{"id":1550,"date":"2026-01-14T00:44:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T17:44:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-lop-mang-crom-tu-phuc-hoi-hoat-dong-3\/"},"modified":"2026-01-14T00:44:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T17:44:09","slug":"co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-lop-mang-crom-tu-phuc-hoi-hoat-dong-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/co-che-chong-gi-cua-inox-bi-mat-lop-mang-crom-tu-phuc-hoi-hoat-dong-3\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a inox: B\u00ed m\u1eadt l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-lop-mang-crom-passive-film-la-gi\">L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom (passive film) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-tai-sao-inox-van-co-the-gi\">T\u1ea1i sao inox v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ec9?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-mang-thu-dong-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao-o-cap-do-dien-\">M\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u2013 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-toi-uu-chong-gi-tu-khau-vat-lieu-den-lap-dat\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-lam-sach-tay-gi-thu-dong-quy-trinh-thuc-te\">L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-kiem-soat-trong-van-hanh-va-bao-tri\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-so-sanh-inox-voi-thep-carbon-mason-ve-co-che-chong\">So s\u00e1nh inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon m\u1ea1\/s\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-cac-kich-ban-ung-dung-pho-bien-tai-viet-nam\">C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom oxit c\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u201cb\u00ed m\u1eadt\u201d khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00eda sau l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 n\u00f3, c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong gia c\u00f4ng \u2013 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u2013 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay trong nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-lop-mang-crom-passive-film-la-gi\">L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom (passive film) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t: Khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom trong th\u00e9p \u226510,5% v\u00e0 carbon \u22641,2% (theo EN 10088), crom tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi oxy \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp Cr2O3 c\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: 2Cr + 3\/2 O2 \u2192 Cr2O3.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y: th\u01b0\u1eddng 1\u20133 nm, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn ~5 nm t\u00f9y m\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u00f9 m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi t\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i: Khi b\u1ecb x\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 oxy (trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u oxy h\u00f2a tan), l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng s\u1ebd t\u00e1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ph\u00fat.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c \u201cl\u1edbp ph\u1ee7\u201d: Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng s\u01a1n, m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm hay ph\u1ee7 epoxy, inox kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ngo\u00e0i. T\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng oxit n\u1ed9i sinh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u2013 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Cr (crom): N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u0103ng Cr l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Mo (molypden): T\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 (pitting) v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf (crevice) do Cl-. Mo gi\u00fap m\u00e0ng t\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ni (niken): \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha austenit (d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng, h\u00e0n), gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; N (nit\u01a1): T\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u00e9p duplex\/austenit cao nit\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-tai-sao-inox-van-co-the-gi\">T\u1ea1i sao inox v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ec9?<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ion chloride (Cl-): T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, h\u01a1i m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebfu oxy: Trong khe h\u1edf k\u00edn, gio\u0103ng, bavia, ch\u1ed3ng l\u1eafp, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecdng \u2013 m\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i b\u1edfi oxy \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4\/\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft: Nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n h\u1ea1t s\u1eaft t\u1eeb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e9p carbon, x\u1ec9 h\u00e0n, v\u1ea3y oxit nhi\u1ec7t (heat tint) l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu m\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed axit m\u1ea1nh: HCl, H2SO4 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m k\u1ebft tinh (sensitization): \u1ede 450\u2013850\u00b0C, cacbit Cr c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu C cao, l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o Cr c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng d\u00f9ng 304L\/316L (C th\u1ea5p) ho\u1eb7c 321\/347 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng Ti\/Nb).<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (SCC): Austenit nh\u01b0 304\/316 d\u1ec5 SCC trong dung d\u1ecbch Cl- \u1edf >60\u00b0C d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o. Duplex (2205) kh\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7<\/h3>\n<p>PREN \u2248 %Cr + 3,3 \u00d7 %Mo + 16 \u00d7 %N<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: ~18\u201319 \u2192 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba, \u00edt Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L: ~24\u201326 \u2192 t\u1ed1t cho v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: ~34\u201336 \u2192 kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd h\u1edf r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-mang-thu-dong-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao-o-cap-do-dien-\">M\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u2013 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: Tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ebf\u2013pH (Pourbaix), inox n\u1eb1m trong mi\u1ec1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Cr2O3 \u1edf pH trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 oxy. D\u00f2ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf (\u03bcA\/cm\u00b2).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9: Cl- t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (Epit). Sau khi \u201c\u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7\u201d, b\u00ean trong h\u1ed1 r\u1ed7 tr\u1edf n\u00ean axit v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu oxy, \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ef1 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Mo\/N gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng Epit v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c t\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-toi-uu-chong-gi-tu-khau-vat-lieu-den-lap-dat\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao nh\u01b0ng \u00edt s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i: 304\/304L v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n 2B\/BA\/No.4 m\u1ecbn.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn, b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec5m mu\u1ed1i gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a: 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u201c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0\u201d (tea-staining); \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L ho\u1eb7c 304 v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i clorine: 316L t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u; k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t cao xem x\u00e9t duplex 2205.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e0ng m\u1ecbn (BA, No.4 m\u1ecbn, hairline chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng) c\u00e0ng \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eef mu\u1ed1i\/b\u1ee5i \u2192 kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u00e1nh khe h\u1edf, h\u1ed1c b\u1ea9n; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, m\u00e9p u\u1ed1n k\u00edn, tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ed3ng l\u1eafp t\u1ea1o capillary.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng &#038; h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox (b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i inox\/nylon), kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Sau h\u00e0n, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf heat tint v\u00e0 v\u1ea3y oxit b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 (pickling) r\u1ed3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (passivation) theo ASTM A380\/A967 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Cr b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng filler ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 316L cho chi ti\u1ebft 316L), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-lam-sach-tay-gi-thu-dong-quy-trinh-thuc-te\">L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda trung t\u00ednh (pH 6\u20138); r\u1eeda tr\u00e1ng k\u1ef9; lau kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a Cl- (thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y, HCl), b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i th\u00e9p carbon, b\u1ed9t m\u00e0i th\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1ed1 tr\u00e0\/r\u1ec9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb9:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u1eb9 (axit citric lo\u00e3ng) ho\u1eb7c gel t\u1ea9y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho inox; r\u1eeda k\u1ef9 sau x\u1eed l\u00fd.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau gia c\u00f4ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Pickling: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit (th\u01b0\u1eddng HNO3 + HF d\u1ea1ng gel\/dung d\u1ecbch) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit nhi\u1ec7t, s\u1ec9 h\u00e0n. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Passivation: Nitric ho\u1eb7c citric theo ASTM A967 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u Cr b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra: Th\u1eed \u201cwater-break free\u201d (n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea3i m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u), th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i (theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n), ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan sau l\u00e3o h\u00f3a \u1ea9m. Tham kh\u1ea3o ASTM A380\/A967 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-kiem-soat-trong-van-hanh-va-bao-tri\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1eadp l\u1ecbch v\u1ec7 sinh theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba: 3\u20136 th\u00e1ng\/l\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ee5i \u2013 mu\u1ed1i: 1\u20133 th\u00e1ng\/l\u1ea7n. R\u1eeda \u00e1p l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi khi thi c\u00f4ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ph\u1ee7 film PE; th\u00e1o b\u1ecf s\u1edbm sau l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Tr\u00e1nh h\u00e0n\/c\u1eaft th\u00e9p carbon g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c inox, d\u00f9ng ch\u1eafn tia l\u1eeda.<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7:<br \/>\n  &#8211; V\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc: m\u00e0i tinh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng gel citric\/nitric.<br \/>\n  &#8211; R\u1ed7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea9y c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng gel pickling, r\u1eeda \u2013 trung h\u00f2a \u2013 passivate.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-so-sanh-inox-voi-thep-carbon-mason-ve-co-che-chong\">So s\u00e1nh inox v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon m\u1ea1\/s\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox: Ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 nh\u1edd m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o; v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i khi c\u00f3 oxy.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm\/s\u01a1n: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 hy sinh\/c\u00e1ch ly. Khi b\u1ecb c\u1eaft x\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0103n m\u00f2n lan nhanh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/\u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed5ng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi: Inox th\u01b0\u1eddng chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eeba\u2013n\u1eb7ng nh\u1edd gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-cac-kich-ban-ung-dung-pho-bien-tai-viet-nam\">C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lan can, bi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: 304 v\u1edbi No.4 m\u1ecbn ho\u1eb7c BA; v\u1ec7 sinh 3\u20136 th\u00e1ng\/l\u1ea7n. Khu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn b\u1ee5i\/kh\u00f3i: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ven bi\u1ec3n (\u0110\u1ed3 S\u01a1n, S\u1ea7m S\u01a1n, V\u0169ng T\u00e0u): 316L\/duplex 2205; tr\u00e1nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 th\u00f4; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: 304\/316L b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t BA\/No.4 m\u1ecbn; lu\u00f4n passivation sau h\u00e0n; v\u1ec7 sinh theo SOP, tr\u00e1nh clo t\u1ef1 do.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ed3 b\u01a1i clorine\/ph\u00f2ng x\u00f4ng: \u01afu ti\u00ean 316L; tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Cl-; th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ed1t gi\u1ea3m SCC.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 304 c\u00f3 g\u1ec9 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u201c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0\u201d n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4, b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. Ch\u1ecdn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ecbn, v\u1ec7 sinh theo l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng 316L \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n passivation sau h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng? N\u00ean. H\u00e0n t\u1ea1o oxit nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o Cr b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; pickling + passivation ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u00ednh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ASTM A380\/A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y (chlorine) \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb. Ion Cl- \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2y r\u1ed7. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y trung t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e0ng m\u1ecbn c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf vi m\u00f4, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A380\/A380M \u2013 Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A967\/A967M \u2013 Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088 \u2013 Stainless steels \u2013 List of stainless steel grades and compositions.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute: Technical Series on stainless steel corrosion and passivity (nickelinstitute.org).<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Corrosion Handbook; Outokumpu datasheets on 304\/316\/2205.<br \/>\n&#8211; International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF): Guidelines on cleaning and maintenance of stainless steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASM Handbook, Vol. 13C: Corrosion \u2013 Environments and Industries.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00ednh \u201ckh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d c\u1ee7a inox \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng crom oxit Cr2O3 d\u00e0y c\u1ee1 nano, t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i khi c\u00f3 oxy.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1edfi Cl-, thi\u1ebfu oxy, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft, h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang (304, 316L, duplex), ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 gia c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n pickling \u2013 passivation theo chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i quan s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u00e1c inox, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n passivation ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh: Hotline 0343.417.281 | Email inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hi\u1ec3u l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng Cr2O3 d\u00e0y nano: c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 cho inox 304\/316 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1013,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1550"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1550\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}