{"id":1418,"date":"2025-12-12T00:34:39","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T17:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/ma-mau-pvd-inox-nguyen-ly-quy-trinh-chuan-va-mau-pho-bien\/"},"modified":"2025-12-12T00:34:39","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T17:34:39","slug":"ma-mau-pvd-inox-nguyen-ly-quy-trinh-chuan-va-mau-pho-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/ma-mau-pvd-inox-nguyen-ly-quy-trinh-chuan-va-mau-pho-bien\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea1 m\u00e0u PVD inox: Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u00e0u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-ma-mau-pvd-inox-la-gi-mau-hinh-thanh-nhu-the-nao\">M\u1ea1 m\u00e0u PVD inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u00e0u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-nguyen-ly-cong-nghe-pvd-ap-dung-cho-inox\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 PVD \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-quy-trinh-ma-mau-pvd-inox-tung-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 m\u00e0u PVD inox t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-bang-mau-pvd-inox-pho-bien-va-vat-lieu-phu\">B\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u PVD inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-thong-so-ky-thuat-quan-trong-khi-dat-hangthiet-ke\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\/thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-so-sanh-pvd-voi-son-tinh-dien-va-ma-dien-trang-tri\">So s\u00e1nh PVD v\u1edbi s\u01a1n t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n trang tr\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-ung-dung-dien-hinh\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-kiem-soat-chat-luong-tieu-chi-va-thu-nghiem\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-bao-tri-va-ve-sinh-de-ben-mau-lau-nam\">B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec1n m\u00e0u l\u00e2u n\u0103m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-phong-ngua\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-cach-lua-chon-nhanh-theo-moi-truong-su-dung\">C\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-chi-phi-cac-yeu-to-quyet-dinh\">Chi ph\u00ed: c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>M\u1ea1 m\u00e0u PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) tr\u00ean inox l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i-nitride\/carbon-nitride t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u b\u1ec1n, ch\u1ed1ng x\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00e2ng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao c\u1ea5p, b\u1ed5 sung cho \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 trong ng\u00e0nh inox. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, quy tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ec7 m\u00e0u, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u2014 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, thi c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-ma-mau-pvd-inox-la-gi-mau-hinh-thanh-nhu-the-nao\">M\u1ea1 m\u00e0u PVD inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u00e0u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: L\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd (PVD) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay h\u01a1i\/\u201cb\u1eafn ph\u00e1\u201d v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (Ti, Zr, Cr\u2026) trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp phim m\u1ecfng (th\u01b0\u1eddng 0,3\u20130,8 \u00b5m) b\u00e1m l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0u s\u1eafc: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cs\u01a1n\u201d hay \u201cm\u1ef1c\u201d. M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7: TiN cho v\u00e0ng, ZrN cho v\u00e0ng champagne, CrN cho x\u00e1m b\u1ea1c, TiCN\/TiAlN cho x\u00e1m than\u2013\u0111en, DLC cho \u0111en s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng giao thoa quang h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/\u0111a l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch pha \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, cho ra c\u00e1c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 rose gold, xanh, t\u00edm, c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng\u2026<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao (TiN\/CrN th\u01b0\u1eddng 1500\u20132500 HV), ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ec1n m\u00e0u h\u01a1n s\u01a1n\/m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n trang tr\u00ed, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi 300\u2013500\u00b0C t\u00f9y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7.<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e2n hairline\/\u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-nguyen-ly-cong-nghe-pvd-ap-dung-cho-inox\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 PVD \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: Bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng cao t\u1edbi ~10\u207b\u00b3\u201310\u207b\u2075 Torr. Kh\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: Ar l\u00e0m kh\u00ed b\u1eafn ph\u00e1, N\u2082\/C\u2082H\u2082\/N\u2082+CH\u2084 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nitride\/carbonitride\/DLC.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cathodic arc evaporation (h\u1ed3 quang): T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 cao, b\u00e1m d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u201cdroplets\u201d (gi\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i) n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Magnetron sputtering (DC\/RF): B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00e0u t\u1ed1t; HiPIMS cho m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 plasma cao, b\u00e1m d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebf: 150\u2013300\u00b0C cho l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean inox; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p bias n\u1ec1n: -50 \u0111\u1ebfn -200 V \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ion, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u00e1m d\u00ednh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9: 0,05\u20130,3 \u00b5m\/gi\u1edd cho trang tr\u00ed (ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\/m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-quy-trinh-ma-mau-pvd-inox-tung-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 m\u00e0u PVD inox t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<h3>1) Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc PVD<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e1c inox: 201 (n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4), 304 (\u0111a d\u1ee5ng), 316\/316L (ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, ven bi\u1ec3n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clo).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc:<br \/>\n  &#8211; G\u01b0\u01a1ng No.8\/BA: cho m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u201cs\u00e2u\u201d, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Hairline HL\/Satin: cho hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh, gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed9 v\u00e2n tay.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Bead-blast: n\u1ec1n m\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u, gi\u1ea3m ch\u00f3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: PVD t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n; khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i \u201cm\u00e0u loang\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng do n\u1ec1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<h3>2) Ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u\/ki\u1ec1m + si\u00eau \u00e2m + r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc DI.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: plasma\/ion bombardment trong bu\u1ed3ng (Ar glow discharge) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i oxit\/\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: PVD kh\u00f4ng \u201cche\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ec9 h\u00e0n, r\u1ed7, v\u1ebft m\u00e0i s\u00e2u; ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Fixturing &#038; che ch\u1eafn<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 treo xoay\/\u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Che ch\u1eafn (mask) c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee7 (l\u1ed7 ren, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p).<br \/>\n&#8211; PVD l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cline-of-sight\u201d; h\u1ed1c s\u00e2u, \u1ed1ng d\u00e0i, khe khu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd ph\u1ee7 k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<h3>4) Gia nhi\u1ec7t \u2013 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ion<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh (150\u2013300\u00b0C).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ion etching v\u1edbi Ar v\u00e0 bias \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ckh\u1eafc\u201d b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u0103ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h3>5) L\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp \u201ckey\u201d (Cr\/Ti m\u1ecfng) r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp m\u00e0u ch\u00ednh (TiN, ZrN, CrN, TiCN, DLC\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng: v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 N\u2082\/Ar, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi gian\/l\u1edbp d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3>6) L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u2013 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng\/kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u00f4xi h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7y: film PE\/ gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-bang-mau-pvd-inox-pho-bien-va-vat-lieu-phu\">B\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u PVD inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00e0ng gold 24K: TiN (v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm), \u0111\u1ed9 no m\u00e0u cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00e0ng champagne: ZrN (\u1ea5m, sang, \u00edt \u201cg\u1eaft\u201d).<br \/>\n&#8211; Rose gold (h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng): TiN\/TiCN \u0111a l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c ZrN + l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110en\/x\u00e1m than: TiCN, TiAlN, CrN t\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c DLC (\u0111en s\u00e2u, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecf\/\u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed5: \u0111a l\u1edbp TiN\/ZrN + carbon; c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1eafc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00edm, c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng: m\u00e0ng \u0111a l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng t\u1ea1o giao thoa; \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u00e0u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y.<br \/>\nGhi ch\u00fa: C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean m\u00e0u nh\u01b0ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y do c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh bu\u1ed3ng, ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-thong-so-ky-thuat-quan-trong-khi-dat-hangthiet-ke\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng\/thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 trang tr\u00ed: 0,3\u20130,8 \u00b5m (tham chi\u1ebfu \u2014 t\u0103ng d\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, v\u00ec \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: TiN\/CrN: ~1800\u20132500 HV; DLC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0u: ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0394E*ab \u2264 1,0\u20132,0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m\/chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f9ng m\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1t trong trang tr\u00ed cao c\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd; v\u1edbi inox 304\/316, l\u1edbp PVD t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t >200\u2013500 h NSS (ASTM B117\/ISO 9227) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i\/ven bi\u1ec3n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng 316\/316L + CrN\/ZrN \u0111a l\u1edbp.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc\/gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n gia c\u00f4ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m: ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn 1219\u00d72438 mm, c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u1eadn 1500\u00d73000 mm (t\u00f9y bu\u1ed3ng).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng\/h\u1ed9p: d\u00e0i 3\u20136 m; m\u1eb7t trong \u1ed1ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u201cline-of-sight\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung sai\/bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: nhi\u1ec7t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ecfng; n\u00ean ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, u\u1ed1n, h\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi PVD.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: tr\u00e1nh clo\/ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh, axit ch\u1ee9a Cl\u207b; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 th\u00eam l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e2n tay (AFP) d\u1ea1ng sol-gel\/ceramic m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-so-sanh-pvd-voi-son-tinh-dien-va-ma-dien-trang-tri\">So s\u00e1nh PVD v\u1edbi s\u01a1n t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n trang tr\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: PVD c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, ch\u1ed1ng x\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi s\u01a1n; t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n trang tr\u00ed (Ni\/Cr) trong nhi\u1ec1u va qu\u1ec7t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0u s\u1eafc\/kim lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh: PVD cho hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u201cth\u1eadt\u201d, gi\u1eef v\u00e2n hairline\/g\u01b0\u01a1ng; s\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cph\u1eb3ng\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: PVD kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng Cr\u2076\u207a, \u00edt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i l\u1ecfng; th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc: PVD kh\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed1c s\u00e2u; s\u01a1n t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u1edf chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi: \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n s\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec1n m\u00e0u\/kh\u00f3 tr\u1ea7y n\u00ean t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-ung-dung-dien-hinh\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t \u2013 ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t: thang m\u00e1y, \u1ed1p t\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e1ch thang m\u00e1y, tay v\u1ecbn, bi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u, c\u1eeda, tr\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac: facade, lam ch\u1eafn n\u1eafng, c\u1ed9t trang tr\u00ed, lan can.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 v\u1ec7 sinh: ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n trang tr\u00ed, tay g\u1ea1t, n\u1eafp che.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng \u2013 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb: t\u1ee7 b\u1ebfp inox m\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ed3 decor, khung m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-kiem-soat-chat-luong-tieu-chi-va-thu-nghiem\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i\/m\u00e0u: so m\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng quang ph\u1ed5 CIE L*a*b*; \u0394E*ab theo gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y: \u0111o calotte grinding, XRF, ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft m\u1eabu \u0111o m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft (EN ISO 1463).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1eed c\u00e0o scratch test (ASTM C1624) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n LC.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u1eed v\u1ebft l\u00f5m Rockwell theo VDI 3198 ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ng HF1\u2013HF6.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng vi m\u00f4: Vickers (HV0.05\/HV0.1).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i: ASTM B117\/ISO 9227 (NSS) theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed lau h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9: dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y gia d\u1ee5ng trung t\u00ednh; ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ebft \u1ed1\/bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-bao-tri-va-ve-sinh-de-ben-mau-lau-nam\">B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec1n m\u00e0u l\u00e2u n\u0103m<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n m\u1ec1m + n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m + x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng trung t\u00ednh (pH 6\u20138).<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh: b\u1ed9t m\u00e0i, pad c\u01b0\u1edbc, Javel, HCl\/HF, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y g\u1ed1c clo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lau kh\u00f4 ngay sau khi \u01b0\u1edbt; \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n n\u00ean r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m mu\u1ed1i b\u00e1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi n\u1ec1n HL, ch\u1ecdn dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e2n tay. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 nano AFP sau l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-phong-ngua\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e0u loang\/\u201cb\u00f3ng m\u00e2y\u201d: n\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, d\u1ea7u\/\u1ea9m c\u00f2n s\u00f3t; kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch si\u00eau \u00e2m, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ea5y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00f3c m\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i m\u00e9p\/\u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ed3: g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh s\u1eafc, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0ng cao; c\u1ea7n bo m\u00e9p nh\u1eb9, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh bias\/l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7t gi\u1ecdt nh\u1ecf (droplets) v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 quang: d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc h\u1ed3 quang ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang sputtering cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 quanh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: do x\u1ec9\/oxy h\u00f3a ch\u01b0a x\u1eed l\u00fd; b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, passivation \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc PVD.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ee9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 sau khi u\u1ed1n: PVD c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n; ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1n\/h\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-cach-lua-chon-nhanh-theo-moi-truong-su-dung\">C\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, \u00edt ch\u00e0 x\u00e1t: inox 201\/304 + TiN\/ZrN\/CrN; n\u1ec1n HL \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e2n tay.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khu c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ecbu va ch\u1ea1m: 304\/316 + CrN\/TiCN ho\u1eb7c DLC cho ch\u1ed1ng x\u01b0\u1edbc cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/ven bi\u1ec3n: 316\/316L + CrN\/ZrN \u0111a l\u1edbp; b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec r\u1eeda mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0u \u0111en s\u00e2u: \u01b0u ti\u00ean DLC ho\u1eb7c \u0111a l\u1edbp TiCN + \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00e0y; ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu l\u1eafp ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-chi-phi-cac-yeu-to-quyet-dinh\">Chi ph\u00ed: c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1c inox v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n (g\u01b0\u01a1ng\/HL\/m\u1edd).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0u\/l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 (DLC v\u00e0 \u0111a l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n TiN\/CrN \u0111\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 che ch\u1eafn, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/m\u1ebb.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u QC (\u0394E ch\u1eb7t, NSS d\u00e0i gi\u1edd, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m).<br \/>\nG\u1ee3i \u00fd: gom l\u00f4 theo m\u00e0u\/ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Mattox, D. M. \u2013 Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing, 2nd Ed., Elsevier.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM C1624 \u2013 Standard Test Method for Adhesion Strength and Mechanical Failure Modes of Thin Coatings by Scratch Testing.<br \/>\n&#8211; VDI 3198 \u2013 Adhesion of hard coatings: Rockwell indentation test.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM B117 \/ ISO 9227 \u2013 Neutral Salt Spray (NSS) corrosion test.<br \/>\n&#8211; Hauzer Techno Coating \u2013 Decorative PVD coatings application notes (h\u1ec7 m\u00e0u, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 trang tr\u00ed).<br \/>\n&#8211; Bunshah, R. F. \u2013 Handbook of Deposition Technologies for Films and Coatings, Noyes.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ea1 m\u00e0u PVD tr\u00ean inox t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 nitride\/carbonitride si\u00eau m\u1ecfng, c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n m\u00e0u, cho v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p kim lo\u1ea1i cao c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 s\u01a1n\/m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u: ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c inox theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed QC ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. B\u1ea3ng m\u00e0u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (v\u00e0ng, champagne, rose gold, \u0111en\/x\u00e1m, \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. V\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, PVD l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p, kinh t\u1ebf theo v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0u, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd m\u1ea1 m\u00e0u PVD tr\u00ean inox, quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\/m\u00e0u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1070,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1418"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1418\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}