{"id":1466,"date":"2025-12-23T12:34:46","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T05:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-tra-inox-bang-do-trong-luong-rieng-phan-biet-201-304-316\/"},"modified":"2025-12-23T12:34:46","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T05:34:46","slug":"kiem-tra-inox-bang-do-trong-luong-rieng-phan-biet-201-304-316","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-tra-inox-bang-do-trong-luong-rieng-phan-biet-201-304-316\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m tra Inox b\u1eb1ng \u0111o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201, 304, 316"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-trong-luong-rieng-ty-trong-cua-inox-la-gi-va-dung-\">Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang (t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng) c\u1ee7a Inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-nguyen-ly-va-cong-thuc-do-theo-archimedes\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111o theo Archimedes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-dung-cu-toi-thieu-va-chuan-bi-mau\">D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-quy-trinh-do-tung-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111o t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-dai-trong-luong-rieng-tham-chieu-cho-cac-mac-inox-\">D\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang tham chi\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1c Inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-do-bang-the-tich-hinh-hoc-khi-khong-the-can-thuy-t\">\u0110o b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-do-chinh-xac-va-cac-nguon-sai-so-thuong-gap\">\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n sai s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-dien-giai-ket-qua-trong-kiem-dinh-thuc-te\">Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-khi-nao-nen-dung-may-xrf-thay-vi-ty-trong\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y XRF thay v\u00ec t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-faq-nhanh\">FAQ nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-tieu-bieu\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang (t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhanh, r\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1c Inox ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n h\u00e0ng pha tr\u1ed9n ho\u1eb7c ghi sai m\u00e1c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u1eed t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Mo v\u00e0 m\u00e1y XRF. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111o, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng so s\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (201, 304, 316, 430), sai s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-trong-luong-rieng-ty-trong-cua-inox-la-gi-va-dung-\">Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang (t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng) c\u1ee7a Inox l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang (th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang\/density, \u03c1) l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb g\/cm\u00b3 ho\u1eb7c kg\/m\u00b3. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng (SG) l\u00e0 \u03c1 v\u1eadt\/\u03c1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c nhau cho ra \u03c1 kh\u00e1c nhau (Ni, Cr, Mo, Mn, C\u2026 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed), v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u03c1 \u0111\u1ec3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh nh\u00f3m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: 200\/300 series (austenitic) so v\u1edbi 400 series (ferritic\/martensitic).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nghi v\u1ea5n 304 b\u1ecb thay b\u1eb1ng 201; s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc 430 l\u1eabn v\u00e0o 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u03c1 gi\u1eefa 304 v\u00e0 316 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf; t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o, c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00eam ph\u00e9p th\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-nguyen-ly-va-cong-thuc-do-theo-archimedes\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111o theo Archimedes<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e2n th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh (hydrostatic weighing) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y Archimedes:<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e2n m\u1eabu trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed: W_air (g).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e2n m\u1eabu khi nh\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc: W_water (g).<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ebft \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 23\u00b0C: \u03c1 \u2248 0,9975 g\/cm\u00b3).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang m\u1eabu: \u03c1_sample = W_air \/ (W_air \u2212 W_water) \u00d7 \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng (SG) = \u03c1_sample \/ \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ~1 g\/cm\u00b3 \u1edf 4\u201325\u00b0C, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u03c1_sample \u2248 SG (sai s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf n\u1ebfu b\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-dung-cu-toi-thieu-va-chuan-bi-mau\">D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i 0,01 g (t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu 0,001 g cho m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ed1c\/b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf; d\u00e2y treo m\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i m\u1ea3nh (nilon\/\u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea3nh).<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng lo\u00e3ng) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed b\u00e1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n). M\u1eabu n\u1eb7ng 10\u2013100 g l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, s\u01a1n, r\u1ec9; v\u00e1t b\u1ecf ba via s\u1eafc, khoan tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed cho chi ti\u1ebft r\u1ed7ng k\u00edn (tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-quy-trinh-do-tung-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111o t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2n n\u01a1i ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00f3; ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 0.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc; tra \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 20\u00b0C: 0,9982; 25\u00b0C: 0,9970 g\/cm\u00b3).<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: C\u00e2n kh\u00f4 (W_air)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lau kh\u00f4 m\u1eabu, c\u00e2n v\u00e0 ghi W_air. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y treo, c\u00e2n c\u1ea3 d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1eeb \u0111i.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: C\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbt (W_water)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Treo m\u1eabu ng\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea1m th\u00e0nh\/\u0111\u00e1y, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed b\u00e1m (kh\u1ebd l\u1eafc).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ee3i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ghi W_water.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: T\u00ednh \u03c1 v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00ednh \u03c1_sample = W_air \/ (W_air \u2212 W_water) \u00d7 \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i tham chi\u1ebfu theo m\u00e1c (xem ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ednh nhanh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1 (nghi 304): W_air = 52,09 g; W_water = 45,53 g; T = 23\u00b0C \u2192 \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc = 0,9975.<br \/>\n  \u03c1 = 52,09 \/ (52,09 \u2212 45,53) \u00d7 0,9975 = 52,09 \/ 6,56 \u00d7 0,9975 \u2248 7,94 g\/cm\u00b3 \u2192 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p 304\/301.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2 (nghi 430): W_air = 51,00 g; W_water = 44,41 g; \u03c1 \u2248 51,00 \/ 6,59 \u00d7 0,9975 \u2248 7,72 g\/cm\u00b3 \u2192 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p 430\/410.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-dai-trong-luong-rieng-tham-chieu-cho-cac-mac-inox-\">D\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang tham chi\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1c Inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 201\/202 (austenitic Mn cao, Ni th\u1ea5p): kho\u1ea3ng 7,80\u20137,90 g\/cm\u00b3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 301\/304\/304L (austenitic Cr-Ni): kho\u1ea3ng 7,90\u20138,05 g\/cm\u00b3; 304 danh \u0111\u1ecbnh ~7,93\u20138,00.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 316\/316L (austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo): kho\u1ea3ng 7,96\u20138,05 g\/cm\u00b3; ch\u00eanh so 304 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 321\/347 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a Ti\/Nb): kho\u1ea3ng 7,90\u20138,00 g\/cm\u00b3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 430 (ferritic): kho\u1ea3ng 7,65\u20137,75 g\/cm\u00b3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 410\/420 (martensitic): kho\u1ea3ng 7,70\u20137,75 g\/cm\u00b3.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ee3i \u00fd ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nhanh theo \u03c1 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<br \/>\n&#8211; < 7,80 g\/cm\u00b3: nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 400 series (430\/410) ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim r\u1ed7ng\/l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p.\n- 7,80\u20137,90 g\/cm\u00b3: nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 201\/202.\n- 7,90\u20138,03 g\/cm\u00b3: v\u00f9ng 301\/304\/304L; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n 316L \u1edf bi\u00ean.\n- > 8,03 g\/cm\u00b3: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 316\/316L ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c Ni cao (310\u2026); c\u1ea7n th\u1eed b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: d\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb9 do th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i luy\u1ec7n (\u1ee7, c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-do-bang-the-tich-hinh-hoc-khi-khong-the-can-thuy-t\">\u0110o b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1edbi t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng\/thanh d\u00e0i kh\u00f3 nh\u00fang n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u03c1 = m\/V:<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m: V = d\u00e0i \u00d7 r\u1ed9ng \u00d7 d\u00e0y (\u0111\u1ed5i ra cm\u00b3); c\u00e2n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m (g) \u2192 \u03c1 = m\/V.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng: V = \u03c0 \u00d7 (D_ngo\u00e0i\u00b2 \u2212 D_trong\u00b2)\/4 \u00d7 L. \u0110o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng panme-th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eb7p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thanh tr\u00f2n: V = \u03c0 \u00d7 D\u00b2\/4 \u00d7 L.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eb9o gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1: \u0111o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh; \u01b0u ti\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn (\u2265300 mm) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng dung sai.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-do-chinh-xac-va-cac-nguon-sai-so-thuong-gap\">\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n sai s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Quy m\u00f4 sai s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: n\u1ebfu thao t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u00b10,01\u20130,02 g\/cm\u00b3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 430 v\u1edbi 304, v\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 201 v\u1edbi 304. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch 304 v\u1edbi 316 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngu\u1ed3n sai s\u1ed1:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ecdt kh\u00ed, d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u00e1m, s\u01a1n\/ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebdm, r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed b\u00ean trong.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00f3, rung; d\u00e2y treo n\u1ed5i l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1eabu r\u1ed7ng k\u00edn gi\u1eef kh\u00ed, ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5 ong.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u1eabu; khoan l\u1ed7 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed cho khoang k\u00edn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, g\u00f5 nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1ecdt.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ghi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, tra \u03c1_n\u01b0\u1edbc; che gi\u00f3 cho c\u00e2n; l\u1eadp phi\u1ebfu \u0111o 2\u20133 l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-dien-giai-ket-qua-trong-kiem-dinh-thuc-te\">Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra 304 b\u1ecb tr\u00e1o 201:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ebfu \u03c1 \u2264 7,90 g\/cm\u00b3, nghi 201\/202. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1eed t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (austenitic th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m), th\u1eed Mo nhanh (thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed thiocyanate) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 316.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc 430 l\u1eabn v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng 304:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u03c1 ~7,7 g\/cm\u00b3 v\u00e0 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh \u2192 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn 430\/410. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng XRF khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u1edbi 316:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ch\u00eanh \u03c1 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf; d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Mo, XRF ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- (316 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u\/h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng \u03c1 \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u00f3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc (400 vs 200\/300), sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 XRF \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-khi-nao-nen-dung-may-xrf-thay-vi-ty-trong\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y XRF thay v\u00ec t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 m\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (304 vs 316, 321, 309\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f4 l\u1edbn, r\u1ee7i ro cao, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac c\u00f3 r\u1ed7, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111o thi\u1ebfu \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<br \/>\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh hai b\u01b0\u1edbc: s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng; ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng XRF cho m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-faq-nhanh\">FAQ nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea1i sao 304 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111o v\u1eabn h\u01a1i h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m? Do bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng\/c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o pha ferit\/martensite; d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u03c1 v\u00e0 th\u1eed Mo \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n b\u00f9 l\u1ef1c n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed? V\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c gram, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. V\u1edbi \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Archimedes; th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ed3n thay n\u01b0\u1edbc? C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u03c1 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh; n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ec5 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao-tieu-bieu\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook v\u00e0 datasheet m\u00e1c th\u00e9p: d\u1ea3i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u00e1c series 200\/300\/400. https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com<br \/>\n&#8211; AZoM\/Matmatch\/MatWeb: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho 201, 304, 316, 430 (density ranges \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh). https:\/\/www.azom.com | https:\/\/matmatch.com | https:\/\/www.matweb.com<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 3369 v\u00e0 ASTM B311: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Archimedes \u0111o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t\/sintered (nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c). https:\/\/www.iso.org | https:\/\/www.astm.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM D792: \u0111o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang b\u1eb1ng Archimedes (cho polymer, nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 thao t\u00e1c c\u00e2n th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh chu\u1ea9n). https:\/\/www.astm.org<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Archimedes l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 400 series (\u03c1 ~7,7) v\u1edbi 200\/300 series (\u03c1 ~7,9\u20138,0).<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nguy c\u01a1 tr\u00e1o 201 cho 304.<br \/>\nTuy nhi\u00ean, 304 v\u00e0 316 c\u00f3 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u03c1 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf; \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh m\u00e1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1eed t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Mo ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y XRF. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111o \u0111\u00fang, b\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t sai s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1eadn sai h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang (t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Inox 201, 304, 316, 430. N\u00eau d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, sai s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1466\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}