{"id":1476,"date":"2025-12-26T00:34:46","date_gmt":"2025-12-25T17:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-loai-1-va-loai-2-tai-che-nhan-biet-nhanh-va-rui-ro\/"},"modified":"2025-12-26T00:34:46","modified_gmt":"2025-12-25T17:34:46","slug":"inox-loai-1-va-loai-2-tai-che-nhan-biet-nhanh-va-rui-ro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-loai-1-va-loai-2-tai-che-nhan-biet-nhanh-va-rui-ro\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox lo\u1ea1i 1 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 2 (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf): nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nhanh v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-inox-loai-1-va-loai-2-tai-che-la-gi\">Inox \u201clo\u1ea1i 1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201clo\u1ea1i 2 (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf)\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-su-khac-biet-ky-thuat-then-chot\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-cach-phan-biet-inox-loai-1-va-loai-2-quy-trinh-thu\">C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox lo\u1ea1i 1 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 2: quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-nhung-rui-ro-tiem-an-khi-dung-inox-loai-2-tai-che\">Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n khi d\u00f9ng inox lo\u1ea1i 2 (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ung-dung-nao-chap-nhankhong-chap-nhan-hang-tai-che\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\/kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-gia-ca-va-tin-hieu-nhan-dien-hang-rui-ro\">Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u201ch\u00e0ng r\u1ee7i ro\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-khuyen-nghi-mua-hang-an-toan\">Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb mua h\u00e0ng an to\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-so-sanh-nhanh-loai-1-vs-loai-2-tai-che\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: Lo\u1ea1i 1 vs Lo\u1ea1i 2 (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 inox gi\u1eefa \u201clo\u1ea1i 1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201clo\u1ea1i 2 (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf)\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi 10\u201325%. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n s\u1edbm, n\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch inox lo\u1ea1i 1 vs lo\u1ea1i 2 (h\u00e0ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf\/secondary), c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng mua \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u201cPh\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng inox tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-inox-loai-1-va-loai-2-tai-che-la-gi\">Inox \u201clo\u1ea1i 1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201clo\u1ea1i 2 (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf)\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox lo\u1ea1i 1 (prime): L\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c, \u0111\u00fac luy\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ASTM\/ASME, JIS, EN), c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC\/MTR (Mill Test Certificate), truy xu\u1ea5t l\u00f4 n\u00f3ng (heat number), dung sai v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t theo chu\u1ea9n A480\/A240, JIS G4304\/G4305, EN 10088.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox lo\u1ea1i 2 (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf\/secondary): Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Secondary t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y: Cu\u1ed9n\/t\u1ea5m b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, sai dung sai, over-rolled\u2026 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. C\u00f3 khi \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng \u201coff-spec\u201d.<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00e0ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf\/\u0111\u00fac l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ph\u1ebf: N\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim (Cr, Ni, Mo\u2026) kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb tr\u1ed9n m\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o sai m\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e1n \u201c304\u201d nh\u01b0ng Ni th\u1ea5p).<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00e0ng gia c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i: C\u00e1n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ph\u1ebf \u00e9p, sai chu\u1ea9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, thi\u1ebfu truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: inox lo\u1ea1i 1 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh; lo\u1ea1i 2 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng (ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ecfng). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, t\u00ednh h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-su-khac-biet-ky-thuat-then-chot\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt then ch\u1ed1t<\/h2>\n<h3>1) Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i 1: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ea3i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 304 theo ASTM A240\/ISO 15510 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 Cr 18.0\u201320.0%, Ni 8.0\u201310.5%, C \u22640.08% (304L \u22640.03%), Mn \u22642.0%, P \u22640.045%, S \u22640.03%. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng pitting \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i 2 (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf): Th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3m Ni v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c Cr \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1, t\u0103ng Mn\/N\/Cu \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cb\u00f9\u201d, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u1ee9c Ni th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha austenit, d\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i, gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cr d\u01b0\u1edbi 17\u201318% l\u00e0m m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u1ebfu, d\u1ec5 r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u, pitting s\u1edbm.<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t S, P cao g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng khi h\u00e0n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 dai.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1i 2 \u0111\u00f4i khi g\u1eafn m\u00e1c \u201cSUS304\u201d nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf g\u1ea7n 201\/430 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n pha. Ch\u1ec9 PMI\/XRF m\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh.<\/p>\n<h3>2) C\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i 1: \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y (yield) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n; m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u1edbi que 308L\/316L \u00edt n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd; h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng S, P th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i 2: \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1ec5 r\u00e1ch m\u00e9p khi ch\u1ea5n; t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng; bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u h\u00e0n kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i 1: Dung sai theo ASTM A480\/JIS G4305. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ea5m l\u00e1 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i 1.5 mm c\u00f3 dung sai nh\u1ecf, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/BA\/HL \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, \u00edt v\u1ebft s\u00f3ng, \u00edt pinhole.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i 2: Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y m\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, sai s\u1ed1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1eabn v\u1ebft s\u00f3ng, rolling mark, nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u, d\u1ea7u b\u1ea9n, film b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<h3>4) Truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i 1: C\u00f3 MTC\/MTR ghi r\u00f5 m\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, heat number, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y luy\u1ec7n, l\u00f2 nung.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i 2: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd chung chung, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp nh\u00e3n cu\u1ed9n\/t\u1ea5m, thi\u1ebfu heat number.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-cach-phan-biet-inox-loai-1-va-loai-2-quy-trinh-thu\">C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox lo\u1ea1i 1 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 2: quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 checklist 10\u201315 ph\u00fat cho \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng\/QA, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nhanh. V\u1edbi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng, lu\u00f4n d\u00f9ng th\u00eam PMI\/XRF.<\/p>\n<h3>A. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MTC\/MTR c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng heat; \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu m\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASTM A240\/A480, JIS G4304\/4305, EN 10088), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u00e3n coil\/t\u1ea5m: t\u00ean nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, s\u1ed1 coil\/heat, m\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (2B\/BA\/No.1\/HL), l\u00f4 ng\u00e0y. Nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 MTC ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u00e0 so\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, dung sai, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\/kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h3>B. Ki\u1ec3m tra ngo\u1ea1i quan v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng panme; so dung sai v\u1edbi ASTM A480\/JIS. Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbn l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u off-spec\/secondary.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: v\u1ebft s\u00f3ng, h\u1ea1t cam (orange peel), v\u1ebft k\u00e9o, pinhole, r\u1ed7 \u0111en, film b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bong tr\u00f3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea1nh x\u1ebb: ba via l\u1edbn, l\u1eb9m c\u1ea1nh, cong v\u00eanh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h3>C. Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m: ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc s\u01a1 b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/316 lo\u1ea1i 1 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i h\u00fat sau gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i. 201 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9; 430 h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: nam ch\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 430 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n pha r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 lo\u1ea1i 1 v\u1edbi \u201c304\u201d t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf Ni th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3>D. Th\u1eed h\u00e0n nhanh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0n TIG\/MIG m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn, quan s\u00e1t: b\u1ec3 h\u00e0n, r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng, bavia ch\u00e1y. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t cao d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7\/n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ea1ng \u201cpass\/fail\u201d h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h3>E. Th\u1eed h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Mo (\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u00e0 316) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 test Nickel spot cho nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 Ni. L\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng axit nitric lo\u00e3ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf: th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n \u00edt \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u; th\u00e9p th\u1ea5p Cr d\u1ec5 x\u1ec9n\/r\u1ec9 nhanh. Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf PMI.<\/p>\n<h3>F. PMI\/XRF \u2013 b\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng m\u00e1y PMI c\u1ea7m tay (XRF\/OES) \u0111o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho %Cr, %Ni, %Mo, Mn, Cu, Nb\u2026 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang theo th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u00e1y.<br \/>\n&#8211; So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 15510\/ASTM A240. N\u1ebfu Ni\/Cr th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf\/sai m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1eadp bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n PMI k\u00e8m s\u1ed1 heat, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111o; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-nhung-rui-ro-tiem-an-khi-dung-inox-loai-2-tai-che\">Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n khi d\u00f9ng inox lo\u1ea1i 2 (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf)<\/h2>\n<h3>1) \u0102n m\u00f2n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ni\/Cr th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, d\u1ec5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ec9 n\u00e2u sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n\/th\u00e1ng \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Pitting\/crevice corrosion quanh m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p, c\u1ea1nh c\u1eaft; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda c\u00f3 Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng: l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u \u201c\u1ed5n\u201d, l\u00f4 sau r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t nhanh \u2013 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h3>2) M\u1ed1i h\u00e0n n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng, gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u01b0\u1ee3ng S, P t\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha k\u00e9m g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng; m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n gi\u00f2n, d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t sau rung \u0111\u1ed9ng\/va \u0111\u1eadp.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh \u2013 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1ed7\/pitting gi\u1eef b\u1ea9n, kh\u00f3 CIP\/SIP. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng F&#038;B, d\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t GMP\/HACCP\/ISO 22000 khi ki\u1ec3m tra.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i t\u0103ng n\u1ebfu m\u00e1c sai ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n<h3>4) Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t nghi\u1ec7m thu \u2013 r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ASTM\/JIS\/EN theo h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u1eddi th\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. B\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c (b\u1ed3n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, \u1ed1ng \u00e1p), d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u off-spec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h3>5) Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi cao h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Thay th\u1ebf s\u1edbm, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ng\u1eebng m\u00e1y ngo\u00e0i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ung-dung-nao-chap-nhankhong-chap-nhan-hang-tai-che\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\/kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; N\u00ean tr\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1i 2 trong: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, b\u1ed3n\/\u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc (r\u1ea5t th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng) v\u1edbi: \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 t\u1ea1m, che ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/\u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u2013 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-gia-ca-va-tin-hieu-nhan-dien-hang-rui-ro\">Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u201ch\u00e0ng r\u1ee7i ro\u201d<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng so v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 so v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng Ni (tham chi\u1ebfu LME) l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u00e9 cung c\u1ea5p MTC\/PMI, ho\u1eb7c MTC kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng nh\u00e3n coil\/heat, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eadp m\u1edd, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea3 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eddi gian giao qu\u00e1 nhanh v\u1edbi l\u00f4 \u201c\u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-khuyen-nghi-mua-hang-an-toan\">Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb mua h\u00e0ng an to\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<h3>1) Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ngay t\u1eeb PO<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ghi r\u00f5: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (ASTM A240\/A480 cho t\u1ea5m; ASTM A312 cho \u1ed1ng; ASTM A554 cho \u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed; ASTM A276 cho thanh\u2026), m\u00e1c (304\/304L\/316L\u2026), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (2B\/BA\/No.1\/HL), dung sai, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MTC theo heat.<br \/>\n&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u PMI ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 10% s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m\/l\u00f4). Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\/kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed n\u1ebfu sai m\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3>2) L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kho b\u00e3i chu\u1ea9n, quy tr\u00ecnh QA, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu ti\u00ean nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cung \u1ee9ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 PMI t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<h3>3) Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh QA\/QC t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng: t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u2013 ngo\u1ea1i quan \u2013 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 th\u1eed nhanh \u2013 PMI.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ni\u00eam phong v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly l\u00f4 nghi ng\u1edd; kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-so-sanh-nhanh-loai-1-vs-loai-2-tai-che\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: Lo\u1ea1i 1 vs Lo\u1ea1i 2 (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: lo\u1ea1i 1 n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ea3i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n; lo\u1ea1i 2 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu Ni\/Cr.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\/dung sai: lo\u1ea1i 1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, chu\u1ea9n; lo\u1ea1i 2 d\u1ec5 off-spec, v\u1ebft s\u00f3ng\/pinhole.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n: lo\u1ea1i 1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; lo\u1ea1i 2 d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t\/r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd: lo\u1ea1i 1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; lo\u1ea1i 2 kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0103n m\u00f2n s\u1edbm.<br \/>\n&#8211; Truy xu\u1ea5t: lo\u1ea1i 1 c\u00f3 MTC\/heat; lo\u1ea1i 2 thi\u1ebfu\/ch\u1eafp v\u00e1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u00e1: lo\u1ea1i 2 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A480 \u2013 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea5m\/l\u00e1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung v\u1ec1 dung sai, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. ASTM International: https:\/\/www.astm.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 15510 \u2013 H\u00f3a ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. ISO: https:\/\/www.iso.org<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Guidelines for selection and use of stainless steels: https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ISSF (International Stainless Steel Forum) \u2013 Stainless Steel in Figures\/Guidelines: https:\/\/www.worldstainless.org<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook \u2013 Tham chi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng: https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa inox lo\u1ea1i 1 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 2 (t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf) n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. Lo\u1ea1i 1 cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, t\u00ednh h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; lo\u1ea1i 2 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n s\u1edbm, n\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi cao. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, h\u00e3y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u (MTC), ki\u1ec3m tra ngo\u1ea1i quan \u2013 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m\/h\u00e0n\/h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ee9c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng PMI\/XRF \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan an to\u00e0n, v\u1ec7 sinh ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng inox lo\u1ea1i 1 \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m tra, PMI t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox lo\u1ea1i 1 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 2 (h\u00e0ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf) b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, th\u1eed PMI, nam ch\u00e2m, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. N\u00eau r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n, sai m\u00e1c, ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1059,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1476"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}