{"id":1567,"date":"2026-01-18T12:34:25","date_gmt":"2026-01-18T05:34:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tu-quang-sat-den-tam-inox-sang-bong-quy-trinh-a-z-thuc-te\/"},"modified":"2026-01-18T12:34:25","modified_gmt":"2026-01-18T05:34:25","slug":"tu-quang-sat-den-tam-inox-sang-bong-quy-trinh-a-z-thuc-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/tu-quang-sat-den-tam-inox-sang-bong-quy-trinh-a-z-thuc-te\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m inox s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng: quy tr\u00ecnh A\u2013Z th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tong-quan-dong-chay-san-xuat-tam-inox\">T\u1ed5ng quan d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea5m inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-nguyen-lieu-khong-chi-co-quang\">Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u: kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201cqu\u1eb7ng\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-nau-luyen-inox-eaf-aodvod-va-duc-phoi\">N\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n inox: EAF, AOD\/VOD v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac ph\u00f4i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-tu-phoi-den-tam-can-nong-utay-can-nguoi\">T\u1eeb ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m: c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, \u1ee7\u2013t\u1ea9y, c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-hoan-thien-be-mat-va-thu-dong-hoa\">Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-kiem-soat-chat-luong-va-tieu-chuan\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-cac-mac-inox-tam-pho-bien-va-lua-chon\">C\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox t\u1ea5m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-quy-cach-thuong-mai-va-chuoi-cung-ung-tai-viet-nam\">Quy c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-yeu-to-anh-huong-gia-thanh-tam-inox\">Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m inox<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ben-vung-va-moi-truong\">B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-kiem-tra-nhanh-tai-xuong-truoc-khi-nhap\">Ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ung-dung-theo-be-mat-va-mac\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng theo b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u00e1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u201ct\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m inox\u201d gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c, \u0111\u00fang b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2013 t\u1eeb luy\u1ec7n kim \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m inox \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tong-quan-dong-chay-san-xuat-tam-inox\">T\u1ed5ng quan d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea5m inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u: ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u inox, s\u1eaft th\u00e9p, ferrochrome, ferronickel\/nickel, ferromolybdenum, nit\u01a1.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n: l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang (EAF) \u2192 tinh luy\u1ec7n AOD\/VOD \u2192 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (Cr, Ni, Mo, N, C, S, P).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00fac ph\u00f4i: \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh ph\u00f4i t\u1ea5m (slab).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1n n\u00f3ng: c\u00e1n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, cu\u1ed9n n\u00f3ng (hot band).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee6 \u2013 t\u1ea9y: \u1ee7 h\u00f2a tan + t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t No.1.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i: nhi\u1ec1u pass \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B ho\u1eb7c \u1ee7 s\u00e1ng BA.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: No.4\/HL, g\u01b0\u01a1ng 8K, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1eaft, ch\u1ec9nh ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 (MTC).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-nguyen-lieu-khong-chi-co-quang\">Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u: kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201cqu\u1eb7ng\u201d<\/h2>\n<h3>Qu\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim ferro<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; S\u1eaft: t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng hematit\/magnetit luy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh th\u00e9p s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c thu qua ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u th\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Crom: ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ferrochrome (Cr kho\u1ea3ng 60\u201370%) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Cr \u2265 10.5% cho inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; Niken: t\u1eeb ferronickel ho\u1eb7c nickel cathode nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c austenit (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 304 ~ 18Cr-8Ni).<br \/>\n&#8211; Molybden: ferromolybden t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/\u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf (316L).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nit\u01a1: t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t duplex).<\/p>\n<h3>Vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u inox<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u inox l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Theo ISSF, inox c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf 100% v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf trung b\u00ecnh cao (t\u00f9y khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u00e1c) nh\u1edd chu\u1ed7i thu h\u1ed3i ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (Ngu\u1ed3n: International Stainless Steel Forum).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-nau-luyen-inox-eaf-aodvod-va-duc-phoi\">N\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n inox: EAF, AOD\/VOD v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac ph\u00f4i<\/h2>\n<h3>N\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y trong l\u00f2 EAF<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ebb ph\u1ed1i li\u1ec7u g\u1ed3m ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u inox, s\u1eaft, ferrochrome, nickel\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y b\u1eb1ng h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf, lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho kh\u1eed cacbon s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<h3>Tinh luy\u1ec7n AOD\/VOD<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization): th\u1ed5i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p O2 + Ar \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m C xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2264 0.03% cho \u201cL\u201d), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Cr kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<br \/>\n&#8211; VOD (Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization): \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t C si\u00eau th\u1ea5p, d\u00f9ng cho m\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 inox si\u00eau s\u1ea1ch, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf).<br \/>\n&#8211; Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c Cr, Ni, Mo, N, Mn, Si v\u00e0 kh\u1eed S, P.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00f4i t\u1ea5m (slab)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e9p l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh ph\u00f4i d\u1eb9t (slab) v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh 150\u2013250 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u1ebft tinh, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed, n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-tu-phoi-den-tam-can-nong-utay-can-nguoi\">T\u1eeb ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m: c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, \u1ee7\u2013t\u1ea9y, c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e1n n\u00f3ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00f4i slab \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung t\u1edbi ~1150\u20131250\u00b0C, c\u00e1n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng n\u00f3ng r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed9n (hot band).<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ee6 \u2013 t\u1ea9y (anneal &#038; pickle)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ee6 h\u00f2a tan \u1edf ~1010\u20131100\u00b0C (austenitic) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan carbide, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng axit (th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p HNO3 + HF) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp oxit \u0111en sau c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t No.1.<br \/>\n&#8211; Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00e1i sinh axit ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u00f9n th\u1ea3i theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 14001.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tinh luy\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i nhi\u1ec1u pass qua c\u1ee5m c\u00e1n 4\/6 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee6 \u2013 t\u1ea9y l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa r\u1ed3i n\u1eafn ph\u1eb3ng, c\u00e1n da (skin-pass) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B (m\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee6 s\u00e1ng (BA \u2013 Bright Anneal): \u1ee7 trong l\u00f2 kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (H2\/N2) cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng, ph\u1ea3n quang cao, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-hoan-thien-be-mat-va-thu-dong-hoa\">Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; No.1: sau c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng + \u1ee7\u2013t\u1ea9y; k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00f4, d\u00f9ng cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, b\u1ed3n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2B: chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed (d\u1ea3i d\u00e0y 0.3\u20133.0 mm).<br \/>\n&#8211; BA (Bright Annealed): b\u00f3ng m\u1ecbn cho \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh, y t\u1ebf, trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t cao c\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; No.4\/HL (hairline): ch\u1ea3i x\u01b0\u1edbc trang tr\u00ed, thang m\u00e1y, \u1ed1p m\u1eb7t d\u1ef1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 8K (g\u01b0\u01a1ng): \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu cao cho trang tr\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a: x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 acid nitric ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a dichromate) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng Cr2O3, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-kiem-soat-chat-luong-va-tieu-chuan\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5\/ICP x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (Cr, Ni, Mo, C, N&#8230;).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, ch\u1ea3y, gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i theo m\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: soi v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed7, n\u1ed1t ch\u1ea5m, cu\u1ed9n m\u00e9p; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng, g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: ASTM A240\/A240M (t\u1ea5m, l\u00e1, d\u1ea3i inox), EN 10088-2\/-4, JIS G4304\/G4305.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung sai: ASTM A480 (\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng) v\u00e0 EN 10051 cho d\u1ea3i cu\u1ed9n; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dung sai ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9: MTC 3.1 theo EN 10204; \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u heat number \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-cac-mac-inox-tam-pho-bien-va-lua-chon\">C\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox t\u1ea5m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304\/304L (18Cr-8Ni): \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed; \u201cL\u201d gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf do cacbit.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L (17Cr-10Ni-2Mo): ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride (bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9).<br \/>\n&#8211; 201\/201L (Mn\/N thay Ni m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n): kinh t\u1ebf, trang tr\u00ed\/\u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430 (ferritic ~16\u201317Cr): kh\u00f4ng Ni, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1eeba; d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng, \u1ed1p n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Duplex 2205 (22Cr-5Ni-3Mo-N): b\u1ec1n cao, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n chloride t\u1ed1t; b\u1ed3n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, offshore.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/kh\u01a1i: 304L; g\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t chloride: 316L; t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 chloride cao: 2205.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4: 304\/201 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t No.4\/HL\/BA t\u00f9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Chi ph\u00ed nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eb9: c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 201\/430 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-quy-cach-thuong-mai-va-chuoi-cung-ung-tai-viet-nam\">Quy c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i (2B\/BA): 0.3\u20133.0 mm.<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00e1n n\u00f3ng\/No.1: ~3\u201350 mm (t\u00f9y nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng: 1000, 1219\/1220, 1500 mm; chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1ea5m 2000\u20136000 mm; cu\u1ed9n cung c\u1ea5p theo m\u00e9t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngu\u1ed3n cung: k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, EU\u2026; nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p d\u00f9ng coil \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebb b\u0103ng\/c\u1eaft t\u1ea5m theo \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng sau nh\u1eadp: x\u1ebb b\u0103ng, c\u1eaft laser\/plasma, \u0111\u00e1nh x\u01b0\u1edbc HL\/No.4, d\u00e1n m\u00e0ng PE b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-yeu-to-anh-huong-gia-thanh-tam-inox\">Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5m inox<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p kim: gi\u00e1 Ni (LME), ferrochrome, molybden dao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: 316L, duplex v\u00e0 BA\/8K c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n 304\/2B.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng, dung sai: d\u00e0y\/kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn, dung sai ch\u1eb7t \u2192 gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, logistics v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u; ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (PED, NACE) l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ben-vung-va-moi-truong\">B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u00e0i, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t; t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u cao trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng (ISSF).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1i sinh axit t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 l\u00f2 EAF d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 EPD, ISO 14001; nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u CO2\/t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-kiem-tra-nhanh-tai-xuong-truoc-khi-nhap\">Ki\u1ec3m tra nhanh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Soi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xi\u00ean: r\u1ed7, x\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ee3n; ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0ng PE c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng panme nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean b\u00e0n granit.<br \/>\n&#8211; PMI (Positive Material Identification) b\u1eb1ng XRF: x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c (Cr\/Ni\/Mo).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng MTC: m\u00e1c, heat number, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASTM A240\/A480\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed u\u1ed1n\/\u0111\u1ed9t m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gia c\u00f4ng s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ung-dung-theo-be-mat-va-mac\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng theo b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u00e1c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; No.1, d\u00e0y: b\u1ed3n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, khung k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<br \/>\n&#8211; 2B, m\u1ecfng\u2013trung: b\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<br \/>\n&#8211; BA: n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t cao c\u1ea5p, y t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh, thang m\u00e1y (panel trong).<br \/>\n&#8211; No.4\/HL: \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed, thang m\u00e1y (c\u1eeda, panel ngo\u00e0i), \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L\/duplex: \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, h\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 chloride.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) \u2013 Stainless Steel and Sustainability, Production Routes. https:\/\/www.worldstainless.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240\/A480 \u2013 Standard Specification and General Requirements for Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip. https:\/\/www.astm.org<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088 \u2013 Stainless steels (chemical composition, mechanical properties, product forms).<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook; Euro Inox \u2013 The Euro Inox Handbook of Stainless Steel.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ea5m inox l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn: ph\u1ed1i li\u1ec7u \u2192 EAF \u2192 AOD\/VOD \u2192 \u0111\u00fac slab \u2192 c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng \u2192 \u1ee7\u2013t\u1ea9y \u2192 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i \u2192 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2192 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ASTM\/EN. Hi\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n:<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (304L, 316L, 201, 430, duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (No.1, 2B, BA, No.4\/HL, 8K) cho c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng\/th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng MTC, dung sai, PMI v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed theo bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng Ni\/Cr\/Mo, quy c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea5m inox: n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n EAF+AOD, \u0111\u00fac ph\u00f4i, c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng\/l\u1ea1nh, \u1ee7\u2013t\u1ea9y, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n 2B\/BA\/No.4, chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/EN, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1567","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1567","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1567"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1567\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1567"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1567"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1567"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}