{"id":1434,"date":"2025-12-16T00:34:44","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T17:34:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tieu-chuan-astm-cho-thep-khong-gi-ma-ky-hieu-yeu-cau-ung-dung\/"},"modified":"2025-12-16T00:34:44","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T17:34:44","slug":"tieu-chuan-astm-cho-thep-khong-gi-ma-ky-hieu-yeu-cau-ung-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tieu-chuan-astm-cho-thep-khong-gi-ma-ky-hieu-yeu-cau-ung-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: m\u00e3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-astm-la-gi-va-vi-sao-quan-trong-voi-inox\">ASTM l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi inox?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-nhung-tieu-chuan-astm-cot-loi-cho-thep-khong-gi\">Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-co-tinh-dien-hinh-theo-astm\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh theo ASTM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-cach-doc-ky-hieu-vat-lieu-theo-astm\">C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo ASTM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-doi-chieu-nhanh-astm-jis-en-tham-khao\">\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nhanh ASTM \u2013 JIS \u2013 EN (tham kh\u1ea3o)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-chon-tieu-chuan-dung-theo-ung-dung\">Ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00fang theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-kiem-tra-cocq-va-mtc-theo-astm\">Ki\u1ec3m tra CO\/CQ v\u00e0 MTC theo ASTM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-loi-thuong-gap-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam-va-cach-tra\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-faq-ngan\">FAQ ng\u1eafn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng inox, ASTM c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 khung k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: c\u00e1c m\u00e3 quan tr\u1ecdng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u2013 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi JIS\/EN, ki\u1ec3m tra CO\/CQ \u2013 MTC v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-astm-la-gi-va-vi-sao-quan-trong-voi-inox\">ASTM l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi inox?<\/h2>\n<p>ASTM International (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 American Society for Testing and Materials) l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, bao ph\u1ee7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed. V\u1edbi inox, ASTM quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u theo t\u1eebng m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, sai l\u1ec7ch k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 l\u00fd, \u0103n m\u00f2n, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng, ghi nh\u00e3n \u2013 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (MTC) \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m tra tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng \u201cASTM Axxx\/AxxxM\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eadu t\u1ed1 M l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u1ec7 SI. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: A240\/A240M (t\u1ea5m \u2013 d\u1ea3i \u2013 cu\u1ed9n), A312\/A312M (\u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-nhung-tieu-chuan-astm-cot-loi-cho-thep-khong-gi\">Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h2>\n<h3>T\u1ea5m, d\u1ea3i, cu\u1ed9n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M: T\u1ea5m, d\u1ea3i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n inox cho b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chung (Cr, Cr-Ni). \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho 304\/304L, 316\/316L, 321, 347, 904L, duplex 2205\u2026<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A480\/A480M: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1eb9t (\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, dung sai, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t No.1, 2B, BA, HL, No.4\u2026); \u0111i k\u00e8m A240.<\/p>\n<h3>Thanh tr\u00f2n, thanh h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A276: Thanh tr\u00f2n, vu\u00f4ng, l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c, thanh d\u1eb9t b\u1eb1ng inox cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng trong n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A479\/A479M: Thanh, thanh h\u00ecnh inox d\u00f9ng cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ed0ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A312\/A312M: \u1ed0ng inox li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (TP304\/L, TP316\/L, TP321, TP347\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A358: \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A269: \u1ed0ng inox li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch\/h\u00e0n cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung (dung sai ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi A312 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A213\/A213M: \u1ed0ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i\/trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (austenitic, ferritic).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A249\/A249M: \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n cho n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i\/trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A270: \u1ed0ng v\u1ec7 sinh cho ng\u00e0nh s\u1eefa \u2013 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 d\u01b0\u1ee3c (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A554: \u1ed0ng inox h\u00e0n cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u2013 trang tr\u00ed (lan can, n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t), kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u1eb7t b\u00edch, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A182\/A182M: R\u00e8n (forgings) inox cho m\u1eb7t b\u00edch, chi ti\u1ebft d\u1ea1ng r\u00e8n.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A403\/A403M: Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n inox (elbow, tee, reducer) cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 l\u00fd \u2013 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u2013 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A370: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed c\u01a1 t\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i (k\u00e9o, u\u1ed1n, va \u0111\u1eadp).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM E112: C\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh\/\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A262: Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t cho th\u00e9p austenitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A923: Th\u1eed cho th\u00e9p duplex (x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh pha sigma\/\u0103n m\u00f2n).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM G48: Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7\/\u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch FeCl3.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM E1476\/E415: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng quang ph\u1ed5\/PPM (tham chi\u1ebfu; nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng).<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p cho t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m; c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 304) nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m (A240) v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c (A312).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-co-tinh-dien-hinh-theo-astm\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh theo ASTM<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; xem phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y\/k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 304 (UNS S30400, A240\/A312):<br \/>\n  + H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: C \u2264 0.08%; Cr 18.0\u201320.0%; Ni 8.0\u201310.5%.<br \/>\n  + C\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng): \u03c3b \u2265 515 MPa; \u03c30.2 \u2265 205 MPa; \u03b4 \u2265 40%.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L (UNS S30403):<br \/>\n  + C \u2264 0.03%; Cr 18.0\u201320.0%; Ni 8.0\u201312.0%.<br \/>\n  + C\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u: \u03c3b \u2265 485 MPa; \u03c30.2 \u2265 170 MPa; \u03b4 \u2265 40%.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316 (UNS S31600):<br \/>\n  + C \u2264 0.08%; Cr 16.0\u201318.0%; Ni 10.0\u201314.0%; Mo 2.0\u20133.0%.<br \/>\n  + C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: \u03c3b \u2265 515 MPa; \u03c30.2 \u2265 205 MPa; \u03b4 \u2265 40%.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L (UNS S31603):<br \/>\n  + C \u2264 0.03%; Cr 16.0\u201318.0%; Ni 10.0\u201314.0%; Mo 2.0\u20133.0%.<br \/>\n  + C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: \u03c3b \u2265 485 MPa; \u03c30.2 \u2265 170 MPa; \u03b4 \u2265 40%.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201 (UNS S20100, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong A240\/A554):<br \/>\n  + C \u2264 0.15%; Mn 5.5\u20137.5%; Cr 16.0\u201318.0%; Ni 3.5\u20135.5%; N \u2264 0.25%.<br \/>\n  + C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: \u03c3b kho\u1ea3ng \u2265 520 MPa; \u03c30.2 \u2265 275 MPa (t\u00f9y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m).<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (UNS S43000, ferritic, A240\/A554):<br \/>\n  + C \u2264 0.12%; Cr 16.0\u201318.0%; Ni \u2248 0%.<br \/>\n  + C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: \u03c3b \u2265 450 MPa; \u03c30.2 \u2265 205 MPa.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 (UNS S32205\/S31803, A240\/A790\/A928):<br \/>\n  + C \u2264 0.03%; Cr 22.0\u201323.0%; Ni 4.5\u20136.5%; Mo 3.0\u20133.5%; N 0.14\u20130.20%.<br \/>\n  + C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: \u03c3b \u2265 620 MPa; \u03c30.2 \u2265 450 MPa; \u03b4 \u2265 25%.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cL\u201d l\u00e0 low carbon, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n, kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua so v\u1edbi 304\/316.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-cach-doc-ky-hieu-vat-lieu-theo-astm\">C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo ASTM<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/coil: ASTM A240 Type 304L, 2B, 1.5 mm \u00d7 1219 mm \u00d7 Coil, theo A480. Trong \u0111\u00f3:<br \/>\n  + A240: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n  + Type 304L: m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n  + 2B\/BA\/No.1\/HL: ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo A480.<br \/>\n  + K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dung sai theo A480.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c: ASTM A312 TP316L, Seamless (SMLS), 1\u201d \u00d7 SCH 40S, ASME B36.19.<br \/>\n  + A312: \u1ed1ng inox cho \u0103n m\u00f2n\/nhi\u1ec7t cao.<br \/>\n  + TP316L: m\u00e1c 316L cho \u1ed1ng.<br \/>\n  + Seamless\/Welded: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n  + Schedule 40S: \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y danh ngh\u0129a theo B36.19M.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng trang tr\u00ed: ASTM A554 Grade 201, Welded, OD 38.1 \u00d7 t 1.2 mm, Finish 600 grit.<br \/>\n  + A554: \u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/trang tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb9o: lu\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ghi r\u00f5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, m\u00e1c\/UNS, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (SMLS\/Welded), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, dung sai v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (n\u0103m).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-doi-chieu-nhanh-astm-jis-en-tham-khao\">\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nhanh ASTM \u2013 JIS \u2013 EN (tham kh\u1ea3o)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 \u2248 JIS SUS304 \u2248 EN 1.4301 (X5CrNi18-10).<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L \u2248 SUS304L \u2248 EN 1.4307 (X2CrNi18-9).<br \/>\n&#8211; 316 \u2248 SUS316 \u2248 EN 1.4401 (X5CrNiMo17-12-2).<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L \u2248 SUS316L \u2248 EN 1.4404 (X2CrNiMo17-12-2).<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 \u2248 SUS430 \u2248 EN 1.4016 (X6Cr17).<br \/>\n&#8211; 201 \u2248 SUS201 \u2248 EN 1.4372.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 \u2248 SUS329J3L \u2248 EN 1.4462 (X2CrNiMoN22-5-3).<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (tolerances, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m) kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-chon-tieu-chuan-dung-theo-ung-dung\">Ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00fang theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc: A312 (\u1ed1ng), A403 (ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n), A182 (m\u1eb7t b\u00edch), m\u00e1c 316L ho\u1eb7c 304L t\u00f9y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; xem th\u00eam A270 cho h\u1ec7 CIP\/SIP th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t\/n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i: A213 (seamless), A249 (welded), v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 304\/316\/duplex ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c clorua v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, tr\u1ee5c, g\u00e1 k\u1eb9p: A276\/A479 cho thanh; ch\u1ecdn 304\/316 ho\u1eb7c 410\/420 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n t\u00f4i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lan can \u2013 n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t: A554 (\u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed), m\u00e1c 201\/304\/316; v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316\/duplex \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3: A240 + A480, ch\u1ecdn 304L\/316L; v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/Cl- cao c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 2205.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh cao (F&#038;B, d\u01b0\u1ee3c): A270 (sanitary), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t BA\/\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Ra; quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n \u2013 passivation.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-kiem-tra-cocq-va-mtc-theo-astm\">Ki\u1ec3m tra CO\/CQ v\u00e0 MTC theo ASTM<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; CO (Certificate of Origin): ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9.<br \/>\n&#8211; CQ\/MTC (Mill Test Certificate): ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (ASTM A240, A312\u2026). N\u1ed9i dung MTC c\u1ea7n c\u00f3:<br \/>\n  + T\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ASTM A240\/A240M-23).<br \/>\n  + M\u00e1c\/UNS (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Type 316L, UNS S31603).<br \/>\n  + S\u1ed1 m\u1ebb n\u1ea5u (Heat No.), s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9n\/\u1ed1ng, l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n  + Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (C, Mn, P, S, Si, Cr, Ni, Mo, N\u2026).<br \/>\n  + T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (tensile, yield, elongation), \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n  + K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed b\u1ed5 sung (A262, G48, PMI) n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n  + K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 NDT (EDW\/RT\/UT) cho \u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<br \/>\n  + Ch\u1eef k\u00fd, d\u1ea5u x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; truy v\u1ebft theo Heat No.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c minh nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu m\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau tr\u00ean MTC v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra Heat No. c\u00f3 in\/kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng MTC.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh PMI (quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ea7m tay) th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Cr\/Ni\/Mo, \u0111o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y, th\u1eed magnet (ch\u1ec9 tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1edbi austenitic).<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u201cASTM A312 TPxxx\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i A554.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-loi-thuong-gap-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam-va-cach-tra\">L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m AISI v\u1edbi ASTM: AISI l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u00e1c (304, 316\u2026), ASTM l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Lu\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201cASTM Axxx Type yyy\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1n 201 gi\u1ea3 304: d\u00f9ng PMI v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra Ni (201 ~ 3.5\u20135.5% Ni, 304 ~ 8\u201310.5% Ni).<br \/>\n&#8211; G\u1ecdi \u201c304 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\/304 Trung Qu\u1ed1c\/304 Nh\u1eadt\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ASTM A240, A312\u2026 v\u00e0 MTC.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng A554 (\u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed) cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c: kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng A312\/A269\/A270.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sai dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu A480 cho t\u1ea5m; A269\/A270 cho \u1ed1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\/thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-faq-ngan\">FAQ ng\u1eafn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM v\u00e0 ASME kh\u00e1c g\u00ec? ASTM quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\/ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed; ASME d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u SA-xxx) trong c\u00e1c code thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; TP304 kh\u00e1c 304? \u201cTP\u201d l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 cho \u1ed1ng (Tube\/Pipe) trong A312; v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 304 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho \u1ed1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n 304? Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ch\u00fat (th\u01b0\u1eddng) nh\u01b0ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u00e0n \u2013 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B, BA, No.1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n theo A480: No.1 (c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng t\u1ea9y), 2B (c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i t\u1ea9y \u2013 c\u00e1n da), BA (\u1ee7 s\u00e1ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng), HL\/No.4 (hairline\/\u0111\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc trang tr\u00ed).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M \u2013 Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0240_a0240m-23.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A480\/A480M \u2013 General Requirements for Flat-Rolled SS: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0480_a0480m-23.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A276 \u2013 Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0276-17.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A479\/A479M \u2013 SS Bars for Pressure Vessels: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0479_a0479m-20.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A312\/A312M \u2013 Austenitic SS Pipe: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0312_a0312m-22.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A269 \u2013 SS Tubing for General Service: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0269-20.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A270 \u2013 Sanitary Tubing: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0270-21.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A249 \u2013 Welded Boiler\/Heat-Exchanger Tubes: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0249-16.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A554 \u2013 Mechanical\/Ornamental Tubing: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0554-21.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A182 \u2013 Forged\/Fittings Flanges: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0182_a0182m-20.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A403 \u2013 WP Stainless Steel Fittings: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0403_a0403m-21.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A262 \u2013 Intergranular Corrosion Testing: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0262-15.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A923 \u2013 Tests for Duplex Stainless Steels: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/a0923-14r22.html<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM G48 \u2013 Pitting\/Crevice Corrosion Test: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/g0048-11r20.html<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 mua, ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng inox \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c m\u00e3 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu (A240\/A480 cho t\u1ea5m; A276\/A479 cho thanh; A312\/A269\/A270\/A554 cho \u1ed1ng), hi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u2013 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a 304\/316\/201\/430\/duplex, \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u TP304\/316L, c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra CQ\/MTC theo Heat No. s\u1ebd gi\u00fap anh em k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u, x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed. Khi c\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi JIS\/EN, h\u00e3y coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tham kh\u1ea3o, lu\u00f4n b\u00e1m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 inox theo ASTM cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM cho inox: m\u00e3 A240, A276, A312, A554; c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc TP304\/316L; \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu JIS\/EN; ki\u1ec3m tra CQ\/MTC v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1036,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1434","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1434"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1434\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}