{"id":1559,"date":"2026-01-16T12:34:28","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T05:34:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-austenitic-ferritic-va-martensitic-so-sanh-chi-tiet\/"},"modified":"2026-01-16T12:34:28","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T05:34:28","slug":"phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-austenitic-ferritic-va-martensitic-so-sanh-chi-tiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-loai-thep-khong-gi-austenitic-ferritic-va-martensitic-so-sanh-chi-tiet\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9: Austenitic, Ferritic v\u00e0 Martensitic (so s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-ba-ho-thep-khong-gi-chinh-nhin-nhanh\">Ba h\u1ecd th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh: nh\u00ecn nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vi-cau-truc\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-tinh-chat-ky-thuat-cot-loi\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-kha-nang-gia-cong-tao-hinh-va-han\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-cac-mac-pho-bien-va-tieu-chuan-tuong-duong\">C\u00e1c m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-so-sanh-chi-phi-hieu-nang\">So s\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed \u2013 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-huong-dan-chon-nhanh-theo-dieu-kien-lam-viec\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-loi-chon-mac-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-luu-y-ve-hoan-thien-be-mat-va-ve-sinh\">L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 3 h\u1ecd th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh\u2014Austenitic, Ferritic v\u00e0 Martensitic\u2014l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n\/gia c\u00f4ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ngay.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-ba-ho-thep-khong-gi-chinh-nhin-nhanh\">Ba h\u1ecd th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh: nh\u00ecn nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic (h\u1ecd 200\/300, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 304, 316): Kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb (\u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7), d\u1ebbo dai cao, h\u00e0n\/gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ba h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i ngu\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. Chi ph\u00ed cao do ch\u1ee9a Ni, Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 409, 430): Nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo trung b\u00ecnh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trung b\u00ecnh, kh\u00e1ng n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n austenitic, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ea1nh tranh nh\u1edd \u00edt\/kh\u00f4ng Ni. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 410, 420, 431): Nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i ram \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong ba h\u1ecd, h\u00e0n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n\/dao khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-vi-cau-truc\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d: t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ~10,5% Cr \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Austenitic: 16\u201326% Cr, 6\u201322% Ni (ho\u1eb7c Mn-N trong h\u1ecd 200), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam Mo (2\u20133%) v\u00e0 N (0,05\u20130,20%). Vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenite m\u1eb7t kh\u1ed1i (FCC) \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng \u2192 d\u1ebbo dai cao, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic: 11\u201330% Cr, Ni r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, C r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ferit t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i (BCC) \u2192 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00f2n- d\u1ebbo r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic: 11,5\u201318% Cr, C cao h\u01a1n (0,10\u20131,2% t\u00f9y m\u00e1c). T\u00f4i ngu\u1ed9i t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng austenit h\u00f3a \u2192 t\u1ea1o martensite c\u1ee9ng; ram \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ec1n\u2013dai.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-tinh-chat-ky-thuat-cot-loi\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 200\u2013300 MPa (\u1ee7). \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o: 520\u2013750 MPa. D\u1ebbo dai xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (t\u1edbi cryogenic).<br \/>\n  &#8211; H\u00f3a b\u1ec1n do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh: sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t >800\u20131000 MPa.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y: 250\u2013350 MPa. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o: 430\u2013520 MPa. D\u1ebbo v\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3m nhanh d\u01b0\u1edbi 0\u00b0C do chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00f2n\u2013d\u1ebbo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u2013ram: \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o 700\u20131200+ MPa, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t HRC ~40\u201355 (t\u00f9y m\u00e1c, 420 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n 50 HRC). \u0110\u1ed9 dai th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n hai h\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u00e1c, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<h3>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Thang t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t (trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung): Austenitic > Ferritic > Martensitic.<br \/>\n&#8211; Pitting\/crevice trong ion Cl-: d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN \u2248 %Cr + 3,3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 (18Cr-8Ni): PREN \u2248 18\u201319 \u2192 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong nh\u00e0\/kh\u00f4\/\u1ea9m nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316 (18Cr-10Ni-2Mo): PREN \u2248 24\u201326 \u2192 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho h\u01a1i m\u1eb7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u0103ng, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430 (16\u201317Cr, kh\u00f4ng Mo): PREN \u2248 16\u201317 \u2192 trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, trang tr\u00ed, khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng chloride.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 410\/420: PREN ~12\u201314 \u2192 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng\/kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u1ee9t (SCC) do Cl- \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 50\u2013100\u00b0C:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic 304\/316 nh\u1ea1y h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic 430\/446 kh\u00e1ng SCC t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic nh\u1ea1y do \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh khi h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: nguy c\u01a1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cr-carbide 450\u2013850\u00b0C; ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c \u201cL\u201d (C\u22640,03%) nh\u01b0 304L\/316L, ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb (321\/347) khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic: nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t th\u00f4\/gi\u00f2n sau h\u00e0n; d\u00f9ng m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb (409Ti, 430Ti), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai.<\/p>\n<h3>Nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic 304\/316: l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn ~870\u00b0C (gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n) t\u00f9y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng oxy h\u00f3a; c\u00e1c m\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 309\/310 cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1c (446, 430) cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao nh\u1edd Cr cao; 409 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 \u00f4 t\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic: kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho nhi\u1ec7t cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; d\u1ec5 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic: kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i\/h\u00e0n do h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh martensite bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic &#038; Martensitic: nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-kha-nang-gia-cong-tao-hinh-va-han\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t; ch\u00fa \u00fd springback v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u2192 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic: t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng springback l\u1edbn h\u01a1n austenitic; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i k\u00e9m; n\u00ean t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i ram ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed sau nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00ednh dao do \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n; c\u1ea7n dao s\u1eafc, ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed1t, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft th\u1ea5p\u2013trung b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic: gia c\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n austenitic.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7; sau t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 carbide\/g\u1ed1m.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: h\u00e0n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t; d\u00f9ng m\u00e1c L (304L\/316L) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a; que h\u00e0n 308L\/316L; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic: trung b\u00ecnh; r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ea1t th\u00f4\/gi\u00f2n v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t (HAZ); d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb9, m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n; c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t 150\u2013300\u00b0C (t\u00f9y m\u00e1c\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y), v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n c\u00f3 Ni \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 dai, ram sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic: kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng; \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch (solution anneal ~1050\u20131100\u00b0C, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1ebbo dai\/ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic: kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng; \u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tinh luy\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1eed \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic: chu tr\u00ecnh austenit h\u00f3a \u2192 t\u00f4i \u2192 ram \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ec1n\u2013dai mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L: b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, lan can, thang m\u00e1y, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L: m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2013h\u00f3a m\u1ef9, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ec7 PCCC n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, \u1ed1p thang m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ebfp ph\u00eda trong nh\u00e0.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 409\/409L\/409Ti: \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, v\u1ecf l\u00f2, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 410\/420: dao k\u00e9o, khu\u00f4n c\u1eaft, tr\u1ee5c\u2013v\u00f2ng bi ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u1eeba, c\u00e1nh b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 431: tr\u1ee5c b\u01a1m\/chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e1y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1n\u2013dai v\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n 410.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-cac-mac-pho-bien-va-tieu-chuan-tuong-duong\">C\u00e1c m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304\/304L: ASTM A240 \u2013 UNS S30400\/S30403; EN 1.4301\/1.4307; JIS SUS304.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316\/316L: ASTM A240 \u2013 UNS S31600\/S31603; EN 1.4401\/1.4404; JIS SUS316.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 321\/347 (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb) cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: ASTM A240 \u2013 UNS S43000; EN 1.4016; JIS SUS430.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 409\/409L\/409Ti: ASTM A240 \u2013 UNS S40900\/S40910; EN 1.4512\/1.4511; JIS SUS409.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 410: ASTM A240\/A276 \u2013 UNS S41000; EN 1.4006; JIS SUS410.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 420: ASTM A276 \u2013 UNS S42000; EN 1.4021\/1.4028; JIS SUS420J1\/J2.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 431: ASTM A276 \u2013 UNS S43100; EN 1.4057; JIS SUS431.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: t\u1ea5m\/l\u00e1 (ASTM A240), thanh (ASTM A276), \u1ed1ng (ASTM A312\/A268), v.v.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-so-sanh-chi-phi-hieu-nang\">So s\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed \u2013 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi Ni v\u00e0 Mo:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ferritic (430, 409) th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Martensitic (410, 420) trung b\u00ecnh.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Austenitic 304 cao h\u01a1n; 316 cao nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00f3m ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng do Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e3y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi: \u0103n m\u00f2n s\u1edbm, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, d\u1eebng m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn r\u1ebb ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-huong-dan-chon-nhanh-theo-dieu-kien-lam-viec\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn nhanh theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9: 430 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed; n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ecdn 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb\/kh\u00ed c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9: 304\/304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n, phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7n, clorua: 316\/316L; t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/b\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ee9ng mu\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4 (\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3, l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1t): 409\/409Ti ho\u1eb7c ferritic Cr cao; nhi\u1ec7t cao + oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ecdn 309\/310 (austenitic ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/m\u00e0i m\u00f2n (dao, tr\u1ee5c, khu\u00f4n): 410\/420\/431 t\u00f4i\u2013ram; \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u m\u1ecfng: 304L\/316L \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a; v\u1edbi ferritic ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\/Nb.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 SCC Cl- \u1edf 60\u2013100\u00b0C (th\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t, bay h\u01a1i): \u01b0u ti\u00ean ferritic ho\u1eb7c duplex (ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e0i), h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf austenitic 304\/316.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-loi-chon-mac-thuong-gap-va-cach-tranh\">L\u1ed7i ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng 430 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ven bi\u1ec3n \u2192 r\u1ed7 pitting s\u1edbm: thay 316\/316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 304 cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u00f3ng 800\u2013900\u00b0C \u2192 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u\/oxy h\u00f3a: d\u00f9ng 309\/310 ho\u1eb7c ferritic ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng (kh\u00f4ng L) \u1edf chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y l\u1edbn \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh quanh m\u1ed1i: ch\u1ecdn 304L ho\u1eb7c 321\/347.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng 410 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 Cl- >200 ppm m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u2192 r\u1ed7\/n\u1ee9t: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316 ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i s\u00e2u austenitic m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u2192 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng\/n\u1ee9t v\u1ec1 sau: l\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 trung gian.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-luu-y-ve-hoan-thien-be-mat-va-ve-sinh\">L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m th\u1ea5p (No.4, HL, 2B, BA) \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 pitting. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng (BA\/8K) d\u1ec5 v\u1ec7 sinh h\u01a1n No.1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do khi gia c\u00f4ng; d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho inox, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m mu\u1ed1i b\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m? Austenitic (304\/316) \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9 sau bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng\/h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u00ec sao 316 \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n 304? Do ch\u1ee9a Mo (2\u20133%) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng Ni cao h\u01a1n \u2192 ch\u1ed1ng pitting t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n; \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic c\u00f3 h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (430Ti\/409Ti), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) \u2013 The Stainless Steel Family (https:\/\/www.worldstainless.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook, 11th ed. (https:\/\/www.outokumpu.com)<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Technical Series on Austenitic\/Ferritic Stainless Steels (https:\/\/nickelinstitute.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240\/A276\/A312 \u2013 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m inox (https:\/\/www.astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ISO 15510:2014 \u2013 Stainless steels \u2014 Chemical composition (https:\/\/www.iso.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ATI\/AK Steel Datasheets for 304\/316\/430\/410\/420\/431 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: https:\/\/www.atimaterials.com)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic: gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u201cch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 \u0111a d\u1ee5ng\u201d v\u1edbi h\u00e0n\u2013t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 304\/316 cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic: l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0\/\u00edt chloride, b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1c, kh\u00e1ng SCC clorua.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic: khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n\u2013nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang n\u1eb1m \u1edf: m\u1ee9c chloride\/\u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n\/gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u1eefa 304\/316\/430\/410 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u00e3y trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>So s\u00e1nh 3 h\u1ecd th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u00ednh: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, h\u00e0n-gia c\u00f4ng, m\u00e1c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1072,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1559"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1559\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}