{"id":1461,"date":"2025-12-22T12:35:20","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T05:35:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-thuoc-thu-de-phan-biet-inox-304-va-201\/"},"modified":"2025-12-22T12:35:20","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T05:35:20","slug":"huong-dan-dung-axit-thuoc-thu-de-phan-biet-inox-304-va-201","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/huong-dan-dung-axit-thuoc-thu-de-phan-biet-inox-304-va-201\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00f9ng axit\/thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Inox 304 v\u00e0 201"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tom-tat-ky-thuat-vi-sao-axitthuoc-thu-phan-biet-du\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: V\u00ec sao axit\/thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 304 v\u00e0 201?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-an-toan-truoc-het-chuan-bi-va-ppe\">An to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 PPE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-phuong-phap-1-thuoc-thu-ni-dmg-chinh-xac-va-it-huy\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1 \u2013 Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni (DMG) \u2013 Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00edt h\u1ee7y h\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-phuong-phap-2-dung-dich-dong-sunfat-cuso4-sau-kich\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2 \u2013 Dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat (CuSO4) sau k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t axit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-phuong-phap-3-axit-clohydric-loang-hcl-quan-sat-to\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 3 \u2013 Axit clohydric lo\u00e3ng (HCl) quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-thuoc-thu-thuong-mai-chuyen-dung-va-bo-kit\">Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-quy-trinh-nhanh-ngoai-cong-truong-3-buoc-khuyen-ng\">Quy tr\u00ecnh nhanh ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng: 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-kiem-soat-bien-so-va-loi-thuong-gap\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-so-sanh-tong-quat-cac-phuong-phap\">So s\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf mua b\u00e1n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Inox 304 v\u1edbi 201 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng axit v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft 304 v\u00e0 201 nhanh, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng inox ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kho b\u00e3i, thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, XRF, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tom-tat-ky-thuat-vi-sao-axitthuoc-thu-phan-biet-du\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: V\u00ec sao axit\/thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 304 v\u00e0 201?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Inox 304 (UNS S30400 theo ASTM A240): Cr 18\u201320%, Ni 8\u201310.5%, Mn \u2264 2%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Inox 201 (UNS S20100): Cr 16\u201318%, Ni kho\u1ea3ng 3.5\u20135.5% (th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3), Mn 5.5\u20137.5%, c\u00f3 N vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni cao \u1edf 304 gi\u00fap b\u1ec1n h\u00f3a th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 c\u00f3 Ni th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 Mn cao n\u00ean k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi axit chloride\/acid kh\u1eed; d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhanh h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1eed:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni (dimethylglyoxime \u2013 DMG) t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u\/ket t\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecf v\u1edbi ion Ni, cho ph\u00e9p suy ra \u201cnhi\u1ec1u Ni\u201d (304) hay \u201c\u00edt Ni\u201d (201).<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 HCl lo\u00e3ng, CuSO4 theo quy tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t) cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng\/\u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u\/\u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa 201 v\u00e0 304.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh: ASTM A240 (gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n), datasheet AISI\/UNS cho 304 v\u00e0 201 c\u1ee7a Outokumpu, AK Steel\/Cleveland-Cliffs. V\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni: b\u1ed9 kit Koslow Scientific \u2013 Stainless Steel Grade Verification (nickel spot test DMG).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-an-toan-truoc-het-chuan-bi-va-ppe\">An to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 PPE<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Trang b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9: k\u00ednh che k\u00edn, g\u0103ng nitrile\/neoprene, t\u1ea1p d\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea9u trang than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: b\u00f4ng t\u0103m\/que nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, gi\u1ea5y pH, c\u1ed1c th\u1ee7y tinh\/PP, gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng\/\u0111\u0129a s\u1ee9 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0u, gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m m\u1ecbn (P400\u2013P800) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed, n\u01b0\u1edbc DI, kh\u0103n lau kh\u00f4ng x\u01a1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf: chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3 ho\u1eb7c Na2CO3 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a axit sau khi th\u1eed; thu gom ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o chai d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n \u201cch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i axit\/DMG\u201d giao \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-phuong-phap-1-thuoc-thu-ni-dmg-chinh-xac-va-it-huy\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1 \u2013 Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni (DMG) \u2013 Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00edt h\u1ee7y h\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>Dimethylglyoxime (DMG) t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee9c\/ket t\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1edbi ion Ni trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1i ki\u1ec1m (pH ~9\u201310). 304 c\u00f3 Ni kho\u1ea3ng 8\u201310.5% cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh; 201 Ni ~3.5\u20135.5% cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n<p>Tham kh\u1ea3o: Koslow Scientific \u2013 Nickel Test; Nickel Institute h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Ni b\u1eb1ng DMG.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch HCl 10% ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p HCl 10% + HNO3 5% (h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00f2a tan b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu thao t\u00e1c nhanh).<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch NH4OH 10% (amoniac) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh pH.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch DMG 1% trong ethanol ho\u1eb7c methanol.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc DI \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>1) L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed: ch\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 1 \u00f4 ~5\u00d75 mm b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m m\u1ecbn; lau s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1.<br \/>\n2) H\u00f2a tan c\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng: nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt HCl 10% (ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00eau tr\u00ean) l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ch\u1edd 5\u201310 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ion Ni r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf; th\u1ea5m kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n3) Trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: ch\u1ea5m 1\u20132 gi\u1ecdt NH4OH 10% \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a pH l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 9\u201310 (ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y pH).<br \/>\n4) Nh\u1ecf 1\u20132 gi\u1ecdt thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed DMG 1% l\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m; quan s\u00e1t trong 10\u201360 gi\u00e2y tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n tr\u1eafng.<br \/>\n5) \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n: n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u 304 chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u 201 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304: m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf\/\u0111\u1ecf h\u1ed3ng r\u00f5, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhanh (10\u201330 gi\u00e2y), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecf b\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201: m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadm xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n (tr\u00ean 60 gi\u00e2y), nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00e0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: 316 c\u0169ng cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u Ni m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 304. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 316, d\u00f9ng th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Mo (thiocyanate + H2O2 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 Mo).<\/p>\n<h3>\u01afu\/nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu: \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u201cNi cao\u201d (304) v\u00e0 \u201cNi th\u1ea5p\u201d (201); \u00edt g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ebfu thao t\u00e1c nhanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t; ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t pH.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-phuong-phap-2-dung-dich-dong-sunfat-cuso4-sau-kich\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2 \u2013 Dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat (CuSO4) sau k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t axit<\/h2>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ck\u00edch ho\u1ea1t\u201d b\u1eb1ng axit nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0m m\u1ecfng l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng; khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 c\u00f3 H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e0u s\u1eaft\/martensite. 201 (Ni th\u1ea5p) th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e2u\/\u0111\u1ecf nhanh h\u01a1n 304 trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>Tham kh\u1ea3o: ASTM A967 Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c A1 (Copper Sulfate Test \u2013 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do tr\u00ean inox), \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t: HCl 10% ho\u1eb7c H2SO4 10%.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4: h\u00f2a tan 20 g CuSO4\u00b75H2O trong 100 mL n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00eam 1\u20132 mL H2SO4 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c (ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh pH ~1\u20132).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc DI.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>1) L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u: ch\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 lau s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n2) K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t: nh\u1ecf HCl 10% trong 15\u201330 gi\u00e2y; r\u1eeda nhanh b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc DI; th\u1ea5m kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n3) Nh\u1ecf CuSO4 l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed, quan s\u00e1t trong 30\u2013120 gi\u00e2y.<br \/>\n4) So s\u00e1nh song song gi\u1eefa m\u1eabu c\u1ea7n th\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu 304 chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 201: th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e2u\/\u0111\u1ecf xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhanh, r\u00f5 h\u01a1n trong 1\u20132 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1eef s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 304 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft (do m\u1ea1t m\u00e0i th\u00e9p carbon), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3; v\u00ec v\u1eady lu\u00f4n ch\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h3>\u01afu\/nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u01afu: h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, thao t\u00e1c nhanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201ck\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-phuong-phap-3-axit-clohydric-loang-hcl-quan-sat-to\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 3 \u2013 Axit clohydric lo\u00e3ng (HCl) quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h2>\n<h3>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>HCl l\u00e0 axit kh\u1eed, g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n inox. 201 k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n HCl h\u01a1n 304 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u\/\u0103n m\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed (r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf).<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/h3>\n<p>1) L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u00e0 m\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed 3\u20135 mm.<br \/>\n2) Nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt HCl 10%; b\u1eaft th\u1eddi gian 1\u20133 ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n3) Quan s\u00e1t:<br \/>\n   &#8211; 201: s\u1eabm m\u00e0u, s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt nh\u1eb9\/\u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec7t m\u1edd x\u00e1m.<br \/>\n   &#8211; 304: ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00edt \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian.<br \/>\n4) Trung h\u00f2a ngay b\u1eb1ng NaHCO3; r\u1eeda k\u1ef9 n\u01b0\u1edbc DI.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n trang tr\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 (HL, NO.4, g\u01b0\u01a1ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u2013 th\u1eed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-thuoc-thu-thuong-mai-chuyen-dung-va-bo-kit\">Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kit<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed9 kit nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft inox b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m (spot test kit) nh\u01b0 Koslow Scientific 1542\/1554\/1549: g\u1ed3m thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni (DMG), Mo, Cr, S, k\u00e8m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thao t\u00e1c an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 thang so m\u00e0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u201cthu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Inox 201\/304\/316\u201d \u0111\u00f3ng s\u1eb5n l\u1ecd nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt. \u01afu ti\u00ean lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu. Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n 304 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-quy-trinh-nhanh-ngoai-cong-truong-3-buoc-khuyen-ng\">Quy tr\u00ecnh nhanh ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng: 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>1) S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m: 201 v\u00e0 304 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 austenit n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt h\u00fat; tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i (u\u1ed1n, d\u1eadp) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 coi l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<br \/>\n2) X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng DMG (Ni): th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecf m\u1ea1nh \u2192 nhi\u1ec1u Ni \u2192 304 (ho\u1eb7c 316). \u0110\u1ecf y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u2192 nghi\u00eang 201\/202.<br \/>\n3) B\u1ed5 sung CuSO4 ho\u1eb7c HCl lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n\/b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 316, th\u1eed th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Mo.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-kiem-soat-bien-so-va-loi-thuong-gap\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ea7u m\u1ee1\/b\u1ee5i s\u1eaft b\u00e1m: g\u00e2y sai l\u1ec7ch CuSO4. Lu\u00f4n ch\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1edbp s\u01a1n, m\u1ea1, ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7: ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u (heat tint) sau h\u00e0n: \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng; n\u00ean th\u1eed \u1edf v\u00f9ng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a n\u1eb7ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 pH: \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi DMG. Thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec1m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u Ni y\u1ebfu.<br \/>\n&#8211; Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9: lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m m\u1ea9u chu\u1ea9n 304, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, m\u1ea9u 201 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-so-sanh-tong-quat-cac-phuong-phap\">So s\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; DMG (Ni): \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch 304 v\u00e0 201; \u00edt ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y; c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t pH.<br \/>\n&#8211; CuSO4 sau k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t: nhanh, r\u1ebb; trung b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn; ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; HCl lo\u00e3ng: r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m; ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; d\u00f9ng khi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i v\u1ebft th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; XRF c\u1ea7m tay (tham kh\u1ea3o): kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng axit, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t cao v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M \u2013 Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip.<br \/>\n&#8211; AK Steel (Cleveland-Cliffs) Product Data Bulletin: Types 201 and 304 Stainless Steel (t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t).<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook, datasheet 201\/304.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A967 \u2013 Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel; Appendix A1 Copper Sulfate Test (nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat).<br \/>\n&#8211; Koslow Scientific \u2013 Stainless Steel Grade Verification Kits, Nickel Test (DMG): koslow.com<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Inox 304 v\u00e0 201 b\u1eb1ng axit\/thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Ni (DMG) theo quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec3m: 304 cho m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf r\u00f5, 201 cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 sau k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t axit v\u00e0 th\u1eed HCl lo\u00e3ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng\/\u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai ph\u00e9p th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i, h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c inox cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecbnh. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng axit v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (DMG, CuSO4) \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nhanh, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c Inox 304 v\u1edbi 201, k\u00e8m l\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1009,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1461"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1461\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1009"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}