{"id":1458,"date":"2025-12-22T00:34:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-21T17:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-nao-dung-khi-nao-sai-huong-dan-chuan-cho-201-304-316-430\/"},"modified":"2025-12-22T00:34:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-21T17:34:03","slug":"thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-nao-dung-khi-nao-sai-huong-dan-chuan-cho-201-304-316-430","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thu-nam-cham-phan-biet-inox-khi-nao-dung-khi-nao-sai-huong-dan-chuan-cho-201-304-316-430\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox: Khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang, khi n\u00e0o sai? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chu\u1ea9n cho 201\/304\/316\/430"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-nguyen-ly-vi-sao-co-inox-hut-nam-cham-co-inox-khon\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 inox h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m, c\u00f3 inox kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-khi-nao-thu-nam-cham-cho-ket-qua-dung\">Khi n\u00e0o th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-khi-nao-thu-nam-cham-co-the-sai-hoac-gay-hieu-nham\">Khi n\u00e0o th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-huong-dan-thu-nam-cham-dung-cach-tai-xuong\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-tinh-tu-cua-cac-mac-inox-pho-bien-ta\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-cac-phuong-phap-kiem-dinh-thay-the-hoac-bo-tro\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-quy-trinh-khuyen-nghi-kiem-tra-tai-cong-trinhxuong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\/x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-cac-hieu-lam-pho-bien-can-tranh\">C\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-tinh-huong-thuc-te-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam\">T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox l\u00e0 m\u1eb9o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u201cn\u00f3i h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d v\u1ec1 m\u00e1c inox. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m inox, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 khi n\u00e0o ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin, khi n\u00e0o d\u1ec5 sai l\u1ec7ch; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh thay th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng inox tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-nguyen-ly-vi-sao-co-inox-hut-nam-cham-co-inox-khon\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 inox h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m, c\u00f3 inox kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (Cr2O3) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a inox, c\u00f2n t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00f3m austenitic (series 200\/300: 201, 304, 316): \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m). Tuy nhi\u00ean, gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh (c\u00e1n, d\u1eadp, k\u00e9o) ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o martensite c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eeba.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00f3m ferritic (series 400: 430, 439, 441): c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00f3m martensitic (410, 420, 440): c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m dao, tr\u1ee5c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00f3m duplex (2205, 2304): hai pha austenit\u2013ferrit, c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh d\u00f9 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00f3m k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a b\u1ec1n (17-4PH\/630): c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201cinox t\u1ed1t\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201cinox k\u00e9m\u201d. T\u1eeb t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-khi-nao-thu-nam-cham-cho-ket-qua-dung\">Khi n\u00e0o th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang?<\/h2>\n<h3>1) S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh 3xx (austenitic) v\u1edbi 4xx (ferritic\/martensitic)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: nh\u1eadn coil\/t\u1ea5m\/th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a gia c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u00edt gia c\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng: 304\/316 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat; 430\/410 h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1eabn m\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3>2) Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 thay th\u1ebf r\u1ebb h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u00e0ng 304 b\u1ecb tr\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng 430 (kh\u00f4ng Ni): nam ch\u00e2m s\u1ebd b\u00e1m ch\u1eafc. L\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eebng nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m PMI.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ferrit cao<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Duplex\/441\/439: nam ch\u00e2m b\u00e1m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. H\u1eefu \u00edch khi ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, b\u1ed3n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c duplex, t\u1ea5m ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-khi-nao-thu-nam-cham-co-the-sai-hoac-gay-hieu-nham\">Khi n\u00e0o th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m?<\/h2>\n<h3>1) 304\/316 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201ch\u00fat\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e9p t\u1ea5m c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, chi ti\u1ebft d\u1eadp s\u00e2u, \u1ed1ng k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, v\u00f9ng u\u1ed1n: austenit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n sang martensit do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. Nam ch\u00e2m s\u1ebd b\u00e1m nh\u1eb9\u2013v\u1eeba, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 430.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3: b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1ea7m v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: th\u1eed \u1edf v\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng (gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m), ho\u1eb7c \u1ee7 kh\u1eed \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t\/ki\u1ec3m tra PMI.<\/p>\n<h3>2) V\u00f9ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n inox austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 pha ferrit \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng, n\u00ean \u201ch\u00fat\u201d nam ch\u00e2m. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<h3>3) D\u00e0y\u2013m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nam ch\u00e2m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c b\u00e1m y\u1ebfu ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh; d\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m Neodymium qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cl\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u0169ng h\u00fat\u201d. C\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3>4) K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p, ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m inox b\u1ecdc tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n th\u00e9p carbon, \u1ed1c\/v\u00edt th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9n ph\u00eda sau, hay gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n \u201cc\u1ea3m\u201d th\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c h\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h3>5) Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u1edbi 201 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ea3 201 v\u00e0 304 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 austenitic (kh\u00f4ng\/\u00edt t\u1eeb t\u00ednh khi \u1ee7), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i. C\u1ea7n th\u1eed h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c PMI \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-huong-dan-thu-nam-cham-dung-cach-tai-xuong\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m Neodymium c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 10\u201315 mm, l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o ~1\u20133 kgf). Tr\u00e1nh lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb 2 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu: 304 \u1ee7 (kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat) v\u00e0 430 (h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh) \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ccalibrate\u201d c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ef1c tay.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch thao t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1eed t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng ph\u1eb3ng, s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp s\u01a1n\/d\u1ea7u d\u00e0y; \u01b0u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Test nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed: gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m, m\u00e9p c\u1eaft, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng thao t\u00e1c \u201ck\u00e9o tr\u01b0\u1ee3t\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cnh\u1ea5c d\u00ednh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 ma s\u00e1t t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1m r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 304\/316\/201.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 430\/410\/duplex.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1m nh\u1eb9 \u1edf m\u00e9p\/m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m \u1edf gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 304\/316 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ferrit t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-tinh-tu-cua-cac-mac-inox-pho-bien-ta\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 201 (Cr\u2013Mn\u2013Ni th\u1ea5p): h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat khi \u1ee7; h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 sau c\u00e1n\/d\u1eadp. Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304, k\u1ef5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304\/304L (18\/8): h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat khi \u1ee7; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i m\u00e9p, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng\/h\u00e0n. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (c\u00f3 Mo): t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 304 v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh; kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 304\/316 b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m. Ch\u1ed1ng pitting chloride t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1edd Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (ferritic): h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1, k\u00e9m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n\/axit. Hay b\u1ecb tr\u00e1o thay 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420 (martensitic): h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; c\u1ee9ng, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m dao, tr\u1ee5c.<br \/>\n&#8211; 439\/441 (ferritic \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh): h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; d\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-cac-phuong-phap-kiem-dinh-thay-the-hoac-bo-tro\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; PMI b\u1eb1ng XRF\/\u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 quang: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Cr\u2013Ni\u2013Mo\u2013Mn trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 201\/304\/316\/430. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb khi nh\u1eadn l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Test Mo \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u00e0 316: d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed molybdenum (thiocyanate). 316 cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u01a1ng, 304 \u00e2m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (MTC\/COA) theo ASTM A240, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu m\u1ebb nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m khi c\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 (n\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng), kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ecbnh danh m\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-quy-trinh-khuyen-nghi-kiem-tra-tai-cong-trinhxuong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\/x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00e1m m\u1ea1nh\/y\u1ebfu.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: N\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 316, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n test Mo t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7; n\u1ebfu nghi ng\u1edd 430 tr\u00e1o 304, chuy\u1ec3n sang PMI ngay.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: PMI XRF t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 3\u20135 \u0111i\u1ec3m\/coil ho\u1eb7c theo t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu MTC, m\u1ebb nhi\u1ec7t, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c; l\u01b0u \u1ea3nh, bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: V\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gia c\u00f4ng, th\u1eed th\u00eam \u1edf v\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m do martensite c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-cac-hieu-lam-pho-bien-can-tranh\">C\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u201cInox h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 inox gi\u1ea3\u201d: Sai. 430\/duplex l\u00e0 inox th\u1eadt v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cC\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat l\u00e0 304\u201d: Sai. 201 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat khi \u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cNam ch\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 304 v\u1edbi 316\u201d: Kh\u00f4ng. C\u1ea7n test Mo ho\u1eb7c PMI.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cM\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 304 chu\u1ea9n\u201d: Sai. M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ferrit v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-tinh-huong-thuc-te-tai-thi-truong-viet-nam\">T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1ee7i ro b\u1ecb tr\u00e1o 430 thay 304 trong v\u1eadt t\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\/thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ebfp l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Nam ch\u00e2m gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhanh, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y x\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng PMI tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i 304 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n, m\u00e9p t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng u\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1i \u201ch\u00fat\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u1eebng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng; h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng PMI x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steels: nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu \u2013 Knowledge Center: Magnetic behavior of stainless steel: outokumpu.com<br \/>\n&#8211; International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) \u2013 Stainless Steel in Figures and guides: worldstainless.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M \u2013 Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cm\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecbnh danh m\u00e1c inox\u201d. \u0110\u00fang khi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch 3xx v\u1edbi 4xx \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u01b0a gia c\u00f4ng; d\u1ec5 sai khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho chi ti\u1ebft 304\/316 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c khi mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u1edbi 201\/316. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ghi nh\u1eadn b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p PMI\/test Mo c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro mua nh\u1ea7m m\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nam ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc: \u0111\u00fang khi t\u00e1ch 3xx v\u1edbi 4xx, sai n\u1ebfu 304 b\u1ecb c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n\u2026 B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn test chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n PMI thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1011,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1458"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1458\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}