{"id":1468,"date":"2025-12-24T00:34:11","date_gmt":"2025-12-23T17:34:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/chieu-tro-gia-mao-inox-304-va-10-cach-kiem-tra-phong-tranh\/"},"modified":"2025-12-24T00:34:11","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T17:34:11","slug":"chieu-tro-gia-mao-inox-304-va-10-cach-kiem-tra-phong-tranh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/chieu-tro-gia-mao-inox-304-va-10-cach-kiem-tra-phong-tranh\/","title":{"rendered":"Chi\u00eau tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o Inox 304 v\u00e0 10 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra, ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-vi-sao-inox-304-bi-lam-gia-nhieu\">V\u00ec sao Inox 304 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-8-chieu-tro-lam-gia-inox-304-pho-bien\">8 chi\u00eau tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 Inox 304 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-hau-qua-khi-mua-nham-inox-304\">H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 khi mua nh\u1ea7m Inox 304<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-10-cach-kiem-tra-va-phong-tranh-hieu-qua\">10 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-dau-hieu-hien-truong-phan-biet-nhanh-304-201-430\">D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh 304 \u2013 201 \u2013 430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-quy-trinh-nghiem-thu-chong-trao-mac-mau-tham-khao\">Quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7m thu ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1o m\u00e1c (m\u1eabu tham kh\u1ea3o)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-cac-hieu-lam-thuong-gap-can-tranh\">C\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-ung-dung-doi-hoi-304-that-khong-nen-thoa-hiep\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi 304 th\u1eadt \u2013 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 304 (UNS S30400\/EN 1.4301\/JIS SUS304) l\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. Nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn k\u00e9o theo nhi\u1ec1u chi\u00eau tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3, tr\u00e1o m\u00e1c g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh: r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t s\u1edbm, n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, m\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y b\u00f3c tr\u1ea7n c\u00e1c chi\u00eau tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o Inox 304 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c thi cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng inox n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-vi-sao-inox-304-bi-lam-gia-nhieu\">V\u00ec sao Inox 304 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng Cr 18\u201320% v\u00e0 Ni 8\u201310.5%, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng. Gi\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o Ni, cao h\u01a1n 201\/430.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201\/202 (d\u00f2ng 200 series) gi\u1ea3m Ni, t\u0103ng Mn\/N (gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb) nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n; 430 (ferritic) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni, r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1o m\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 8\u201325% t\u00f9y th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1 Ni, n\u00ean gian th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c \u00edt ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-8-chieu-tro-lam-gia-inox-304-pho-bien\">8 chi\u00eau tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 Inox 304 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<h3>1) Tr\u00e1o m\u00e1c 201\/202 ho\u1eb7c 430 th\u00e0nh 304<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ed0ng\/h\u1ed9p h\u00e0n d\u00f9ng b\u0103ng 201 nh\u01b0ng in SUS304\/304 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n 201 BA gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng 304 BA nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 304\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3>2) G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n, kh\u1eafc laser SUS304\/304L gi\u1ea3<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tem cu\u1ed9n, in \u0111\u00e1y n\u1ed3i, kh\u1eafc laser tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 heat number ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f9ng heat number gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC\/CO-CQ gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Scan\/ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda PDF MTC, t\u1ef1 g\u00f5 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, d\u00f9ng m\u1eabu MTC \u201c\u0111\u1eb9p\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng l\u1edbn cho h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh CQ kh\u00f4ng theo EN 10204.<\/p>\n<h3>4) \u201cPh\u00f9 ph\u00e9p\u201d b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Pickling\/\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a v\u1ebft g\u1ec9 nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a 201\/430; ph\u1ee7 d\u1ea7u, ph\u1ee7 s\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm r\u1ec9 v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau giao h\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd BA gi\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h3>5) Sai s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 gi\u00e1<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n quy c\u00e1ch (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 1.1 mm b\u00e1n nh\u01b0 1.2 mm), gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 5\u201310%.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng nong x\u1ec9, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 r\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<h3>6) Pha tr\u1ed9n l\u00f4: 304 th\u1eadt \u2013 201\/430 l\u1eabn k\u00e8m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u1ed9n 10\u201330% c\u00e2y\/\u1ed1ng 201 v\u00e0o b\u00f3 h\u00e0ng 304; kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1eabu s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>7) \u201cKh\u1eed t\u1eeb\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 qua test nam ch\u00e2m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m: 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb sau c\u00e1n, c\u00f2n 201 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng \u00edt nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb. Gian th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee7\/\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c h\u00fat, \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 test b\u1eb1ng nam ch\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<h3>8) G\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u1eadp l\u1edd: 304J\/304DDQ\/304 \u201cc\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Nh\u1eadt\u201d gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n 200 series c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean. 304 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A240\/EN 10088\/JIS G4304\/4305.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-hau-qua-khi-mua-nham-inox-304\">H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 khi mua nh\u1ea7m Inox 304<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1ec9 n\u00e2u loang sau 2\u20138 tu\u1ea7n \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/m\u1eb7n nh\u1eb9 (201\/430).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n n\u1ee9t, \u0103n m\u00f2n khe t\u1ea1i b\u1ed3n, \u1ed1ng, lan can ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<br \/>\n&#8211; Vi ph\u1ea1m an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch (ion kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00f2a tan).<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh, d\u1eebng m\u00e1y, thay th\u1ebf cao g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n \u201cti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m\u201d ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-10-cach-kiem-tra-va-phong-tranh-hieu-qua\">10 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n<h3>1) \u0110\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ghi trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng: \u201cStainless steel 304 per ASTM A240\/A480 (UNS S30400), EN 1.4301 ho\u1eb7c JIS SUS304; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 EN 10204 3.1; dung sai theo ASTM A480\/EN 10051; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t No.1\/2B\/BA t\u00f9y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u00eau r\u00e0ng c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u PMI khi nghi\u1ec7m thu.<\/p>\n<h3>2) Ki\u1ec3m tra PMI b\u1eb1ng XRF t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng m\u00e1y XRF c\u1ea7m tay x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: Cr ~18%, Ni 8\u201310.5%, Mn \u22642%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201\/202: Ni th\u01b0\u1eddng <5%, Mn 5\u20139% (d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5).\n  - 430: Cr ~16\u201318%, Ni ~0%.\n- Ki\u1ec3m 100% m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u1ea7u b\u00f3 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean 10\u201330% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y\/t\u1ea5m.\n\n\n\n<h3>3) Ki\u1ec3m tra nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch (ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 430 h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh. 304 chu\u1ea9n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i h\u00fat sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i\/h\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: nam ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i nhanh 430; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u1edbi 201.<\/p>\n<h3>4) Th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat (CuSO4) t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u2013 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00e8m theo<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4, nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 \u0111\u00e3 axit h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 l\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e0i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng; 201 d\u1ec5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3ng\/\u0111\u1ecf nhanh.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea9n d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sai. Kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf PMI.<\/p>\n<h3>5) Th\u1eed axit nitric c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 20\u201350% HNO3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng: 304 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1t; 400 series b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u00f5.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng cho m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf\/phi\u1ebfn th\u1eed; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>6) C\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng \u2013 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/dung sai<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 7.93 g\/cm3 (201 ~7.8; 430 ~7.7).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e2n b\u00f3 h\u00e0ng, \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc panme\/si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 so v\u1edbi dung sai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Sai s\u1ed1 \u201c\u00e2m\u201d b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<h3>7) Soi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng\/b\u1ed3n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m th\u1ea5u v\u1ebft (borescope): m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y, s\u1ea1ch x\u1ec9, kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed7. \u1ed0ng 201 gi\u1ea3 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed7 men, x\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a t\u1ea9y.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u pickling-passivation theo ASTM A967 (c\u00f3 bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n).<\/p>\n<h3>8) Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; MTC theo EN 10204 3.1 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3: t\u00ean\/\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1c, heat number, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, ch\u1eef k\u00fd \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu heat number in\/kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi MTC. Nghi ng\u1edd th\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ghi tr\u00ean MTC \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n<h3>9) L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 5\u201310% s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5\/PMI.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ghi h\u00ecnh, ni\u00eam phong m\u1eabu tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3>10) Ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p uy t\u00edn cung c\u1ea5p: CO\/CQ, MTC 3.1, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd PMI, quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp \u2013 xu\u1ea5t \u2013 truy xu\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea3 khi sai m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 Ni (LME).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-dau-hieu-hien-truong-phan-biet-nhanh-304-201-430\">D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh 304 \u2013 201 \u2013 430<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (PMI):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: Cr ~18%, Ni \u22658%.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201\/202: Ni th\u1ea5p, Mn cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: Ni ~0%, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh: 430 h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh; 201\/304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn 201 vs 304).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00e1ng g\u1ec9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/m\u1eb7n nh\u1eb9: 304 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ba lo\u1ea1i; 201 r\u1ec9 nhanh quanh m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/c\u1ea1nh c\u1eaft; 430 r\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: BA c\u1ee7a 201 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 304; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-quy-trinh-nghiem-thu-chong-trao-mac-mau-tham-khao\">Quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7m thu ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1o m\u00e1c (m\u1eabu tham kh\u1ea3o)<\/h2>\n<p>1) Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb: H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ghi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n + MTC 3.1 + CO\/CQ.<br \/>\n2) \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1eadt l\u00fd: Heat number tr\u00ean t\u1eebng b\u00f3\/t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng kh\u1edbp MTC.<br \/>\n3) Ki\u1ec3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/\u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 oval.<br \/>\n4) PMI: ki\u1ec3m 100% m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 10% s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/\u0111i\u1ec3m.<br \/>\n5) Test b\u1ed5 sung (n\u1ebfu r\u1ee7i ro cao): CuSO4\/nitric t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 tr\u00ean m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n6) L\u1eadp bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7m thu, gi\u1eef m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n7) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng: ph\u1ea1t\/\u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu sai m\u00e1c; gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 5\u201310% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-cac-hieu-lam-thuong-gap-can-tranh\">C\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u201c304 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m\u201d: Sai. 304 sau c\u00e1n\/h\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cB\u00f3ng l\u00e0 304, x\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 201\u201d: Sai. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cPhun s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0i gi\u1edd l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft m\u00e1c\u201d: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u1ecbnh danh, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn b\u1edfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n CQ c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i\u201d: C\u1ea7n MTC 3.1 t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t heat number.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-ung-dung-doi-hoi-304-that-khong-nen-thoa-hiep\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi 304 th\u1eadt \u2013 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, d\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ven bi\u1ec3n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clo nh\u1eb9: 201\/430 r\u1ec9 nhanh, gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00c1p l\u1ef1c\/bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec7t\/m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n d\u00e0y: sai m\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A480 \u2013 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088-1\/2 \u2013 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9; EN 1.4301 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; JIS G4304\/G4305 \u2013 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng\/c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, SUS304.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10204 \u2013 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb 3.1).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute Technical Library \u2013 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e1c austenitic (ni-institute.org).<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook \u2013 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 304\/201\/430 (outokumpu.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A967 \u2013 passivation v\u00e0 th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do (l\u01b0u \u00fd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o Inox 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng xoay quanh ba th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt: tr\u00e1o m\u00e1c (201\/430 th\u00e0nh 304), gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb (MTC\/CO-CQ) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\/k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c MTC 3.1 c\u00f3 heat number, tri\u1ec3n khai PMI b\u1eb1ng XRF khi nghi\u1ec7m thu, ki\u1ec3m dung sai \u2013 c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. \u0110\u1eebng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb; h\u00e3y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy xu\u1ea5t minh b\u1ea1ch. L\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 Inox 304 chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 truy xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 PMI hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n 8 chi\u00eau tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 Inox 304: tr\u00e1o 201\/430, MTC gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng che khuy\u1ebft, sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\u2026 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra PMI, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, nam ch\u00e2m, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1468"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1468\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}