{"id":1578,"date":"2026-01-21T12:34:24","date_gmt":"2026-01-21T05:34:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-chong-an-mon-toi-uu-cho-bien-va-nganh-hoa-chat\/"},"modified":"2026-01-21T12:34:24","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T05:34:24","slug":"inox-316-316l-chong-an-mon-toi-uu-cho-bien-va-nganh-hoa-chat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-316-316l-chong-an-mon-toi-uu-cho-bien-va-nganh-hoa-chat\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox 316\/316L: Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-inox-316316l-la-gi-mac-thanh-phan-tinh-chat-chinh\">Inox 316\/316L l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u00e1c, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-vi-sao-316316l-chong-an-mon-clorua-tot-hon\">V\u00ec sao 316\/316L ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-hieu-suat-trong-cac-moi-truong-hoa-chat-thuong-gap\">Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-316-vs-316l-chon-loai-nao-cho-du-an\">316 vs 316L: Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-thiet-ke-gia-cong-va-bao-tri-de-toi-da-hoa-tuoi-th\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-huong-dan-nhanh-lua-chon-theo-dieu-kien-thuc-te\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nhanh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-tieu-chuan-san-pham-va-kiem-tra-chat-luong\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-faq-ky-thuat-nhanh\">FAQ k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 316\/316L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eaft khe. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u2013 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\/h\u00e0n\/b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, so s\u00e1nh 316 v\u1edbi 316L v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m \u201cPh\u00e2n t\u00edch Chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c M\u00e1c Inox Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u201d, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-inox-316316l-la-gi-mac-thanh-phan-tinh-chat-chinh\">Inox 316\/316L l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u00e1c, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<h3>M\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 316: UNS S31600; EN 1.4401 (ho\u1eb7c 1.4436 khi Mo cao h\u01a1n); JIS SUS316<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L: UNS S31603; EN 1.4404; JIS SUS316L<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng: t\u1ea5m\/coil (ASTM A240), \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac (ASTM A312\/A213), thanh (ASTM A276), ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n (ASTM A403), bul\u00f4ng (ASTM F593\/F594).<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 316: Cr 16\u201318%, Ni 10\u201314%, Mo 2.0\u20133.0%, C \u2264 0.08%<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L: t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 316 nh\u01b0ng C \u2264 0.03% \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbit khi h\u00e0n<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3: 316Ti (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng Ti), 316LN (c\u00f3 N t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n).<\/p>\n<h3>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (\u1edf 20\u00b0C, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh theo ASTM A240)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 316: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u2265 205 MPa; b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u2265 515 MPa<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u2265 170 MPa; b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u2265 485 MPa<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2264 217 HB. \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn ~870\u00b0C trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng oxy h\u00f3a (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c chu k\u1ef3).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-vi-sao-316316l-chong-an-mon-clorua-tot-hon\">V\u00ec sao 316\/316L ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/h2>\n<h3>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Mo v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Molypden (Mo) t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ion Cl\u2212.<br \/>\n&#8211; PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) \u2248 %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316\/316L \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 PREN \u2248 24\u201326 (cao h\u01a1n 304\/304L \u2248 18\u201319). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng r\u1ed7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (pitting) v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n khe (crevice) v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i, dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h3>Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng pitting\/crevice: CPT v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf bi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; CPT (Critical Pitting Temperature) c\u1ee7a 316 trong 3.5% NaCl th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201320\u00b0C; 304 ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng ~0\u20135\u00b0C; duplex 2205 ~25\u201335\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u00dd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m (\u226525\u201330\u00b0C), 316 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb pitting\/crevice n\u1ebfu ng\u00e2m l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf; \u1edf v\u00f9ng phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec3n (splash zone) v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang, 316\/316L v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n 304 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0102n m\u00f2n n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t (SCC) trong clorua<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Austenitic (304\/316) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb SCC trong Cl\u2212 khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 > 60\u00b0C, c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m\/clorua. 316 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi r\u1ee7i ro SCC cao (nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea5m + Cl\u2212 + t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o), c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc duplex 2205 ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau austenitic (904L\/6Mo).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-hieu-suat-trong-cac-moi-truong-hoa-chat-thuong-gap\">Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng, oxy, khe h\u1edf. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nhanh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7:<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit clohydric (HCl): kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho 316\/316L \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (pitting r\u1ea5t nhanh).<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit sunfuric (H2SO4): t\u1ed1t trong dung d\u1ecbch lo\u00e3ng, l\u1ea1nh (\u22645% \u0111\u1ebfn 60\u00b0C; ho\u1eb7c \u226420% \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng). N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea7n 904L\/AL-6XN ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p kim Ni.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit nitric (HNO3): 304\/316 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch nitric trung\u2013\u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba; 304 \u0111\u00f4i khi nh\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n Mo.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit photphoric (H3PO4): 316 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 Cl\u2212 t\u1ea1p l\u1eabn, c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Axit axetic\/axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1: 316\/316L nh\u00ecn chung r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i.<br \/>\n&#8211; NaOH\/KOH (ki\u1ec1m): kh\u00e1ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9; tr\u00e1nh l\u1eabn Cl\u2212 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro SCC.<br \/>\n&#8211; NaOCl\/Cl2\/bleach: oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh g\u00e2y pitting\/crevice nhanh; 316 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. D\u00f9ng titan, nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-316-vs-316l-chon-loai-nao-cho-du-an\">316 vs 316L: Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi: 316L (C \u22640.03%) gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (sensitization) v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi sau h\u00e0n; l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh: 316 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n, c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 450\u2013850\u00b0C: n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n tinh gi\u1edbi \u1edf d\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316Ti.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n m\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m, Cl\u2212 cao, khe h\u1edf kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh: 2205 (PREN ~35) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (H2SO4 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c), n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n n\u00f3ng + Cl\u2212 + H2S: 904L, 6Mo, hay h\u1ee3p kim Ni.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-thiet-ke-gia-cong-va-bao-tri-de-toi-da-hoa-tuoi-th\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/h2>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khe h\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdng b\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh khe h\u1edf <0.5 mm t\u1ea1i gio\u0103ng\/b\u00edch; d\u00f9ng gio\u0103ng full-face, mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.  \n- \u01afu ti\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ec5 r\u1eeda; tr\u00e1nh m\u1eafc b\u1eaby c\u00e1t\/mu\u1ed1i; v\u1eb7n si\u1ebft k\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.  \n- T\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n (galvanic): c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n 316 v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon\/nh\u00f4m\/\u0111\u1ed3ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.\n\n\n\n<h3>Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m th\u1ea5p gi\u00fap t\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng pitting: \u01b0u ti\u00ean No.2B\/BA, m\u00e0i h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn (Ra \u2264 0.5\u20130.8 \u03bcm), \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a b\u00f3ng (electropolish) khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 + th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a theo ASTM A380\/A967 (dung d\u1ecbch nitric\/citric); lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u1ec9 h\u00e0n, m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t (heat tint).<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh b\u1eafn bi b\u1eb1ng bi th\u00e9p carbon; d\u00f9ng h\u1ea1t g\u1ed1m\/inox s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n 316L (ER\/E308L-16? L\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c: ER316L\/OK 316L).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o, tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t; back-purge ch\u00e2n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y\/gi\u1eb7t passivation \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; R\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3: v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n n\u00ean 1\u20134 tu\u1ea7n\/l\u1ea7n t\u00f9y m\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1i; t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t trong m\u00f9a gi\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9a Cl\u2212; n\u1ebfu bu\u1ed9c d\u00f9ng, tr\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt ngay.<br \/>\n&#8211; Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n sinh h\u1ecdc, mu\u1ed1i k\u1ebft tinh; x\u1eed l\u00fd \u201c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0\u201d b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng inox, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-huong-dan-nhanh-lua-chon-theo-dieu-kien-thuc-te\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nhanh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec3n\/ven bi\u1ec3n (kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e2m, 20\u201335\u00b0C, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn): 316L ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; 304 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m (>20\u00b0C): 316\/316L th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n; d\u00f9ng 2205 ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 Cl\u2212 ~\u22641000 ppm \u1edf 20\u201325\u00b0C, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khe: 316L th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; n\u1ebfu 40\u201360\u00b0C, gi\u1ea3m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Cl\u2212 xu\u1ed1ng ~\u2264200\u2013300 ppm.<br \/>\n&#8211; Dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda\/kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 bleach: tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac k\u00e9o d\u00e0i; n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ng ngay.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 CIP th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\/d\u01b0\u1ee3c (axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1\/photphoric lo\u00e3ng, kh\u00f4ng Cl\u2212 t\u1ef1 do): 316L l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-ung-dung-dien-hinh-tai-viet-nam\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng, lan can ven bi\u1ec3n, thang \u2013 n\u1eafp h\u1ed1 ga khu x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n, \u1ed1ng, exchanger cho axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n photphat, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng RO, kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e2m l\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec).<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-tieu-chuan-san-pham-va-kiem-tra-chat-luong\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m\/coil), A312\/A213 (\u1ed1ng), A276 (thanh), A403 (ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n), EN 10088.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra: ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 MTC 3.1; PMI x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1c; th\u1eed \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 theo ASTM G48\/G150 khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u; ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ASTM A967.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi c\u00f4ng: l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch theo ASTM A380; th\u1eed k\u00edn, n\u1ed9i soi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-faq-ky-thuat-nhanh\">FAQ k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 316\/316L c\u00f3 \u201cr\u1ec9 s\u00e9t\u201d kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Inox kh\u00f4ng \u201cr\u1ec9\u201d theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p carbon, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1ed1 n\u00e2u (tea staining) ho\u1eb7c pitting khi sai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\/ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n\/b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng 316 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng; nguy c\u01a1 pitting\/crevice cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t >20\u00b0C. Ch\u1ecdn 2205 tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng 316 thay v\u00ec 304?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Khi c\u00f3 Cl\u2212 (bi\u1ec3n, mu\u1ed1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p), axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1\/photphoric; 316 ch\u1ed1ng pitting t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Stainless Steels in Seawater; Guidelines for the Use of Stainless Steel in Chloride Environments (nickelinstitute.org).<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu \u2013 Corrosion Handbook, latest edition (outokumpu.com).<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA (International Molybdenum Association) \u2013 Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Stainless Steels; Selecting Molybdenum-Containing Stainless Steels (imoa.info).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM Standards: A240, A312, A380, A967, G48, G150 (astm.org).<br \/>\n&#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 \u2013 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng H2S (nace.org\/iso.org).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 316\/316L \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1edd Mo (PREN ~24\u201326).<br \/>\n&#8211; 316L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n; 316 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi c\u1ea7n b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trong bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c Cl\u2212 cao, 316\/316L v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (CPT ~10\u201320\u00b0C trong 3.5% NaCl); n\u1ebfu ng\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c hay c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc duplex 2205 ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m khe, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn inox 316\/316L: th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, PREN, CPT, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Cl-, kh\u00e1ng axit; so s\u00e1nh 316 vs 316L v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, h\u00e0n, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1039,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1578"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1578\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}