{"id":1424,"date":"2025-12-13T12:34:18","date_gmt":"2025-12-13T05:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi\/"},"modified":"2025-12-13T12:34:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T05:34:18","slug":"thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-dong-hoa-be-mat-inox-co-che-quy-trinh-va-loi-ich-chong-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-thu-dong-hoa-inox-la-gi-co-che-khoa-hoc\">Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-vi-sao-thu-dong-hoa-lam-inox-kho-gi-hon\">V\u00ec sao th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0m inox \u201ckh\u00f3 g\u1ec9\u201d h\u01a1n?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-khi-nao-can-thu-dong-hoa\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-phan-biet-lam-sach-tay-gi-pickling-thu-dong-hoa-di\">Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 (pickling) \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-cac-phuong-phap-thu-dong-hoa-pho-bien\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-quy-trinh-chuan-tung-buoc-goi-y-thuc-hanh\">Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc (g\u1ee3i \u00fd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-luu-y-theo-mac-thep-va-moi-truong\">L\u01b0u \u00fd theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-nhung-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-kiem-chung-hieu-qua-cach-thu-va-tieu-chi-dat\">Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: c\u00e1ch th\u1eed v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-chi-phi-loi-ich\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-an-toan-moi-truong\">An to\u00e0n \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc\/\u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u1edbp oxit crom t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Cr2O3) tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Trong \u201cngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox\u201d b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u1ec9 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-thu-dong-hoa-inox-la-gi-co-che-khoa-hoc\">Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox (\u226510,5% Cr) t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng oxit crom r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng (kho\u1ea3ng 1\u20133 nm) khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi oxy. M\u00e0ng n\u00e0y b\u1ec1n, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb x\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9, ng\u0103n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trong ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o (h\u00e0n, m\u00e0i, gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p carbon, nhi\u1ec5m d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do, sulfide, v\u1ea3y oxit h\u00e0n\u2026 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 Cr\/Fe tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, g\u00e2y g\u1ec9 n\u00e2u (tea-staining) v\u00e0 pitting.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 axit nitric ho\u1eb7c axit citric; ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1) \u0111\u1ec3:<br \/>\n  + H\u00f2a tan s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n  + T\u0103ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 Cr\/Fe ngay l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, d\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-vi-sao-thu-dong-hoa-lam-inox-kho-gi-hon\">V\u00ec sao th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0m inox \u201ckh\u00f3 g\u1ec9\u201d h\u01a1n?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do: S\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 m\u1ed3i cho \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9; khi b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan, nguy c\u01a1 g\u1ec9 n\u00e2u gi\u1ea3m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: T\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 crom v\u00e0 molypden \u1edf v\u00e0i nanomet \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng th\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ef1 do (Ecorr), c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng pitting\/chloride.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o: H\u00e0n, m\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u201cloang\u201d v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng loang m\u00e0u, \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec7 sinh ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea1ch: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inert h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u00edt b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n, d\u1ec5 CIP\/SIP trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-khi-nao-can-thu-dong-hoa\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t): c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 (pickling) lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ea3y oxit tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1, phun bi, m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1eebng d\u00f9ng cho th\u00e9p carbon.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau kh\u1eafc\/kh\u00eda, l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p, ho\u1eb7c khi th\u1ea5y \u1ed1 g\u1ec9\/tea-staining g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh cao (F&#038;B, d\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e1n d\u1eabn).<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf pickling. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea3y oxit d\u00e0y do h\u00e0n\/nhi\u1ec7t. Lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 \u2013 r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-phan-biet-lam-sach-tay-gi-pickling-thu-dong-hoa-di\">Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u2013 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 (pickling) \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch: T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, b\u1ee5i, s\u01a1n, b\u1ed9t m\u00e0i; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 (pickling): Dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a HF + HNO3 ho\u1eb7c gel chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan v\u1ea3y oxit h\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb gi\u00e0u s\u1eaft. R\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m (HF), c\u1ea7n PPE nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a: Dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 ho\u1eb7c C6H8O7 (axit citric) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp m\u00e0ng Cr2O3. \u00cdt t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00fang.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 (electropolishing): H\u00f2a tan c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec9nh vi nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 trong \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n axit, t\u1ea1o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb5n, gi\u00e0u crom, ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i; ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM B912.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-cac-phuong-phap-thu-dong-hoa-pho-bien\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<h3>Axit nitric (HNO3)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do m\u1ea1nh; x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t m\u00e1c d\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec5m sulfide nh\u01b0 303; quy tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a r\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: An to\u00e0n \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t; h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u0169 d\u00f9ng Na2Cr2O7 (Cr6+) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tham s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (tham kh\u1ea3o ASTM A967\/A380): 20\u201325% HNO3, 21\u201350\u00b0C, 20\u201330 ph\u00fat; tr\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc DI k\u1ef9 sau x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>Axit citric (C6H8O7)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: An to\u00e0n, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng Cr6+; hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea1ch\/t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p F&#038;B, d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc; v\u1edbi 303 gi\u00e0u sulfide c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian\/chelant b\u1ed5 sung.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tham s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (ASTM A967 \u2013 Citric): 4\u201310% dung d\u1ecbch citric, 25\u201360\u00b0C, 10\u201330 ph\u00fat; tr\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc DI.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1 (electropolishing, ASTM B912)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea1o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t si\u00eau nh\u1eb5n (Ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <0,2 \u03bcm), t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cr b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ed1ng tea-staining \u1edf v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n.\n- Chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ROI t\u1ed1t cho linh ki\u1ec7n cao c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-quy-trinh-chuan-tung-buoc-goi-y-thuc-hanh\">Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc (g\u1ee3i \u00fd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh)<\/h2>\n<p>1) Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 che ch\u1eafn:<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c th\u00e9p (304\/304L, 316\/316L, 201, 303, duplex\u2026), tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (h\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc, BA, 2B\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; Che ch\u1eafn gio\u0103ng, nh\u1ef1a, k\u00ednh, khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>2) T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u\/m\u1ee1:<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u trung t\u00ednh; ch\u00e0 nylon; tr\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc DI; ki\u1ec3m tra \u201cwater-break-free\u201d (m\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch gi\u1ecdt).<\/p>\n<p>3) T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/pickling n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ea3y h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1 m\u00e0u:<br \/>\n&#8211; Gel pickling HF+HNO3 cho v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n, theo HDSD c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c; trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ng k\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; An to\u00e0n HF b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c: g\u0103ng butyl\/neoprene, k\u00ednh, m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1; chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gel calcium gluconate 2,5% cho s\u01a1 c\u1ee9u da.<\/p>\n<p>4) Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn HNO3 (hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ea1nh) ho\u1eb7c Citric (an to\u00e0n, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n). D\u00f9ng b\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m, phun tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, ho\u1eb7c gel t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn\/\u00edt di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham kh\u1ea3o:<br \/>\n  + HNO3 20\u201325% \u1edf 25\u201345\u00b0C, 20\u201330 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n  + Citric 4\u201310% \u1edf 25\u201360\u00b0C, 10\u201330 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khu\u1ea5y nh\u1eb9\/tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>5) Tr\u00e1ng \u2013 trung h\u00f2a \u2013 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4:<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc DI nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc cho \u0111\u1ebfn pH trung t\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi nitric, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc trung h\u00f2a ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 (0,5\u20131% Na2CO3) r\u1ed3i tr\u00e1ng DI.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch\/kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea7u; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p>6) Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra water-break-free (b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u1ec1u).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed CuSO4 (ASTM A967) ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eafng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao\/n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong A967\/A380 khi c\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, d\u00f9ng Ferroxyl test (ASTM A380) ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch XPS\/Auger.<\/p>\n<p>7) Ghi nh\u1eadn \u2013 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd, lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi gian, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 test.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i th\u00e9p carbon; b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4, th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-luu-y-theo-mac-thep-va-moi-truong\">L\u01b0u \u00fd theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L: Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng citric th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7; ven bi\u1ec3n n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc electropolishing ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n 316L cho chloride cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L: C\u00f3 Mo, ch\u1ed1ng pitting t\u1ed1t; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. V\u1eabn c\u1ea7n v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni th\u1ea5p, nh\u1ea1y g\u1ec9 h\u01a1n; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u00fap nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 303 (d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng): Nhi\u1ec1u sulfide Mn; \u01b0u ti\u00ean HNO3 ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh citric t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00f3 chelant \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i sulfide.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic\/PH (410, 420, 17-4PH): D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb kh\u1eafc m\u1edd v\u1edbi acid m\u1ea1nh; d\u00f9ng citric ho\u1eb7c nitric lo\u00e3ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex: Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch v\u1ea3y h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-nhung-loi-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i\/th\u00e9p m\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e0 th\u00e9p carbon: mang s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do l\u00ean inox. D\u00f9ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i inox ri\u00eang, s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a: v\u1ea3y h\u00e0n c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean, acid th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft mu\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng, \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t \u0103n m\u00f2n. \u01afu ti\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc DI v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ed3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u1edf khe k\u00edn kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda k\u1ef9: g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n khe sau n\u00e0y. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t, tr\u00e1ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4 nhanh: ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian. Che ch\u1eafn, gi\u1eef \u1ea9m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-kiem-chung-hieu-qua-cach-thu-va-tieu-chi-dat\">Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3: c\u00e1ch th\u1eed v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Water-break-free: M\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng \u201cv\u1ee1 gi\u1ecdt\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed CuSO4 (ASTM A967): Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eafng sau th\u1eddi gian quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i (theo l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong A967) cho \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 so s\u00e1nh l\u00f4\/lo\u1ea1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n (EIS\/ECorr) ho\u1eb7c XPS\/Auger v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u R&#038;D\/QA n\u00e2ng cao.<br \/>\nTi\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed1 m\u00e0u sau ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng; h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-chi-phi-loi-ich\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh, d\u1eebng m\u00e1y, thay th\u1ebf do g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ede c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ven bi\u1ec3n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh (pickling + th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a + v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3) gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m r\u00f5 tea-staining tr\u00ean 304; t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316L\/electropolishing cho ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-an-toan-moi-truong\">An to\u00e0n \u2013 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Trang b\u1ecb PPE \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (g\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, k\u00ednh, m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1, t\u1ea1p d\u1ec1), th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t, b\u1ed3n poly\/FRP ch\u1ecbu acid.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 Cr6+; \u01b0u ti\u00ean citric ho\u1eb7c nitric kh\u00f4ng dichromate; x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i trung h\u00f2a pH, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; HF ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho pickling v\u1ea3y h\u00e0n, do chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp g\u00ec l\u00ean inox kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u m\u00e0ng oxit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nano.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bao l\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i? Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0ng sau s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u00e0n, m\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u \u1ed1, n\u00ean v\u1ec7 sinh, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p? Kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn 201 th\u00e0nh 316. Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ck\u00edch ho\u1ea1t\u201d kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a inox: lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do, t\u0103ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 Cr\/Fe b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0ng Cr2O3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m g\u1ec9 n\u00e2u v\u00e0 pitting r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 \u2013 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 v\u1ea3y h\u00e0n \u2013 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (nitric\/citric\/\u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1) \u2013 tr\u00e1ng DI \u2013 ki\u1ec3m tra theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. L\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb inox b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb9p, an to\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n quy tr\u00ecnh, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o:<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A967\/A967M \u2013 Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A380M \u2013 Standard Guide for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM B912 \u2013 Passivation of Stainless Steels Using Electropolishing.<br \/>\n&#8211; SAE AMS 2700 \u2013 Passivation of Corrosion Resistant Steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Fabrication of Stainless Steels\/Guidelines on Cleaning and Passivation (nickelinstitute.org).<br \/>\n&#8211; SSINA \u2013 Passivation of Stainless Steel (ssina.org).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a inox, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp oxit Cr2O3, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p (axit nitric\/citric, \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e1), ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A967\/ASTM A380 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1424"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1424\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}