{"id":1565,"date":"2026-01-18T00:34:14","date_gmt":"2026-01-17T17:34:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-do-cung-do-deo-va-chiu-nhiet-cua-thep-khong-gi\/"},"modified":"2026-01-18T00:34:14","modified_gmt":"2026-01-17T17:34:14","slug":"phan-tich-do-cung-do-deo-va-chiu-nhiet-cua-thep-khong-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-tich-do-cung-do-deo-va-chiu-nhiet-cua-thep-khong-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-vi-cau-truc-va-moi-lien-he-voi-dac\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh: vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-do-cung-hardness-nen-tang-chong-mai-mon-va-bien-da\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (Hardness): n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-do-deo-ductility-kha-nang-dap-keo-uon-ma-khong-nut\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo (Ductility): kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp, k\u00e9o, u\u1ed1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee9t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-kha-nang-chiu-nhiet-oxy-hoa-ben-nhiet-va-bien-dang\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t: oxy h\u00f3a, b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-su-danh-doi-do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet\">S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i: \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo \u2013 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-lua-chon-mac-inox-theo-yeu-cau-ung-dung\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-kiem-tra-va-tieu-chuan-hoa-tai-xuong\">Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-cac-luu-y-thuc-tien-khi-gia-cong\">C\u00e1c l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n khi gia c\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-vi-du-nhanh-ve-thong-so-muc-tieu\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd then ch\u1ed1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh inox c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chu\u1ea9n, c\u00e1ch \u0111o, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh theo m\u00e1c th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng (304, 316, 410, 430, 17-4PH, 2205\u2026), c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-nhanh-vi-cau-truc-va-moi-lien-he-voi-dac\">T\u1ed5ng quan nhanh: vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia theo vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, m\u1ed7i h\u1ecd cho \u201cch\u00e2n dung\u201d c\u01a1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau:<br \/>\n&#8211; Austenitic (200\/300: 304, 316, 310S\u2026): kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t; kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ferritic (400: 430, 446\u2026): nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo trung b\u00ecnh, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n austenitic, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n; kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t (446).<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic (410, 420, 440C\u2026): t\u00f4i \u2013 ram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea5p, d\u00f9ng cho dao k\u00e9o, tr\u1ee5c, khu\u00f4n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex (2205, 2507\u2026): c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng austenite\/ferrite, ch\u1ea3y d\u1ebbo cao h\u01a1n ferritic v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n austenitic; gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n kho\u1ea3ng \u2264300\u2013325\u00b0C do nguy c\u01a1 gi\u00f2n 475\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a b\u1ec1n (PH \u2013 17-4PH\/630): h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-do-cung-hardness-nen-tang-chong-mai-mon-va-bien-da\">\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (Hardness): n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (v\u1ebft l\u00f5m, tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc).<br \/>\n&#8211; Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: c\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng c\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, \u00edt \u201cd\u1eadp l\u00f5m\u201d, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai n\u1ebfu t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng hay t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Thang \u0111o v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Rockwell: HRB (m\u1ec1m \u2013 t\u1ea5m 2B\/BA), HRC (c\u1ee9ng \u2013 sau t\u00f4i). Chu\u1ea9n: ASTM E18.<br \/>\n&#8211; Brinell (HBW): bi th\u00e9p\/tungsten carbide, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y\/kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng. Chu\u1ea9n: ASTM E10.<br \/>\n&#8211; Vickers (HV): m\u0169i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, thang r\u1ed9ng, d\u00f9ng cho t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng\/vi ph\u1eabu. Chu\u1ea9n: ASTM E92.<br \/>\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: quy \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa HB\/HRB\/HRC\/HV ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o, n\u00ean \u0111o \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh theo m\u00e1c inox<\/h3>\n<p>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh tham kh\u1ea3o, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (\u1ee7 m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, t\u00f4i \u2013 ram, gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a):<br \/>\n&#8211; 304\/304L (\u1ee7 m\u1ec1m \u2013 2B\/BA): HRB ~70\u201390; ~150\u2013200 HBW; HV ~160\u2013200.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (\u1ee7 m\u1ec1m): t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 304, HRB ~80\u201395.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (ferritic \u1ee7): HRB ~80\u201395; ~150\u2013200 HBW.<br \/>\n&#8211; 301 (c\u00e1n c\u1ee9ng 1\/4H\u2013FH): \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh theo m\u1ee9c h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t >300 HV \u1edf temper cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410 (t\u00f4i \u2013 ram): HRC ~35\u201345 (t\u00f9y ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ram).<br \/>\n&#8211; 420 (t\u00f4i \u2013 ram cao): HRC ~48\u201352 (d\u00f9ng cho dao\/khu\u00f4n).<br \/>\n&#8211; 17-4PH (gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a H900): HRC ~40\u201344; UTS ~ 1310 MPa.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: HV \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ~250\u2013300 (kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng).<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00f3a b\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng (c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, d\u1eadp): t\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng, gi\u1ea3m d\u1ebbo; austenitic c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n: martensitic\/PH \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao sau t\u00f4i \u2013 ram\/gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a; austenitic\/ferritic kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y: t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng n\u00ean th\u1eed HV\/Rockwell B; chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Brinell.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh QC: x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng trong PO; d\u00f9ng ASTM E18\/E10\/E92; v\u1edbi coil\/t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng, quy chu\u1ea9n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i th\u1eed nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-do-deo-ductility-kha-nang-dap-keo-uon-ma-khong-nut\">\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo (Ductility): kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp, k\u00e9o, u\u1ed1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee9t<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, c\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gia c\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qua: \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9t A50\/A80 (%) v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1eaft ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n (RA). Chu\u1ea9n k\u00e9o: ASTM E8\/E8M.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00dd ngh\u0129a gia c\u00f4ng: d\u1ebbo cao cho d\u1eadp s\u00e2u, k\u00e9o v\u1ecf, loe m\u00e9p; d\u1ebbo th\u1ea5p d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t \u1edf g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n\/d\u1eadp g\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<h3>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L, 316\/316L (\u1ee7 m\u1ec1m): A50 \u2265 40% (\u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh 50\u201360%); r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1eadp s\u00e2u, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (ferritic): A50 ~20\u201330%; formability trung b\u00ecnh, ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u1ee9t r\u00eca khi d\u1eadp s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; 410\/420 (martensitic sau t\u00f4i \u2013 ram): A50 ~10\u201320%; ch\u1ec9 u\u1ed1n nh\u1eb9, gia c\u00f4ng sau nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 17-4PH (H900): A50 ~10\u201312%; t\u1eadp trung t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n \u2013 c\u1ee9ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u1eadp s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: A50 ~25\u201330%; cao h\u01a1n ferritic, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n austenitic.<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n cao: d\u1ec5 \u201ch\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i\u201d khi u\u1ed1n (springback) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 d\u00ednh b\u00e1m (galling) khi d\u1eadp kh\u00f4 \u2013 n\u00ean b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed1t, d\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap t\u0103ng d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 dai va \u0111\u1eadp.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ni, N t\u0103ng d\u1ebbo; C cao (\u1edf martensitic) gi\u1ea3m d\u1ebbo sau t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-kha-nang-chiu-nhiet-oxy-hoa-ben-nhiet-va-bien-dang\">Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t: oxy h\u00f3a, b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a (scaling) trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng: ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c Cr, Si, Al; m\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 309\/310\/446 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao (creep\/stress-rupture): austenitic b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n ferritic; martensitic\/PH kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nhi\u1ec7t cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Chu\u1ea9n th\u1eed: ASTM E21.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, n\u1ee9t nhi\u1ec7t khi h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3>Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tham kh\u1ea3o theo m\u00e1c<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/316: ch\u1ecbu oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u1edf v\u00f9ng kho\u1ea3ng 870\u2013925\u00b0C trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4; khi x\u00e9t \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/chloride kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng 425\u2013860\u00b0C do nguy c\u01a1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbit v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n pha sigma.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 800\u2013815\u00b0C trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n creep cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; 310S\/309S: ch\u1ecbu oxy h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t ~1050\u20131100\u00b0C, d\u00f9ng cho bu\u1ed3ng l\u00f2\/\u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 nung.<br \/>\n&#8211; 446 (ferritic Cr cao): ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn ~1100\u00b0C, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ebbo \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2264300\u2013325\u00b0C (nguy c\u01a1 gi\u00f2n 475\u00b0C).<br \/>\n&#8211; 17-4PH: kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ean ~300\u2013315\u00b0C l\u00e2u d\u00e0i do qu\u00e1 gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (20\u2013100\u00b0C): austenitic ~16\u201317 \u00d710^-6\/K; ferritic ~10\u201311 \u00d710^-6\/K; duplex trung gian.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf 20\u00b0C: austenitic ~14\u201316 W\/m\u00b7K; ferritic ~23\u201326 W\/m\u00b7K.<br \/>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a: ferritic \u00edt bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n khi nung\/h\u00e0n; austenitic d\u1ec5 \u201cx\u00e9 m\u00e9p\u201d do gi\u00e3n n\u1edf cao \u2013 c\u1ea7n g\u00e1 k\u1eb9p v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-su-danh-doi-do-cung-do-deo-chiu-nhiet\">S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i: \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo \u2013 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1edd c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i \u2192 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, kh\u00f3 d\u1eadp; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u1ee7 ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1ebbo.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t (ch\u1ecdn 309\/310\/446) \u2192 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy sinh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Martensitic\/PH r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng \u2192 d\u1ebbo th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 gia c\u00f4ng sau nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf; b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-lua-chon-mac-inox-theo-yeu-cau-ung-dung\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1eadp s\u00e2u (ch\u1eadu r\u1eeda, v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc, b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a m\u1ecfng): 304\/304DDQ, 316 cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t HRB \u2264 90\u201395 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00f2, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4: 310S\/309S; n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t cao m\u00e0 \u00edt gia c\u00f4ng: 446.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dao, tr\u1ee5c, l\u00e1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee9ng\/kh\u00e1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n: 420\/440C (t\u00f4i \u2013 ram), ho\u1eb7c 17-4PH khi c\u1ea7n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u1ec1n \u2013 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n: duplex 2205 (gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u2264300\u00b0C).<br \/>\n&#8211; Trang tr\u00ed, u\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb: 430; chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304\/316.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00f2 xo, k\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i m\u1ecfng: 301 temper (1\/4H\u2013FH) \u2013 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao nh\u1edd h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn nhanh 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc:<br \/>\n1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cao nh\u1ea5t (kh\u00f4 \u1ee7, kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng, hay c\u00f3 chloride\/\u1ea9m).<br \/>\n2) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u1eadp\/u\u1ed1n\/k\u00e9o mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 dung sai bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<br \/>\n3) \u01afu ti\u00ean m\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (\u1ee7\/c\u00e1n c\u1ee9ng).<br \/>\n4) R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 HRB \u2264 90 cho d\u1eadp s\u00e2u).<br \/>\n5) X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m (ASTM A240 + E18\/E8\/E21) trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-kiem-tra-va-tieu-chuan-hoa-tai-xuong\">Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea5m\/cu\u1ed9n: Rockwell B ho\u1eb7c Vickers micro cho \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u1ecfng; quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed k\u00e9o A50 (ASTM E8\/E8M): x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y\/\u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed u\u1ed1n\/lo\u00e9 m\u00e9p theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u1ee9t r\u00eca sau c\u1eaft.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc th\u1eed b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c creep (ASTM E21) \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-cac-luu-y-thuc-tien-khi-gia-cong\">C\u00e1c l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n khi gia c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n: d\u1eadp s\u00e2u c\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m; ch\u1ea5n u\u1ed1n d\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea3m galling khi d\u1eadp inox austenitic: d\u00f9ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khu\u00f4n c\u1ee9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u austenitic: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng do gi\u00e3n n\u1edf cao b\u1eb1ng g\u00e1 k\u1eb9p, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-vi-du-nhanh-ve-thong-so-muc-tieu\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nhanh v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1ecf b\u1ed3n 304 d\u1eadp s\u00e2u: 304\/304L 2B, HRB 70\u201385, A50 \u2265 45%, thickness 1.2\u20132.0 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dao phay g\u1ed7 420: sau t\u00f4i \u2013 ram HRC 50 \u00b12, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m c\u1ea1nh m\u00e0i Ra \u2264 0.4 \u00b5m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u00e1 l\u00f2 310S: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng oxy h\u00f3a 1100\u00b0C, h\u00e0n GTAW; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t trong g\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u1ee5c b\u01a1m 17-4PH: tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i H900, UTS ~1310 MPa, HRC ~42, gia c\u00f4ng tinh sau gi\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM E18 (Rockwell), ASTM E10 (Brinell), ASTM E92 (Vickers), ASTM E8\/E8M (k\u00e9o), ASTM E21 (th\u1eed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao), ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m\/l\u00e1 inox).<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook; datasheet m\u00e1c 304\/316\/309\/310\/2205\/446.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Design guidelines for the selection and use of stainless steels; Stainless steels at high temperatures.<br \/>\n&#8211; British Stainless Steel Association (BSSA) \u2013 Maximum service temperatures in air for stainless steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; AZoM\/MatWeb \u2013 Datasheet 304, 316, 17-4PH, 410\/420 (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp\/u\u1ed1n; ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ecd austenitic cho d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1; martensitic\/PH cho \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao; ferritic \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng d\u1ebbo trung b\u00ecnh; duplex c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ec1n \u2013 d\u1ebbo nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra.<br \/>\nC\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n nhanh theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb m\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a inox, c\u00e1ch \u0111o, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (304, 316, 410, 430, 17-4PH) v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1042,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1565"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1565\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}