{"id":1472,"date":"2025-12-25T00:33:54","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T17:33:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp-chinh-xac\/"},"modified":"2025-12-25T00:33:54","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T17:33:54","slug":"kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp-chinh-xac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/kiem-dinh-inox-phong-lab-phan-tich-quang-pho-oes-xrf-icp-chinh-xac\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Inox ph\u00f2ng lab: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 OES, XRF, ICP ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-vi-sao-kiem-dinh-inox-can-phan-tich-quan\">T\u1ed5ng quan: v\u00ec sao ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Inox c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-cac-phuong-phap-phan-tich-quang-pho-chu-dao\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-quy-trinh-kiem-dinh-inox-tai-phong-lab-chuyen-nghi\">Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Inox t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng lab chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-chon-phuong-phap-theo-tinh-huong-thuc-te\">Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-sai-so-va-bay-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">Sai s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1eaby th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-vi-du-nhanh-phan-biet-304-304l-316-201\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304, 304L, 316, 201<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-chi-phi-thoi-gian-ho-so\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 th\u1eddi gian \u2013 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong chu\u1ed7i \u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Inox\u201d, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng lab l\u00e0 \u201cti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ppm v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Inox b\u1eb1ng quang ph\u1ed5 (XRF, OES, ICP\u2026), quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t theo ASTM\/ISO.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-vi-sao-kiem-dinh-inox-can-phan-tich-quan\">T\u1ed5ng quan: v\u00ec sao ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Inox c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1n m\u00e1c (grade) theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASTM A240\/EN 10088), ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304\/304L\/316\/201\/202, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (P, S, Pb, Bi, As), \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf quang ph\u1ed5: nhanh, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, truy v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n CRM.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM E1086: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 quang (Spark OES) cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM E415: OES cho th\u00e9p carbon\/th\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p kim (tham chi\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean l\u00fd).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM E1621\/ISO 3497: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng XRF (\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1).<br \/>\n  &#8211; API RP 578: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh PMI trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.<br \/>\n  &#8211; ISO\/IEC 17025: N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m\/hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-cac-phuong-phap-phan-tich-quang-pho-chu-dao\">C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n<h3>1) XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) \u2013 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nhanh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: tia X k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1eabu ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1; \u0111o ph\u1ed5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea3i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1: th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Mg\/Al \u0111\u1ebfn U; kh\u00f4ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C, N, O.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y; c\u1ea7m tay PMI t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh 304 vs 316 (d\u1ef1a Mo), 201\/202 (Mn, Ni th\u1ea5p), 310 (Ni, Cr cao).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n C, N \u2192 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u1edbi 304L; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 N trong 200-series.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111o; \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbp oxit, s\u01a1n, c\u00e1u b\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tham kh\u1ea3o (b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3, m\u1eabu t\u1ed1t): Cr\/Ni\/Mo \u00b10,03\u20130,07% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; handheld th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00b10,1\u20130,2% ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n t\u00f9y nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111o.<\/p>\n<p>Khi d\u00f9ng: PMI \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nhanh cu\u1ed9n\/t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng; x\u00e1c minh 316\/316L (ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c minh Mo, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u201cL\u201d).<\/p>\n<h3>2) Spark OES (Optical Emission Spectrometry) \u2013 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: ph\u00f3ng tia l\u1eeda trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ar l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eabu; nguy\u00ean t\u1eed k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 quang ph\u1ed5; \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea3i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1: t\u1eeb C, S, P, B, N \u0111\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Cu, Ti, Nb, V, Co, W&#8230;).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c C, P, S, B v\u00e0 (t\u00f9y c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh) N \u1edf m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn \u2192 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u00e0 304L; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng cho t\u1ea5m, thanh, \u1ed1ng, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u00e1n ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (\u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh tia l\u1eeda ~6\u201310 mm).<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Ar tinh khi\u1ebft (th\u01b0\u1eddng 99,999%).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tham kh\u1ea3o (thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb lab hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1t):<br \/>\n  &#8211; C: \u00b10,003\u20130,005%; P\/S: \u00b10,002\u20130,005%; Cr\/Ni\/Mo: \u00b10,02\u20130,05%.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng: ASTM E1086 (stainless), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CRM truy xu\u1ea5t NIST\/ERM\/BCS \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n\/ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Khi d\u00f9ng: ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c theo ASTM\/EN; ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u201cL\u201d (\u22640,03%C); ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t P, S; gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh ch\u1ea5p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h3>3) GDOES (Glow Discharge OES) \u2013 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u (depth profiling) l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\/m\u1ea1\/th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, oxit nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u \u1edf v\u00f9ng HAZ.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu\/nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch nhanh, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u; m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf; c\u1ea7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh lab chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p>Khi d\u00f9ng: ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1edbp m\u1ea1, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u1eed l\u00fd pickling\/passivation.<\/p>\n<h3>4) ICP-OES\/ICP-MS \u2013 truy v\u1ebft ppm cho t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: h\u00f2a tan m\u1eabu \u2192 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed h\u00f3a trong plasma; \u0111o ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 (ICP-OES) ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 (ICP-MS).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (ppm \u2192 ppb), \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t Pb, Bi, As, Sn, Sb\u2026<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1eabu; kh\u00f4ng \u0111o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp C, N, O (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: khi c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ee9c ppm cho ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c\/pharma, F&#038;B, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<h3>5) LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) \u2013 nhanh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o C<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m tay ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C \u1edf th\u00e9p \u2192 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304\/304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c C ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng OES trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-quy-trinh-kiem-dinh-inox-tai-phong-lab-chuyen-nghi\">Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Inox t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng lab chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: g\u00e1n m\u00e1c, ki\u1ec3m t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u201cL\u201d, ki\u1ec3m l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, hay \u0111i\u1ec1u tra h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 2. L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu\/Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng\/thanh: m\u00e0i s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u01a1n, d\u1ea7u, c\u00e1u b\u1ea9n, oxit.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n: m\u00e0i ph\u1eb3ng v\u00f9ng \u0111o; tr\u00e1nh v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u n\u1eb7ng n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng cho OES; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m tay sau khi m\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 3. Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; PMI nhanh: XRF\/LIBS c\u1ea7m tay.<br \/>\n  &#8211; K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e1c, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u201cL\u201d: Spark OES (\u01b0u ti\u00ean).<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ppm: ICP-OES\/MS.<br \/>\n  &#8211; L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: GDOES\/SEM-EDS (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n mi\u1ec1n vi m\u00f4).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 4. Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 QC:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng CRM ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ma tr\u1eadn (austenitic, ferritic, duplex).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t (drift), \u0111o m\u1eabu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u1eefa ca.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 5. \u0110o v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 2\u20133 \u0111i\u1ec3m\/chi ti\u1ebft, l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ASTM A240\/EN 10088 cho t\u1eebng m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 6. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u00e8m s\u1ed1 \u0111o t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, CRM, \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111o, \u1ea3nh v\u00f9ng \u0111o; n\u00eau k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn g\u00e1n m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u00f2ng lab \u0111\u1ea1t ISO\/IEC 17025 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-chon-phuong-phap-theo-tinh-huong-thuc-te\">Ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1eadp kho nhanh, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i 304\/316\/201: XRF c\u1ea7m tay (30\u201360 gi\u00e2y\/\u0111i\u1ec3m).<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn 304 hay 304L: Spark OES ho\u1eb7c LIBS (\u01b0u ti\u00ean OES \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn C \u2264 0,03%).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 316 vs 316L: c\u1ea7n C \u2192 OES; XRF ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Mo \u2248 2\u20132,5%.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra 201\/202: XRF\/OES d\u1ef1a Mn cao, Ni th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 N (OES\/LIBS t\u00f9y c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t\/x\u01b0\u1edfng: Spark OES + b\u00e1o c\u00e1o truy xu\u1ea5t CRM; n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ppm th\u00eam ICP-OES\/MS.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1\/\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: GDOES; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 SEM-EDS.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tranh ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: OES (C, P, S) + ICP (tramp elements) trong lab ISO 17025; \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/EN.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-sai-so-va-bay-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">Sai s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1eaby th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea9n, s\u01a1n\/oxit: g\u00e2y l\u1ec7ch XRF v\u00e0 OES; ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ma tr\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch CRM: hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u1ec7ch; d\u00f9ng CRM \u0111\u00fang h\u1ecd th\u00e9p (austenitic\/duplex\/ferritic).<br \/>\n&#8211; XRF \u0111o qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn: sai s\u1ed1 cao v\u1edbi Mo\/Cu\/Nb; t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebfm.<br \/>\n&#8211; OES d\u00f9ng Ar k\u00e9m tinh khi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1ea9n: t\u0103ng n\u1ec1n, l\u1ec7ch C\/S; b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, d\u00f9ng Ar 5.0.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac\/c\u00f3 thi\u00ean t\u00edch: c\u1ea7n \u0111o nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m; tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n\/HAZ: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n; ghi r\u00f5 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111o.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m \u201cL\u201d khi ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng XRF: XRF kh\u00f4ng \u0111o C; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn 304L\/316L b\u1eb1ng XRF.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-vi-du-nhanh-phan-biet-304-304l-316-201\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh: ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304, 304L, 316, 201<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304: Cr ~18\u201320%, Ni ~8\u201311%, C \u2264 0,08%.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L: gi\u1ed1ng 304 nh\u01b0ng C \u2264 0,03% (ch\u1ec9 OES\/LIBS\/\u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn).<br \/>\n&#8211; 316: Cr ~16\u201318%, Ni ~10\u201314%, Mo ~2\u20133%; C \u2264 0,08%.<br \/>\n&#8211; 201: Cr ~16\u201318%, Mn cao (5\u20139%), Ni th\u1ea5p (3,5\u20135,5%), th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 N t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: XRF nhanh \u2192 n\u1ebfu Mo \u2248 2% th\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edbng 316; n\u1ebfu Ni th\u1ea5p, Mn cao \u2192 h\u01b0\u1edbng 201.<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: OES \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o C x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u201cL\u201d; \u0111o P, S \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng luy\u1ec7n kim.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-chi-phi-thoi-gian-ho-so\">Chi ph\u00ed \u2013 th\u1eddi gian \u2013 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1eddi gian:<br \/>\n  &#8211; XRF c\u1ea7m tay: v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c gi\u00e2y\/\u0111i\u1ec3m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; OES: 3\u20135 ph\u00fat\/\u0111i\u1ec3m (t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 m\u00e0i v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed).<br \/>\n  &#8211; ICP: 1\u20132 ng\u00e0y (chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t).<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed: XRF < OES < ICP (t\u00ednh theo s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 truy v\u1ebft).  \n- H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00ean c\u00f3: PO\/l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (ASTM\/EN\/TCVN), ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 Mill Test Certificate (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, \u1ea3nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/sau \u0111o.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; XRF c\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 304L kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  Kh\u00f4ng. XRF kh\u00f4ng \u0111o C. C\u1ea7n OES\/LIBS ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y C.<br \/>\n&#8211; OES c\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c N kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  T\u00f9y c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5; nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o N trong austenitic\/duplex nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cao h\u01a1n C. V\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a tan-inert gas fusion cho N.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ec sao k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 XRF v\u00e0 OES h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c?<br \/>\n  Kh\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. OES th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n cho C, P, S v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong ma tr\u1eadn th\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ISO\/IEC 17025?<br \/>\n  Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t n\u00ean c\u00f3 khi l\u1eadp ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh r\u1ee7i ro cao (d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM E1086 \u2013 Standard Test Method for Optical Emission Vacuum Spectrometric Analysis of Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM E1621 \u2013 Standard Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.<br \/>\n&#8211; API RP 578 \u2013 Material Verification Program for New and Existing Alloy Piping Systems.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240 \/ EN 10088 \u2013 Specification\/Chemical composition ranges for stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bruker Handheld XRF Guide for PMI; Thermo Fisher OES and XRF application notes (PMI in alloys).<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO\/IEC 17025 \u2013 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; XRF l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 PMI nhanh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1c Inox theo nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cL\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Spark OES l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng lab \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c C, P, S v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim, \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1n m\u00e1c 304\/304L\/316\/201\u2026 theo ASTM\/EN.<br \/>\n&#8211; ICP-OES\/MS v\u00e0 GDOES b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 khi c\u1ea7n truy v\u1ebft ppm ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n g\u1ed3m: chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng CRM, \u0111o nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o truy xu\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00e1nh l\u1eabn m\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n\/h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho l\u00f4 Inox c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Inox b\u1eb1ng quang ph\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng lab: OES, XRF, ICP. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304\/304L\/316\/201, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ppm, theo chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/ISO.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1026,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1472"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1472\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}