{"id":1422,"date":"2025-12-13T00:35:19","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T17:35:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/an-mon-va-khac-laser-inox-ky-thuat-tao-hoa-van-logo-sac-net\/"},"modified":"2025-12-13T00:35:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T17:35:19","slug":"an-mon-va-khac-laser-inox-ky-thuat-tao-hoa-van-logo-sac-net","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/an-mon-va-khac-laser-inox-ky-thuat-tao-hoa-van-logo-sac-net\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0102n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc laser Inox: k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o hoa v\u0103n, logo s\u1eafc n\u00e9t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-cac-ky-thuat-tao-dau-tren-inox\">T\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-so-sanh-nhanh-chon-cong-nghe-nao\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-lua-chon-theo-vat-lieu-va-be-mat\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-thuc-hanh-chuan\">Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-thiet-ke-file-va-meo-do-sac-net\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf file v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-anh-huong-den-chong-an-mon-va-xu-ly-sau-gia-cong\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau gia c\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-kiem-soat-chat-luong-va-thu-nghiem\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-ung-dung-dien-hinh-va-goi-y-ky-thuat\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-thong-so-khoi-diem-khuyen-nghi-de-thu-nghiem\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb (\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-case-study-ngan\">Case study ng\u1eafn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong nh\u00f3m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng hay \u0111\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc\/\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u laser l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o hoa v\u0103n, logo, m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, quy tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 201\/304\/316.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-cac-ky-thuat-tao-dau-tren-inox\">T\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean inox<\/h2>\n<h3>1) \u0102n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (chemical etching)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7 (resist). Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng FeCl3 (clorua s\u1eaft) l\u00e0m dung d\u1ecbch \u0103n m\u00f2n cho inox; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, m\u00e9p kh\u1eafc s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 10\u2013200 \u00b5m; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m d\u00e0i v\u00e0 resist d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ~0,2\u20130,3 mm v\u1edbi photoresist ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, sai s\u1ed1 \u00b10,1\u20130,2 mm t\u00f9y chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t khu\u1ea5y\/ nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n \u00edt bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh\u2013l\u1edbn, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m l\u1edbn v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea3i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c; chu tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, d\u00e1n resist, ph\u01a1i UV) c\u1ea7n k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3>2) \u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 (electrochemical marking\/etching)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: D\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0m ho\u00e0 tan kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng stencil. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1, logo tr\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u: 1\u201325 \u00b5m (\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u n\u00f4ng). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111en\/x\u00e1m b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng; \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf\u2013v\u1eeba, m\u00e3 serial, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p hoa v\u0103n s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Kh\u1eafc\/\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u laser tr\u00ean inox<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n: Fiber laser 1064 nm l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. MOPA fiber cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng xung \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7 m\u00e0u\/black marking \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Laser engraving (kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u): B\u00f3c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u pass, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 20\u2013100+ \u00b5m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Laser etching (kh\u1eafc n\u00f4ng): T\u1ea1o nh\u00e1m\/\u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 5\u201325 \u00b5m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Laser annealing (\u1ee7 m\u00e0u): Kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u; nung t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp oxide m\u00e0u \u0111en\/x\u00e1m b\u00e1m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Linh ho\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau hao ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9t cao, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh cho l\u00f4 nh\u1ecf\u2013v\u1eeba, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo l\u00f4 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng (serial, QR).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n theo th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh; kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u pass\/ th\u1eddi gian. T\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-so-sanh-nhanh-chon-cong-nghe-nao\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ea7n hoa v\u0103n s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m l\u1edbn: \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u01a1n\/\u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e0u sau \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u linh ho\u1ea1t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bi\u00ean s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, \u00edt x\u1eed l\u00fd \u01b0\u1edbt: ch\u1ecdn laser. Kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u cho b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc; \u1ee7 m\u00e0u (annealing\/black marking) cho ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n ph\u1eb3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 nhanh tr\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p: ch\u1ecdn \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9:<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t: Laser annealing \u0111\u00fang tham s\u1ed1 + th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (passivation) sau kh\u1eafc theo ASTM A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trung b\u00ecnh\u2013t\u1ed1t: \u0102n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc + r\u1eeda trung ho\u00e0 + passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trung b\u00ecnh: Kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u\/kh\u1eafc n\u00f4ng laser nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng passivation; v\u1eabn b\u1ec1n n\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-lua-chon-theo-vat-lieu-va-be-mat\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304\/316: Cho m\u00e0u \u0111en \u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; 316 kh\u00e1ng bi\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, m\u00e0u \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. 316 \u00edt b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 tr\u00e0m sau kh\u1eafc n\u1ebfu passivation chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 201: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni th\u1ea5p, \u1ee7 m\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1m nh\u1ea1t h\u01a1n; \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u + s\u01a1n\/nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t BA (g\u01b0\u01a1ng), 2B, No.4, HL (hairline), bead-blast: Laser v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t. V\u1edbi HL, \u0111\u1eb7t logo theo\/ch\u00e9o v\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc r\u00f5; \u1ee7 m\u00e0u tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n BA cho \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-thuc-hanh-chuan\">Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<h3>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u\/\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m: r\u1eeda ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9, sau \u0111\u00f3 lau b\u1eb1ng IPA\/acetone; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch theo ASTM A380 tr\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea1m tay tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00f9ng kh\u1eafc\/\u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/h3>\n<p>1) D\u00e1n m\u00e0ng photoresist kh\u00f4 25\u201350 \u00b5m, c\u00e1n \u00e9p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecdt.<br \/>\n2) Ph\u01a1i UV qua film \u00e2m\/d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n; tr\u00e1ng r\u1eeda ki\u1ec1m (Na2CO3) hi\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh.<br \/>\n3) \u0102n m\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng FeCl3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (theo \u0111\u1ed9 Baume c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p), khu\u1ea5y\/tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, 40\u201350\u00b0C. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u theo th\u1eddi gian.<br \/>\n4) R\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc, trung ho\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ion Cl-, b\u00f3c resist.<br \/>\n5) Passivation: theo ASTM A967 (nitric ho\u1eb7c citric) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n6) Tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn: s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e0u epoxy ho\u1eb7c UV sau khi l\u00e0m nh\u00e1m \u0111\u00e1y r\u00e3nh, s\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, khay ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0n, x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00f9n th\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a Fe v\u00e0 Cl- theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1<\/h3>\n<p>1) L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1eb7t stencil (mylar\/v\u1ea3i screen).<br \/>\n2) D\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho inox, \u00e1p DC ho\u1eb7c AC theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e1y (v\u00e0i volt\u2013ch\u1ee5c volt).<br \/>\n3) Ch\u00e0 pad \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c 5\u201320 gi\u00e2y\/v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1edbi khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111en\/\u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u mong mu\u1ed1n.<br \/>\n4) Trung ho\u00e0\/r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ion c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 passivation nhanh b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch citric lo\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc\/\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u laser<\/h3>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<br \/>\n&#8211; Fiber 20\u201360 W cho kh\u1eafc\/\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n; MOPA 60\u2013100 W \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7 m\u00e0u \u0111en \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u1eafc m\u00e0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh F-Theta 110\u00d7110 mm (kh\u1eafc chi ti\u1ebft) ho\u1eb7c 200\u00d7200 mm (m\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn). \u1ed0ng h\u00fat kh\u00f3i, ch\u1ee5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, g\u00e1 ph\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tham s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (tham kh\u1ea3o, c\u1ea7n tinh ch\u1ec9nh theo m\u00e1y):<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u 304\/316 (fiber Q-switched): Power 60\u2013100% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t danh \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ed1c 200\u2013600 mm\/s, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 30\u201360 kHz, hatch 0,02\u20130,06 mm, 5\u201320 pass, th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1eafc n\u00f4ng\/t\u1ea1o nh\u00e1m: Power 20\u201350%, t\u1ed1c 600\u20131500 mm\/s, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 50\u2013100 kHz, 1\u20133 pass.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee6 m\u00e0u \u0111en (MOPA): xung ng\u1eafn\u2013trung b\u00ecnh, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao (200\u2013500 kHz), c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh, t\u1ed1c 200\u2013600 mm\/s, slight defocus 0,1\u20130,3 mm; m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nung t\u1ea1o oxide m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Th\u1eed tr\u00ean scrap \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u00e0u \u0111en s\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng loang.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1eafc m\u00e3 2D\/QR: \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u1eafc n\u00f4ng 2\u201310 \u00b5m, hatch ch\u00e9o, t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 camera \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>Sau kh\u1eafc:<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch mu\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng IPA v\u00e0 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3i; kh\u00f4ng c\u1ecd m\u00e0i v\u1edbi \u1ee7 m\u00e0u (tr\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc oxide).<br \/>\n&#8211; Passivation: ng\u00e2m citric 4\u201310% \u1edf 20\u201360\u00b0C trong 20\u201330 ph\u00fat ho\u1eb7c nitric theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c trong ASTM A967; r\u1eeda DI v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-thiet-ke-file-va-meo-do-sac-net\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf file v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y n\u00e9t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u: 0,2 mm (\u0103n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc) v\u00e0 0,1 mm (laser). V\u1edbi ch\u1eef r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ecdn font sans, n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u; tr\u00e1nh serif m\u1ea3nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Raster vs vector: Laser kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef\/logo n\u00ean d\u00f9ng vector \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u00ean s\u1eafc; \u1ea3nh x\u00e1m c\u1ea7n dither \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00f9 \u0103n m\u00f2n (etch compensation): \u0110\u1ed3 \u00e1n \u00e2m\/d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n b\u00f9 0,05\u20130,1 mm cho m\u00e9p b\u1ecb undercut trong \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u00e3nh s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e2n: V\u1edbi t\u1ea5m hairline, \u0111\u1eb7t hatch kh\u1eafc vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-anh-huong-den-chong-an-mon-va-xu-ly-sau-gia-cong\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau gia c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1edbi; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: passivation theo ASTM A967 sau gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp Cr2O3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee6 m\u00e0u (annealing) \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gi\u1eef ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t; tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u201cheat tint\u201d qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) b\u1eb1ng pickling\/passivation theo ASTM A380\/A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (bi\u1ec3n, ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t): \u01b0u ti\u00ean inox 316, tr\u00e1nh b\u1eaby n\u01b0\u1edbc trong r\u00e3nh s\u00e2u; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 clear-coat m\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5 epoxy \u0111en trong r\u00e3nh sau \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-kiem-soat-chat-luong-va-thu-nghiem\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u: d\u00f9ng profilometer kim\/optical; m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 10\u201350 \u00b5m cho \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, 50\u2013200 \u00b5m cho hoa v\u0103n ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n: ki\u1ec3m tra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n; v\u1edbi QR\/Datamatrix, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e3 (grading).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: th\u1eed phun mu\u1ed1i theo ASTM B117 khi c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn; quan s\u00e1t r\u1ec9 tr\u00e0m t\u1ea1i m\u00e9p kh\u1eafc.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1m d\u00ednh s\u01a1n\/epoxy \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e0u: test b\u0103ng d\u00ednh cross-hatch.<br \/>\n&#8211; An to\u00e0n: h\u00fat kh\u00f3i laser \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eaft 1064 nm; v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, trang b\u1ecb PPE \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng HF n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t (HF c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 qua da \u2013 theo NIOSH).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-khac-phuc\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e0u \u0111en laser nh\u1ea1t\/x\u00e1m: gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c, t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i xung (MOPA), defocus nh\u1eb9; \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e9p r\u0103ng c\u01b0a khi \u0103n m\u00f2n: mask k\u00e9m b\u00e1m; t\u0103ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00e1n resist, t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian ph\u01a1i UV\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y resist.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ec9 n\u00e2u sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n: ch\u01b0a passivation ho\u1eb7c r\u1eeda clo ch\u01b0a k\u1ef9; \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh passivation citric\/nitric, r\u1eeda DI, s\u1ea5y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u n\u1ec1n khi kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u: c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t\/\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ed3ng pass qu\u00e1 cao; gi\u1ea3m hatch overlap, t\u0103ng th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed, chia pass m\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; QR \u0111\u1ecdc k\u00e9m: thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c bavia; ch\u1ecdn \u1ee7 m\u00e0u \u0111en tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng, t\u0103ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 hatch v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc module.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-ung-dung-dien-hinh-va-goi-y-ky-thuat\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Bi\u1ec3n t\u00ean m\u00e1y, tem c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: laser \u1ee7 m\u00e0u \u0111en tr\u00ean 304\/316; ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n 50\u2013100 \u00b5m + s\u01a1n \u0111en.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, thang m\u00e1y: \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u00f4ng 10\u201330 \u00b5m theo h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft l\u1eb7p + \u0111\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc HL; ch\u1ecdn 304\/316 t\u00f9y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, khu\u00f4n, dao: \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 nhanh v\u1edbi stencil; v\u1edbi logo v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, kh\u1eafc laser s\u00e2u 30\u201380 \u00b5m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u1ee7 m\u00e0u laser (kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o h\u1ed1c b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n) + passivation citric.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-thong-so-khoi-diem-khuyen-nghi-de-thu-nghiem\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb (\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304, kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u: 30 W fiber, F-160; 80% power, 400 mm\/s, 40 kHz, hatch 0,03 mm, 10\u201315 pass, kh\u00ed th\u1ed5i.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316, \u1ee7 m\u00e0u \u0111en (MOPA \u226560 W): 40% power, 300 mm\/s, 300 kHz, pulse width trung b\u00ecnh, defocus +0,2 mm, 2\u20133 l\u1edbp hatch ch\u00e9o.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n FeCl3: n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p (\u0111\u1ed9 Baume c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p), 45\u00b0C, khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u; ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed7i 30\u201360 s cho r\u00e3nh n\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: M\u00e1y kh\u00e1c nhau cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau; lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m panel test tr\u00ean ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng m\u00e1c inox v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-case-study-ngan\">Case study ng\u1eafn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Bi\u1ec3n logo thang m\u00e1y 304 HL: Laser MOPA \u1ee7 m\u00e0u, tr\u01b0\u1eddng 200\u00d7200, defocus +0,2 mm, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 300 kHz. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: \u0111en s\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng bavia, kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e2n HL; sau \u0111\u00f3 passivation citric 6%\/25 ph\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ec9 tr\u00e0m sau 240 gi\u1edd phun mu\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tem m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 316 BA: \u0102n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 80 \u00b5m b\u1eb1ng FeCl3, \u0111\u1ed5 epoxy \u0111en 2K. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n cao, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n; ki\u1ec3m tra b\u00e1m d\u00ednh cross-hatch \u0111\u1ea1t 5B.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A967\/A967M \u2013 Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts. https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0967_a0967m-17.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A380M \u2013 Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts. https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0380_a0380m-17.html<br \/>\n&#8211; IPG Photonics \u2013 Application Notes: Laser Marking on Stainless Steel (fiber\/MOPA). https:\/\/www.ipgphotonics.com<br \/>\n&#8211; TRUMPF \u2013 Laser marking of metals: process, parameters, black marking. https:\/\/www.trumpf.com<br \/>\n&#8211; Trotec Laser \u2013 Guide to laser marking and annealing on stainless steel. https:\/\/www.troteclaser.com<br \/>\n&#8211; NIOSH \u2013 Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) safety information. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<br \/>\n\u0102n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc\/\u1ee7 m\u00e0u laser \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang khi t\u1ea1o hoa v\u0103n, logo tr\u00ean inox. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n m\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn, r\u00e3nh s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e0u. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n linh ho\u1ea1t, s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, \u00edt x\u1eed l\u00fd \u01b0\u1edbt, ch\u1ecdn laser: kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u cho \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f2n \u1ee7 m\u00e0u \u0111en cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u tham s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 passivation sau gia c\u00f4ng theo ASTM A967 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt t\u01b0\/t\u1ea5m inox 201\/304\/316, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u1eafc\/\u0103n m\u00f2n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u00f3a\/\u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc, \u1ee7 m\u00e0u laser tr\u00ean inox; quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, x\u1eed l\u00fd sau gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1042,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1422","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1422","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1422"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1422\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1422"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1422"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}