2194 th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: 2209 (ER\/E2209) ho\u1eb7c 309LMo; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng austenit\u2013ferrite.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i \u201cL\u201d (h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C th\u1ea5p) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1 (carbide Cr23C6).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau FN trong kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ~3\u201310 (309L, 312 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra FN b\u1eb1ng Ferritescope theo WRC-1992.<\/p>\n<h3>Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cbuttering\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: \u0110\u1eafp m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u201cbutter\u201d 309L\/309MoL l\u00ean ph\u00eda th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (2\u20133 l\u1edbp), sau \u0111\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng ph\u1eb3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: H\u00e0n li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp butter v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft Inox b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Inox (308L\/316L).<br \/>\nL\u1ee3i \u00edch: gi\u1ea3m pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1eeb th\u00e9p, t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n ph\u00eda Inox, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-chon-phuong-phap-han-theo-hien-truong-va-chat-luon\">Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n theo hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; GTAW (TIG): Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cao nh\u1ea5t cho pass \u0111\u00e1y (root), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y m\u1ecfng\u2013trung b\u00ecnh. B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c back purging Argon cho m\u1eb7t sau ph\u00eda Inox \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u201csugar\u201d oxy ho\u00e1.<br \/>\n&#8211; GMAW (MIG\/MAG): N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y ER309LSi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbt m\u00e9p; khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch xung (pulsed) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1eafn to\u00e9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; SMAW (Que h\u00e0n): Linh ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng; d\u00f9ng E309L-16\/-17, E312-16. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n que kh\u00f4, quy tr\u00ecnh \u00edt hydro.<br \/>\n&#8211; FCAW (h\u00e0n d\u00e2y l\u00f5i thu\u1ed1c): D\u00e2y 309LT1-1\/4 cho m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5u t\u1ed1t; qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed che ch\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; SAW (h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang ch\u00ecm): Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp do pha lo\u00e3ng l\u1edbn; n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, h\u00e3y buttering tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng 309L r\u1ed3i SAW l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h3>Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; GTAW: Argon 99.99%; back purge gi\u1eef O2 < 0.1% (m\u00e0u r\u1ec5 v\u00e0ng r\u01a1m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t; xanh\/\u0111en l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 oxy ho\u00e1).\n- GMAW: 98% Ar + 2% CO2 ho\u1eb7c 98% Ar + 1\u20132% O2. Tr\u00e1nh CO2 > 3% \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf oxy ho\u00e1 Cr.<br \/>\n&#8211; FCAW-G: Kh\u00ed che ch\u1eafn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 GMAW; tham kh\u1ea3o TDS c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-kiem-soat-nhiet-preheat-interpass-lam-nguoi\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t: preheat, interpass, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Preheat ph\u00eda th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng theo CE v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y:<br \/>\n  &#8211; CE \u2264 0.40: 50\u201375\u00b0C.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 0.40 < CE \u2264 0.60: 100\u2013150\u00b0C.\n  - D\u00e0y > 25 mm: t\u0103ng preheat trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c ngu\u1ed9i, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i do hydro.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp (interpass) ph\u00eda Inox: \u2264 150\u00b0C (nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u2264 120\u00b0C) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 sigma.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, tr\u00e1nh d\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-chuan-bi-mep-va-ve-sinh\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u00e9p v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm\/s\u01a1n\/d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 25\u201350 mm quanh m\u00e9p h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i, \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng Inox ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho Inox; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00e1t m\u00e9p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m pha lo\u00e3ng t\u1eeb th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e1t V h\u1eb9p ph\u00eda Inox, v\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n ph\u00eda th\u00e9p n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-quy-trinh-han-mau-wps-tham-khao-304l-s355-day-8-mm\">Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n m\u1eabu (WPS tham kh\u1ea3o) 304L \u2194 S355, d\u00e0y 8 mm<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Li\u00ean k\u1ebft: Butt joint, v\u00e1t V 60\u00b0 t\u1ed5ng; khe h\u1edf g\u1ed1c 2.0 mm; backing kh\u00ed tr\u00ean ph\u00eda Inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9: Root GTAW ER309L (\u00d81.6\u20132.4 mm), fill\/cap GMAW ER309LSi (\u00d81.0 mm) ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c GTAW.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00ed:<br \/>\n  &#8211; GTAW: Ar 99.99% 6\u20138 L\/ph, back purge 5\u20138 L\/ph, O2 < 0.1%.\n  - GMAW: 98% Ar + 2% CO2, 14\u201318 L\/ph, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xung.\n- Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tham kh\u1ea3o:\n  - GTAW root: 70\u2013110 A DCEN, 10\u201312 V; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 80\u2013140 mm\/ph.\n  - GMAW fill\/cap: 160\u2013220 A, 22\u201328 V, d\u00e2y 0.9\u20131.2 mm; WFS 6\u20139 m\/ph.\n- Preheat: 75\u2013100\u00b0C ph\u00eda th\u00e9p (t\u00f9y CE).\n- Interpass: \u2264 120\u2013150\u00b0C (\u0111o t\u1ea1i c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n).\n- Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1: Tack nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng; root GTAW m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp; ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1ec5; fill 2\u20133 l\u1edbp; cap h\u01a1i l\u1ed3i.\n- Sau h\u00e0n: L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch x\u1ec9\/oxit; pickling + passivation v\u00f9ng Inox; s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng.\n- Ki\u1ec3m tra: VT 100%; PT m\u1eb7t Inox cho r\u1ed7 n\u1ee9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00edn kh\u00ed: th\u1eed r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p; \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng HAZ th\u00e9p \u2264 350 HV.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-xu-ly-sau-han-va-bao-ve-an-mon\">X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 (pickling &#038; passivation) khu v\u1ef1c Inox \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3. D\u00f9ng gel HNO3\u2013HF ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch citric theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa Inox v\u00e0 th\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, long \u0111en nh\u1ef1a, b\u0103ng keo c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n; tr\u00e1nh \u201cwater trap\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u01a1n ph\u1ee7\/b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho ph\u1ea7n th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u01a1n k\u1ebdm epoxy + polyurethane khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng\/h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc d\u00f9ng \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp bimetal (explosion-bonded) thay v\u00ec h\u00e0n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-tieu-chuan-ap-dung-va-kiem-soat-chat-luong\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; WPS\/PQR: ASME Section IX ho\u1eb7c ISO 15614.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u Inox: AWS D1.6; k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p carbon: AWS D1.1 (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi D1.6 cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u).<br \/>\n&#8211; Que\/d\u00e2y: AWS A5.4 (SMAW), A5.9 (GTAW\/GMAW), EN ISO 14343.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n: ISO 9606-1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y: VT, PT; RT\/UT khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u; \u0111o FN n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng HAZ th\u00e9p; th\u1eed r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1ec5 h\u00e0n b\u1ecb \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (sugaring) ph\u00eda Inox: ch\u01b0a back purge ho\u1eb7c O2 purge cao \u2192 d\u00f9ng bu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed, ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t O2 < 0.1%.\n- N\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng \u1edf m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: ch\u1ecdn 309L\/312 c\u00f3 FN \u0111\u1ee7; gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o; d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y c\u00f3 Si ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbt m\u00e9p.\n- N\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed9i HAZ th\u00e9p: t\u0103ng preheat, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hydro (que\/d\u00e2y kh\u00f4; kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch), tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.\n- \u0102n m\u00f2n nhanh ph\u00eda th\u00e9p: s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1eb7p kim lo\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.\n- M\u00e0u \u00f4xy ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1eadm tr\u00ean Inox: gi\u1ea3m heat input, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n che ch\u1eafn; sau h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i pickling\/passivation.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-meo-ky-thuat-nhanh-cho-hien-truong\">M\u1eb9o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhanh cho hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean 309L\/309MoL cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft Inox\u2013th\u00e9p; 312 khi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee9ng\/kh\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Root TIG + back purging cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed9i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; fill b\u1eb1ng MIG xung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1eef interpass th\u1ea5p, d\u00e2y\/que lo\u1ea1i \u201cL\u201d; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed che ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Buttering ph\u00eda th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n SAW.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; AWS D1.6\/D1.1; ASME Section IX; EN ISO 14343; ISO 9606-1.<br \/>\n&#8211; TWI (The Welding Institute): Dissimilar metal welding guidelines \u2013 twi-global.com.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lincoln Electric: Stainless Steel Welding Guide &#038; Filler Metal Selection \u2013 lincolnelectric.com.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Welding Handbook \u2013 outokumpu.com.<br \/>\n&#8211; ESAB\/Sandvik data sheets for ER\/E309L, ER\/E312.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<br \/>\nH\u00e0n Inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00f9 \u0111\u00fang (\u01b0u ti\u00ean 309L\/309MoL ho\u1eb7c 312), quy tr\u00ecnh \u00edt hydro, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1eb7t (preheat ph\u00eda th\u00e9p, interpass th\u1ea5p), che ch\u1eafn kh\u00ed chu\u1ea9n (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t back purge cho Inox), v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n buttering khi c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1n\/c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n AWS\/ASME\/ISO v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n WPS\/PQR ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn d\u00e2y\/que 309L\/312 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00e0n Inox\u2013th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng: ch\u1ecdn 309L\/312, preheat, purge, kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, WPS m\u1eabu, x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. D\u00e0nh cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1018,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1408"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1408\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1018"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}