{"id":1573,"date":"2026-01-20T00:34:52","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T17:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-la-gi-thanh-phan-tinh-chat-va-ly-do-pho-bien-nhat\/"},"modified":"2026-01-20T00:34:52","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T17:34:52","slug":"inox-304-la-gi-thanh-phan-tinh-chat-va-ly-do-pho-bien-nhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-304-la-gi-thanh-phan-tinh-chat-va-ly-do-pho-bien-nhat\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox 304 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00fd do ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-inox-304-la-gi-danh-xung-va-tieu-chuan-tuong-duong\">Inox 304 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Danh x\u01b0ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-co-tinh-tieu-chuan\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-vi-sao-inox-304-la-mac-pho-bien-nhat\">V\u00ec sao inox 304 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-hieu-nang-chong-an-mon-cua-304-va-gioi-han-su-dung\">Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a 304 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-han-tao-hinh-gia-cong-co-khi\">H\u00e0n, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-304-hay-304l-huong-dan-chon-nhanh\">304 hay 304L? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-so-sanh-nhanh-304-vs-201-vs-316-vs-430\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: 304 vs 201 vs 316 vs 430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-dieu-kien-lam-viec-va-gioi-han-nhiet-do\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-dang-san-pham-quy-cach-va-tieu-chuan-thuong-gap\">D\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, quy c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ve-sinh-bao-tri-va-tham-my\">V\u1ec7 sinh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-gia-va-nguon-cung-tai-viet-nam-yeu-to-anh-huong\">Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-checklist-chon-dung-mac-va-be-mat-cho-du-an\">Checklist ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-vi-du-ung-dung-dien-hinh-cua-304304l\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a 304\/304L<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-luu-y-chat-luong-va-nhan-biet-hang-gia\">L\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-14-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-15-ket-luan-inox-304-co-phai-lua-chon-toi-uu\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Inox 304 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 304 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit \u201c18\/8\u201d (kho\u1ea3ng 18% Cr, 8% Ni) ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, l\u00fd do 304 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn 304\/304L v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh nhanh v\u1edbi 201, 316 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00f3m \u201cc\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-inox-304-la-gi-danh-xung-va-tieu-chuan-tuong-duong\">Inox 304 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Danh x\u01b0ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ec7 kim lo\u1ea1i: Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit Cr\u2013Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ean g\u1ecdi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: Inox 304, AISI 304, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 18\/8, SUS 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 carbon th\u1ea5p: 304L (AISI 304L) \u2013 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u00e0n, ch\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; ASTM\/ASME: 304 (UNS S30400), 304L (UNS S30403) \u2013 t\u1ea5m\/coil ASTM A240; \u1ed1ng ASTM A312; thanh A276.<br \/>\n  &#8211; EN: 1.4301 (304), 1.4307 (304L) \u2013 EN 10088.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng: t\u1ea5m\/coil (2B, BA, No.4, HL, g\u01b0\u01a1ng), \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/seamless, thanh, \u0111\u00fac, h\u00ecnh U\/V\/L, d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-va-co-tinh-tieu-chuan\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (ASTM A240)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Cr: 18.0\u201320.0%<br \/>\n&#8211; Ni: 8.0\u201310.5% (304); 8.0\u201312.0% (304L)<br \/>\n&#8211; C: \u22640.08% (304); \u22640.03% (304L)<br \/>\n&#8211; Mn: \u22642.0%; Si: \u22641.0%; P: \u22640.045%; S: \u22640.030%<br \/>\n&#8211; N: \u22640.10%<\/p>\n<p>\u00dd ngh\u0129a: Cr t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n; Ni \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha austenit, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u1ebbo dai, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh; carbon th\u1ea5p (304L) h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cr-carbide \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t khi h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (UTS): \u2265515 MPa<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y 0.2%: \u2265205 MPa<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i: \u226540%<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a: ~92 HRB (\u2248201 HB)<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng: 7.93 g\/cm\u00b3<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb sau c\u00e1n\/\u0111\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed9i.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (20\u2013100\u00b0C): ~17.3 \u00b5m\/m\u00b7K<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t: ~16 W\/m\u00b7K (th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon)<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t: ~0.73 \u00b5\u03a9\u00b7m (20\u00b0C)<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n \u1ee7: 1010\u20131065\u00b0C, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh; kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n, ch\u1ec9 h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-vi-sao-inox-304-la-mac-pho-bien-nhat\">V\u00ec sao inox 304 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u2013 gia c\u00f4ng \u2013 chi ph\u00ed: \u0110\u1ee7 b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9; r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh; chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngu\u1ed3n cung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o: 304\/304L l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng chu\u1ea9n\u201d trong m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, quy c\u00e1ch, gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn leadtime v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110a d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: T\u1eeb b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf b\u1ebfp, lan can, \u1ed1p m\u1eb7t d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ebfn linh ki\u1ec7n m\u00e1y, v\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u1ec7 sinh: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf cao: >80\u201390% n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng; b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ESG.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-hieu-nang-chong-an-mon-cua-304-va-gioi-han-su-dung\">Hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a 304 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n: T\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u00e2u h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 n\u1ebfu b\u1ee5i\/ion Cl- \u0111\u1ecdng l\u00e2u \u2013 c\u1ea7n v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9:<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y, n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng: th\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n n\u1ebfu Cl- \u2264200 mg\/L; tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u226550\u201360\u00b0C n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 lo\u00e3ng, ki\u1ec1m lo\u00e3ng: ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Clo\/bi\u1ec3n: 304 d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7\/\u0103n k\u1ebd trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n, phun mu\u1ed1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n; 316\/duplex ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ee9t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t do Cl- (SCC): Nguy c\u01a1 t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh >60\u00b0C trong dung d\u1ecbch Cl-.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a 304: 18\u201319 (kh\u00f4ng Mo); 316: 23\u201324 (nh\u1edd 2\u20132.5% Mo) \u2013 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao 316 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong Cl-.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ee3i \u00fd nhanh:<br \/>\n&#8211; Trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o: 304\/304L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi xa bi\u1ec3n, \u00edt Cl-: 304 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ven bi\u1ec3n\/Cl- cao, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316 ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00e0n d\u00e0y\/\u0111a l\u1edbp: ch\u1ecdn 304L \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m tinh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: Nickel Institute \u2013 Guidelines for selection of stainless steels; datasheet c\u1ee7a Outokumpu, ASTM.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-han-tao-hinh-gia-cong-co-khi\">H\u00e0n, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<h3>H\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 304L khi h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a carbide v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: ER308\/ER308L (GTAW\/TIG, GMAW\/MIG), E308\/E308L (SMAW).<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7: Ar ho\u1eb7c Ar+He; tr\u00e1nh N2 thu\u1ea7n khi h\u00e0n m\u1ed1i k\u00edn.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p l\u00fd; sau h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\u2013th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a (pickling\u2013passivation) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo cao, d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n k\u00e9o s\u00e2u; tuy nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng nhanh \u2192 c\u1ea7n trung gian \u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e9p c\u1eaft s\u1eafc, bavia th\u1ea5p gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t trong u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng insert s\u1eafc, g\u00f3c tho\u00e1t phoi t\u1ed1t; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft th\u1ea5p\u2013trung b\u00ecnh; b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n\/l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh d\u00ednh dao do d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khoan\u2013tar\u00f4: d\u00f9ng m\u0169i cobalt\/karbide, b\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t phoi ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<h3>X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: 2B (kinh t\u1ebf, n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9), BA (s\u00e1ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i), No.4\/HL (x\u01b0\u1edbc hairline), g\u01b0\u01a1ng 8K.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e0ng m\u1ecbn c\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u0103n k\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; trong F&#038;B n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean 2B\/BA ho\u1eb7c No.4 m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-304-hay-304l-huong-dan-chon-nhanh\">304 hay 304L? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304: c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1i cao h\u01a1n; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1eadp\u2013k\u00e9o s\u00e2u; d\u00f9ng khi kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n d\u00e0y\/kh\u00f3.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L: C th\u1ea5p (\u22640.03%), l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n d\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng\/b\u1ed3n, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi; c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ch\u00fat nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304L.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-so-sanh-nhanh-304-vs-201-vs-316-vs-430\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh: 304 vs 201 vs 316 vs 430<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 304 vs 201 (Cr\u2013Mn\u2013N, Ni th\u1ea5p):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong Cl-; d\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb sau gia c\u00f4ng; nguy c\u01a1 g\u1ec9 n\u00e2u ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u201cchu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n\u201d cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 vs 316 (c\u00f3 Mo):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong Cl-, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n; gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n 15\u201335% t\u00f9y th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m (ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c Ni\/Mo).<br \/>\n  &#8211; N\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9\u2013trung b\u00ecnh: 304 kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 vs 430 (ferrit, kh\u00f4ng Ni):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430 r\u1ebb, t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n; th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7), ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, h\u00e0n\u2013d\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-dieu-kien-lam-viec-va-gioi-han-nhiet-do\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Oxy h\u00f3a kh\u00f4: ch\u1ecbu t\u1edbi ~870\u00b0C (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc\/Cl- kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ecbch l\u1ecfng ch\u1ee9a Cl-: n\u00ean \u226450\u201360\u00b0C v\u1edbi 304; v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i (316\/duplex).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m; tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac d\u00e0i v\u1edbi clorua \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c\/ki\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-dang-san-pham-quy-cach-va-tieu-chuan-thuong-gap\">D\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, quy c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/coil: ASTM A240\/A480; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh 0.3\u201350 mm; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B, BA, No.4, HL, g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n\/seamless: ASTM A312 TP304\/304L; \u1ed1ng trang tr\u00ed, \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (Schedule 5S, 10S, 40S&#8230;).<br \/>\n&#8211; Thanh, h\u00ecnh: ASTM A276\/A479.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng: ASTM A403 WP304\/304L (elbow, tee, reducer, cap).<br \/>\n&#8211; Bulong \u0111ai \u1ed1c: ISO 3506 (A2 \u2248 304).<\/p>\n<p>Khi mua: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MTC (Mill Test Certificate), ki\u1ec3m tra PMI\/XRF, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\u2013dung sai, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00f2 th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ve-sinh-bao-tri-va-tham-my\">V\u1ec7 sinh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch trung t\u00ednh, kh\u0103n m\u1ec1m; tr\u00e1nh ch\u00e0 nh\u00e1m th\u00f4, clo\/axit m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u01b0\u1edbc No.4\/HL: lau theo h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ven bi\u1ec3n: t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-gia-va-nguon-cung-tai-viet-nam-yeu-to-anh-huong\">Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim: gi\u00e1 Ni, Cr (s\u00e0n LME), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Ni bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh \u2192 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 304\/304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 (EU\/JP\/KR\/TW\/CN\/ID), ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea5m\/coil l\u1edbn, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t BA\/g\u01b0\u01a1ng, dung sai ch\u1eb7t \u2192 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 (ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.<br \/>\nKhuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: li\u00ean h\u1ec7 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 theo quy c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed\u2013ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-checklist-chon-dung-mac-va-be-mat-cho-du-an\">Checklist ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: trong nh\u00e0\/ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi\/ven bi\u1ec3n? Cl- \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh? Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh?<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: c\u00f3 h\u00e0n d\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 kh\u00ed: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n? C\u00f3 k\u00e9o s\u00e2u\/u\u1ed1n g\u1ea5p nh\u1ecf?<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1ec7 sinh: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m? Ch\u1ecdn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B\/BA\/No.4 m\u1ecbn, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9: No.4\/HL cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac; BA\/g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch: 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u; n\u1ebfu Cl- cao, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316; n\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem 430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-vi-du-ung-dung-dien-hinh-cua-304304l\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a 304\/304L<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u00e0n\u2013ch\u1eadu r\u1eeda, t\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng, b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t cho n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, s\u1eefa, bia, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lan can, m\u1eb7t d\u1ef1ng, \u1ed1p thang m\u00e1y; h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u00edt m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, d\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea1ch (v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh chu\u1ea9n).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, gi\u1ea5y, d\u1ec7t nhu\u1ed9m (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a Cl- cao).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-luu-y-chat-luong-va-nhan-biet-hang-gia\">L\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e9p th\u1eed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: 304 sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng PMI\/XRF \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Ni\/Cr; ki\u1ec3m tra MTC v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u heat number tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: 2B th\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t \u0111en\/\u0111\u1ed1m r\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch cho ph\u00e9p theo ASTM A480 ho\u1eb7c EN 9445\/10088.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-14-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A480, A312, A276, A403 \u2013 American Society for Testing and Materials.<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088 \u2013 Stainless steels (1.4301\/1.4307).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute: Guidelines for selection of stainless steels; Stainless Steels in Architecture, Building and Construction.<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook; Outokumpu 304\/304L datasheet.<br \/>\n&#8211; AK Steel (Cleveland-Cliffs) 304\/304L Stainless Steel Data Sheet.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-15-ket-luan-inox-304-co-phai-lua-chon-toi-uu\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Inox 304 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u?<\/h2>\n<p>N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, c\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, inox 304\/304L th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. 304 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u201cph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 gi\u1eefa ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00f3 clorua cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n\/h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, h\u00e3y n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean 316 ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ecdn 304L n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1ee7 sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n nhanh m\u00e1c, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, quy c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh \u2013 Hotline: 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch inox 304\/304L: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n 18\/8, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u00e0n\u2013gia c\u00f4ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh 201, 316. K\u00e8m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1573"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1573\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}