{"id":1485,"date":"2025-12-28T12:35:24","date_gmt":"2025-12-28T05:35:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/cach-doc-bang-bao-gia-inox-giai-ma-tung-muc-tranh-sai-sot\/"},"modified":"2025-12-28T12:35:24","modified_gmt":"2025-12-28T05:35:24","slug":"cach-doc-bang-bao-gia-inox-giai-ma-tung-muc-tranh-sai-sot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/cach-doc-bang-bao-gia-inox-giai-ma-tung-muc-tranh-sai-sot\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3ng b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 Inox: gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c, tr\u00e1nh sai s\u00f3t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-bang-bao-gia-inox-gom-nhung-gi-so-do-tong-quat\">B\u1ea3ng b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 Inox g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-giai-ma-tung-truong-thong-tin\">Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tin<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-vi-du-doc-mot-dong-bao-gia-minh-hoa\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 (minh h\u1ecda)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-checklist-15-diem-kiem-tra-truoc-khi-chot-don\">Checklist 15 \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u01a1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-cac-sai-sot-pho-bien-va-cach-tranh\">C\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-bang-quy-doi-nhanh-va-cong-thuc-can-nho\">B\u1ea3ng quy \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-cau-hoi-nen-dat-cho-nha-cung-cap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-meo-thuong-thao-de-chot-gia-tot\">M\u1eb9o th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1t gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-khi-nao-nen-yeu-cau-bao-gia-thay-the-value-enginee\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 thay th\u1ebf (value engineering)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 Inox t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 sai n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm r\u00f5 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, dung sai, c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft, th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong C\u1ea9m nang Mua h\u00e0ng Inox d\u00e0nh cho Doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-bang-bao-gia-inox-gom-nhung-gi-so-do-tong-quat\">B\u1ea3ng b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 Inox g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 Inox \u201cchu\u1ea9n\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u00f4ng tin:<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: lo\u1ea1i (t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n\/\u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p\/thanh), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p (c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng\/c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i; \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e1c\/th\u00e9p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 304\/304L\/316L\/201\/430; ASTM\/EN\/JIS t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy c\u00e1ch: \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u2013 kh\u1ed5 \u2013 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i (t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh\/schedule (\u1ed1ng), b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (2B, BA, HL, No.4, No.1), ph\u1ee7 PVC.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung sai: \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng theo chu\u1ea9n (ASTM A480 cho t\u1ea5m; ASTM A312\/A554 cho \u1ed1ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh gi\u00e1: theo kg l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, theo t\u1ea5m, theo m\u00e9t (\u1ed1ng); quy \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01a1n gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed: c\u1eaft x\u1ebb, n\u1eafn ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, ph\u1ee7 film, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n; VAT.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i: giao h\u00e0ng, th\u1eddi gian giao, hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1, thanh to\u00e1n, sai s\u1ed1 giao nh\u1eadn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb &#038; ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh: CO, CQ\/MTC 3.1 (EN 10204), test PMI, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-giai-ma-tung-truong-thong-tin\">Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tin<\/h2>\n<h3>M\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 (Cr-Mn-Ni th\u1ea5p), 304\/304L (18\/8 \u2013 d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i), 316\/316L (c\u00f3 Mo, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clo t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n), 430 (ferritic, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 \u2248 X5CrNi18-10 (EN 1.4301) \u2248 SUS304 (JIS) \u2248 AISI 304.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316L \u2248 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 (EN 1.4404) \u2248 SUS316L (JIS).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<br \/>\n  &#8211; T\u1ea5m\/coil: ASTM A240 (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m) + ASTM A480 (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung, dung sai).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: ASTM A312 (seamless\/welded), k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc theo ASME B36.19M (schedule 5S\/10S\/40S&#8230;).<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ed0ng trang tr\u00ed, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed: ASTM A554 (\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304L\/316L l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n low carbon (\u22640.03%) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh; gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 304\/316 t\u00f9y th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u201cnam ch\u00e2m\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201\/304 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i; c\u1ea7n MTC\/PMI.<\/p>\n<h3>Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/coil c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i (CR): b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/BA, dung sai ch\u1eb7t, d\u00f9ng cho gia c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, trang tr\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/plate c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng (HR\/No.1): d\u00e0y, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4, d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n (Welded): ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, kinh t\u1ebf. \u1ed0ng \u0111\u00fac (Seamless): cho \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed9p\/\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed (ASTM A554): vu\u00f4ng\/ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cao.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy c\u00e1ch &#038; dung sai (\u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u201cl\u1ec7ch h\u00e0ng\u201d)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/coil:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y danh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 dung sai: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 2.0 mm dung sai -0\/+0.08 mm (ASTM A480, c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u1ed5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: 1219 mm (4 ft), 1500 mm, 1000 mm; chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 2438\/3048 mm ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 cong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ASTM A480; n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n n\u1eafn ph\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Theo ASTM A312 (c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p): quy c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng NPS\/schedule (10S\/40S\u2026) ho\u1eb7c OD x WT. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1\u201d sch 10S = OD 33.4 mm, WT 2.77 mm.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Theo ASTM A554 (trang tr\u00ed): OD\/WT ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, dung sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y nh\u1ecf, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t #4\/HL\/BA.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (finish):<br \/>\n  &#8211; No.1: c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9. 2B: c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i m\u1edd m\u1ecbn. BA: \u1ee7 s\u00e1ng, b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng. No.4\/#4: x\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecbn. HL: hairline, x\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ebfu gia c\u00f4ng th\u00eam (\u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, hairline), h\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Ra) v\u00e0 phim b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh &#038; quy \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 inox austenitic (304\/316): 7.93 g\/cm3 (7,930 kg\/m3). D\u00f9ng cho quy \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/plate:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (kg) = d(mm) \u00d7 W(mm) \u00d7 L(mm) \u00d7 7.93 \u00d7 10^-6.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u1ea5m 304 2.0 \u00d7 1219 \u00d7 2438 mm \u2192 2 \u00d7 1219 \u00d7 2438 \u00d7 7.93e-6 \u2248 47.1 kg\/t\u1ea5m.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng tr\u00f2n (OD = \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i, t = \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb mm):<br \/>\n  &#8211; kg\/m = 0.02490 \u00d7 (OD \u00d7 t \u2212 t^2).<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5: OD 38.1, t 1.2 \u2192 kg\/m \u2248 0.02490 \u00d7 (45.72 \u2212 1.44) \u2248 1.10 kg\/m.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng\/ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt (B, H l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh, t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, mm):<br \/>\n  &#8211; kg\/m = 0.00793 \u00d7 t \u00d7 [2 \u00d7 (B + H) \u2212 4t].<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u201cTheo kg l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft\u201d kh\u00e1c \u201ckg th\u1ef1c c\u00e2n\u201d do dung sai; h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n sai s\u1ed1 giao nh\u1eadn (\u00b13\u20135%).<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 theo t\u1ea5m\/m\u00e9t, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn n\u00ean quy \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\/kg \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u00e1, ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed v\u00e0 VAT<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u01a1n gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Theo kg l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5m\/coil\/plate).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Theo t\u1ea5m (k\u00edch c\u1ee1 chu\u1ea9n) ho\u1eb7c theo m\u00e9t (\u1ed1ng\/h\u1ed9p).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u1eaft x\u1ebb\/chi b\u0103ng: t\u00ednh \u0111\/kg ho\u1eb7c \u0111\/m2.<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1eafn ph\u1eb3ng\/c\u00e1n ph\u1eb3ng: \u0111\/kg.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u1ee7 PVC 1\u20132 m\u1eb7t (50\u201380 \u03bcm): \u0111\/m2 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\/kg.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc HL\/#4, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng BA\/mirror: \u0111\/m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\/kg.<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ki\u1ec7n g\u1ed7\/ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m: \u0111\/ki\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh\/ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh: theo km\/kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thu\u1ebf VAT: th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng 10% cho inox t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam (tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch). B\u00e1o gi\u00e1 c\u1ea7n ghi r\u00f5 \u201c\u0111\u00e3\/ ch\u01b0a bao g\u1ed3m VAT\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Inox ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi gi\u00e1 Nickel\/Cr\/Mo; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 k\u00e8m \u201cph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p kim\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng, thanh to\u00e1n, hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Giao h\u00e0ng: giao t\u1ea1i kho (EXW) hay giao \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh (ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ph\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian, \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ee7i ro).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eddi gian giao: h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho hay \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eadp (lead time 7\u201345 ng\u00e0y t\u00f9y lo\u1ea1i).<br \/>\n&#8211; Hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1: th\u01b0\u1eddng 3\u20137 ng\u00e0y; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thanh to\u00e1n: chuy\u1ec3n kho\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/COD\/ c\u00f4ng n\u1ee3 (k\u00e8m h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb).<br \/>\n&#8211; Sai s\u1ed1 giao nh\u1eadn: ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00b13\u20135% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i; ghi r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\/thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb &#038; ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; CO (Certificate of Origin): xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 (Vi\u1ec7t Nam\/\u0110\u00e0i Loan\/\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\/Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; CQ\/MTC 3.1 (EN 10204): th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, l\u00f4 luy\u1ec7n kim.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng: ASTM A240\/A480 (t\u1ea5m), ASTM A312\/A554 (\u1ed1ng), ASME B36.19M (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 sung theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: PMI (Positive Material Identification), ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-vi-du-doc-mot-dong-bao-gia-minh-hoa\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 (minh h\u1ecda)<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng b\u00e1o gi\u00e1:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cInox 304 CR, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B, t\u1ea5m 2.0 \u00d7 1219 \u00d7 2438 mm, ASTM A240\/A480, dung sai d\u00e0y \u22120\/+0.08 mm, PVC 1 m\u1eb7t; Gi\u00e1 62,500 \u0111\/kg (ch\u01b0a VAT), t\u00ednh theo kg l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft; Ph\u00ed c\u1eaft x\u1ebb: 200 \u0111\/kg; Giao t\u1ea1i kho H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i; Hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c 5 ng\u00e0y; CO, MTC 3.1.\u201d<br \/>\nC\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gia c\u00f4ng (CR, 2B). Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00fang (A240\/A480). Dung sai ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy \u0111\u1ed5i: 47.1 kg\/t\u1ea5m \u2192 ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng \u2248 2,944,000 \u0111\/t\u1ea5m; c\u1ed9ng c\u1eaft x\u1ebb (n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u); VAT +10%.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ed5 sung: c\u00f3 PVC 1 m\u1eb7t (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khi gia c\u00f4ng), \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m giao, hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201c\u1ed0ng h\u00e0n 304 ASTM A554, OD 38.1 \u00d7 1.2 mm, HL #4, thanh 6 m; Gi\u00e1 40,800 \u0111\/m (\u0111\u00e3 g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc), dung sai OD \u00b10.20 mm, giao n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed.\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy \u0111\u1ed5i: \u22481.10 kg\/m \u2192 gi\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2248 37,000 \u0111\/kg (minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-checklist-15-diem-kiem-tra-truoc-khi-chot-don\">Checklist 15 \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u01a1n<\/h2>\n<p>1) M\u00e1c th\u00e9p \u0111\u00fang (304 vs 201; 316 vs 316L; 430).<br \/>\n2) Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\/\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang (ASTM\/EN\/JIS; A312 vs A554; A240\/A480).<br \/>\n3) Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (CR\/HR; \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac).<br \/>\n4) Quy c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc\/\u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n5) B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (2B\/BA\/No.4\/HL\/No.1) v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u film PVC (m\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t).<br \/>\n6) \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh (kg\/t\u1ea5m\/m\u00e9t) + c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hay th\u1ef1c c\u00e2n).<br \/>\n7) \u0110\u01a1n gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3\/ch\u01b0a VAT; m\u1ee9c VAT % ghi r\u00f5.<br \/>\n8) Ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed (c\u1eaft x\u1ebb, n\u1eafn ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, film, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n).<br \/>\n9) \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng (t\u1ea1i kho\/\u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i), th\u1eddi gian giao.<br \/>\n10) Hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khi gi\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n11) \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thanh to\u00e1n (\u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng n\u1ee3, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb).<br \/>\n12) Sai s\u1ed1 giao nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn (\u00b13\u20135%) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea7n ch\u00eanh.<br \/>\n13) CO, CQ\/MTC 3.1; xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 PMI khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n14) Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: passivation, pickling, vi\u1ec1n m\u00e0i m\u00e9p, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n15) \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea3\/b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, m\u00f3p m\u00e9o do v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-cac-sai-sot-pho-bien-va-cach-tranh\">C\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m m\u00e1c 201 v\u1edbi 304: lu\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u CQ\/MTC, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc test PMI cho h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c quan tr\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y danh ngh\u0129a vs th\u1ef1c: ki\u1ec3m dung sai ASTM A480; t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7ch v\u1edbi c\u00e2n th\u1ef1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng: A554 (trang tr\u00ed) kh\u00f4ng thay cho A312 (c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\/\u00e1p l\u1ef1c).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m schedule \u1ed1ng: NPS 1\u201d sch 10S \u2260 1.5 mm; ph\u1ea3i tra b\u1ea3ng ASME B36.19M.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t No.4 v\u1edbi HL: th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 film b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed: c\u1eaft x\u1ebb, film, n\u1eafn ph\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9i gi\u00e1 3\u20138%.<br \/>\n&#8211; Hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m VAT\/\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao: gi\u00e1 \u201ct\u1ea1i kho\u201d nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cgiao \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i\u201d \u2192 ch\u00eanh chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ecf qua hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1 Ni bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2192 ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u01a1n tr\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ed9i gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-bang-quy-doi-nhanh-va-cong-thuc-can-nho\">B\u1ea3ng quy \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m: kg\/t\u1ea5m \u2248 d \u00d7 W \u00d7 L \u00d7 7.93e-6 (mm, kg).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng tr\u00f2n: kg\/m \u2248 0.02490 \u00d7 (OD \u00d7 t \u2212 t^2) (mm, kg).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed9p vu\u00f4ng\/ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt: kg\/m \u2248 0.00793 \u00d7 t \u00d7 [2(B + H) \u2212 4t] (mm, kg).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu: 304\/316 \u2248 7.93; 430 \u2248 7.70\u20137.75 g\/cm3.<br \/>\n&#8211; So s\u00e1nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: No.1 (th\u00f4) < 2B (m\u1ecbn) < BA (b\u00f3ng) | No.4\/HL (x\u01b0\u1edbc trang tr\u00ed).\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-cau-hoi-nen-dat-cho-nha-cung-cap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u201cB\u00e1o gi\u00e1 theo kg l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hay c\u00e2n th\u1ef1c? Dung sai giao nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201c\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 MTC 3.1 theo EN 10204 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cB\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/BA\/HL c\u00f3 film m\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t? \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y film?\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cPh\u1ee5 ph\u00ed g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn [\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m] t\u00ednh ra sao?\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cHi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo gi\u00e1 Ni th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p CO xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 cho test PMI t\u1ea1i kho kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-meo-thuong-thao-de-chot-gia-tot\">M\u1eb9o th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1t gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch gi\u00e1 n\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed gia c\u00f4ng\/film\/v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh t\u00e1o\u2013t\u00e1o.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u quy c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft t\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 coil (1.219\/1.5 m) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m hao h\u1ee5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 304L thay 304 (th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00eanh gi\u00e1) n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi \u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1eb7t theo m\u00e9t nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\/kg \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ed1t nhanh trong hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng; xin \u201cgi\u1eef gi\u00e1\u201d ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-khi-nao-nen-yeu-cau-bao-gia-thay-the-value-enginee\">Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 thay th\u1ebf (value engineering)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 201\/430 thay 304 (sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i\/clorua: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L thay 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng trang tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p: ASTM A554 thay v\u00ec A312 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: No.4 thay HL khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0i; ho\u1eb7c 2B thay BA n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 Inox, h\u00e3y \u0111i theo tr\u1ee5c: m\u00e1c\/ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u2192 quy c\u00e1ch\/dung sai \u2192 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t &#038; film \u2192 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh &#038; quy \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2192 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1 &#038; ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed \u2192 VAT \u2192 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng, thanh to\u00e1n, hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u2192 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb CQ\/CO. Lu\u00f4n quy \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\/kg \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, ki\u1ec3m tra dung sai theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed ngay trong b\u00e1o gi\u00e1. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n checklist 15 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sai s\u00f3t, ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u01a1n nhanh v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\nC\u1ea7n b\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o:<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M v\u00e0 ASTM A480\/A480M \u2013 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung v\u00e0 dung sai cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea5m inox (astm.org).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A312\/A312M \u2013 \u1ed0ng inox c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; ASTM A554 \u2013 \u1ed0ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/trang tr\u00ed (astm.org).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME B36.19M \u2013 K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng inox schedule (asme.org).<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10204 \u2013 Types of inspection documents: ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 3.1 (CEN\/Wikipedia).<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088 \u2013 Stainless steels: danh m\u1ee5c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 danh \u0111\u1ecbnh (CEN\/Wikipedia).<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu \u2013 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t inox: 2B, BA, No.4, HL (outokumpu.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; Engineering Toolbox \u2013 Density of stainless steel grades (engineeringtoolbox.com).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3ng b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 Inox: m\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, quy c\u00e1ch, dung sai, c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh gi\u00e1, ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed, VAT, CO\/CQ. Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, ch\u1ed1t gi\u00e1 chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1054,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1485"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1485\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}