{"id":1583,"date":"2026-01-22T12:34:25","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T05:34:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thanh-phan-inox-304-vai-tro-quyet-dinh-cua-niken-va-crom\/"},"modified":"2026-01-22T12:34:25","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T05:34:25","slug":"thanh-phan-inox-304-vai-tro-quyet-dinh-cua-niken-va-crom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thanh-phan-inox-304-vai-tro-quyet-dinh-cua-niken-va-crom\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Inox 304: Vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Niken v\u00e0 Crom"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-tieu-chuan-cua-inox-304\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Inox 304<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-vi-sao-crom-la-la-chan-an-mon\">V\u00ec sao Crom l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e1 ch\u1eafn\u201d \u0103n m\u00f2n?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-niken-bo-khung-austenit-va-nhung-tinh-nang-keo-the\">Niken \u2013 \u201cb\u1ed9 khung\u201d austenit v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng k\u00e9o theo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-tuong-tac-nicr-can-bang-toi-uu-va-han\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c Ni\u2013Cr: c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-vai-tro-cac-nguyen-to-khac-trong-304\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong 304<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-thong-so-co-tinh-va-vung-nhiet-do-lam-viec-lien-he\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-he-qua-thuc-te-khi-thay-doi-thanh-phan-cac-bai-hoc\">H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u2013 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-kiem-soat-chat-luong-chung-chi-va-thu-nhanh-tai-xu\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 th\u1eed nhanh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-304-304l-316-hay-201-chon-the-nao\">304, 304L, 316 hay 201 \u2013 ch\u1ecdn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-hoi-dap-nhanh\">H\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox 304 l\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gia d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. \u1ede g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Niken (Ni) v\u00e0 Crom (Cr) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a 304: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai, t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, vai tr\u00f2 Ni\u2013Cr, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang 304\/304L\/316 theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-thanh-phan-hoa-hoc-tieu-chuan-cua-inox-304\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Inox 304<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n tham chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: ASTM A240\/A276 (M\u1ef9), EN 10088 (Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u), JIS G4304\/4305 (Nh\u1eadt).<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 304 (UNS S30400, EN 1.4301) \u2013 d\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh theo ASTM A240:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cr: 18.0\u201320.0%<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ni: 8.0\u201310.5%<br \/>\n  &#8211; C: \u2264 0.08%<br \/>\n  &#8211; Mn: \u2264 2.00%<br \/>\n  &#8211; Si: \u2264 0.75\u20131.00% (t\u00f9y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n)<br \/>\n  &#8211; P: \u2264 0.045%<br \/>\n  &#8211; S: \u2264 0.030%<br \/>\n  &#8211; N: \u2264 0.10%<br \/>\n  &#8211; Fe: Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 304L (UNS S30403, EN 1.4307) \u2013 \u201cL\u201d = Low Carbon:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C: \u2264 0.03% (gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh khi h\u00e0n)<br \/>\n  &#8211; Cr: 18.0\u201320.0%<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ni: kho\u1ea3ng 8.0\u201312.0% (d\u1ea3i Ni r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n t\u00f9y l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\/ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n)<\/p>\n<p>Ghi ch\u00fa t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng:<br \/>\n&#8211; JIS SUS304 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 304\/1.4301; SUS304L t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 304L\/1.4307.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-vi-sao-crom-la-la-chan-an-mon\">V\u00ec sao Crom l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e1 ch\u1eafn\u201d \u0103n m\u00f2n?<\/h2>\n<p>Crom l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00ednh \u201cstainless\u201d. Khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cr \u2265 ~10.5%, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng Cr2O3 si\u00eau m\u1ecfng, b\u1ec1n, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o khi b\u1ecb x\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 oxy. \u1ede 304, m\u1ee9c 18\u201320% Cr gi\u00fap:<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng oxy h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu \u201cscaling\u201d t\u1ed1t t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 870\u2013925\u00b0C t\u00f9y ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\/gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1eb9t k\u1ebd (pitting\/crevice) th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN.<\/p>\n<h3>PREN v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 Cl-<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number): PREN = %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1edbi 304 (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a Mo, N t\u1ed1i \u0111a 0.10%): PREN x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 18\u201320.<br \/>\n&#8211; So s\u00e1nh: 316 c\u00f3 Mo ~2.0\u20132.5% \u2192 PREN ~ 24\u201326, ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 Cl- t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3: 304 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb; c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316 \u1edf ven bi\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 clo\/ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch cao.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0102n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a C th\u1ea5p (304L)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00f9ng 450\u2013850\u00b0C c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbit Cr23C6 t\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t \u2192 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t Cr c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c gia nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i).<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<br \/>\n  &#8211; D\u00f9ng 304L (C \u2264 0.03%) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cacbit.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng th\u00e9p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a (321 v\u1edbi Ti, 347 v\u1edbi Nb) cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea9y m\u00e0u h\u00e0n (heat tint) v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp Cr2O3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-niken-bo-khung-austenit-va-nhung-tinh-nang-keo-the\">Niken \u2013 \u201cb\u1ed9 khung\u201d austenit v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng k\u00e9o theo<\/h2>\n<p>Niken l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh pha austenit (m\u1ea1ng FCC), mang l\u1ea1i:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (cryogenic).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7 (annealed). L\u01b0u \u00fd: 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i do mactenxit bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng form t\u1ed1t (k\u00e9o s\u00e2u, u\u1ed1n) v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh (c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh v\u00e0o gia c\u00f4ng).<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong clorua \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (d\u00f9 Mo m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho pitting).<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd chi ph\u00ed: Gi\u00e1 Ni bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4i khi thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1c 201 (Ni th\u1ea5p, Mn+N cao) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo s\u1ebd k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-tuong-tac-nicr-can-bang-toi-uu-va-han\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c Ni\u2013Cr: c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>Ni v\u00e0 Cr ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n austenit, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ferit delta nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n&#8211; S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Schaeffler\/DeLong \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Cr_eq\/Ni_eq; FN (Ferrite Number) kho\u1ea3ng 3\u201310 th\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n 304\/304L.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: ER308\/ER308L (GTAW\/GMAW) ho\u1eb7c E308\/E308L (SMAW).<br \/>\n&#8211; Sau h\u00e0n: lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-vai-tro-cac-nguyen-to-khac-trong-304\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong 304<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Carbon (C \u2264 0.08%\/0.03% v\u1edbi 304L): t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh; c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Mangan (Mn \u2264 2.0%): h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u1eed oxy trong luy\u1ec7n kim; \u1edf m\u00e1c Ni th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 201, Mn cao gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n so v\u1edbi 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; Silic (Si \u2264 0.75\u20131.0%): c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1eed oxy v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu oxy h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t cao; qu\u00e1 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Phospho (P \u2264 0.045%) v\u00e0 L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S \u2264 0.030%): t\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c g\u00e2y gi\u00f2n\/gi\u1ea3m dai; m\u00e1c free-cutting c\u00f3 S cao kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nit\u01a1 (N \u2264 0.10%): m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u0103ng b\u1ec1n dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u0103ng PREN; h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng nh\u1eb9 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-thong-so-co-tinh-va-vung-nhiet-do-lam-viec-lien-he\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u: ~515 MPa; gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y: ~205 MPa; gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i \u2265 40% (t\u1ea5m\/coil theo ASTM A240).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: HRB \u2264 92 (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee7).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: ch\u1ecbu oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t t\u1edbi ~870\u2013925\u00b0C (c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gi\u00f2n do sigma\/nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m li\u00ean tinh trong d\u1ea3i 450\u2013850\u00b0C). T\u00ednh dai r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m s\u00e2u.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh: c\u1ea7n \u1ee7 ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb\/\u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-he-qua-thuc-te-khi-thay-doi-thanh-phan-cac-bai-hoc\">H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u2013 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u201cNam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat = kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i inox 304\u201d l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. 304 sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u00fat nh\u1eb9. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1eadt\/gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ni th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n d\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p h\u00e0ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1c 201 b\u1ecb \u201c\u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ed1t\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng minh h\u1ecda:<br \/>\n  &#8211; B\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u00e0, b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch: 304\/304L ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, CIP c\u00f3 clo\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao: n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn 316 thay v\u00ec 304.<br \/>\n  &#8211; K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n d\u00e0y: \u01b0u ti\u00ean 304L \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh; x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac clo: 304 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ed7\/k\u1eb9t k\u1ebd trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ion Cl- (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebd h\u1edf). Gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro b\u1eb1ng: ch\u1ecdn 316, gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf, v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-kiem-soat-chat-luong-chung-chi-va-thu-nhanh-tai-xu\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 th\u1eed nhanh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Mill Test Certificate (MTC) theo ASTM\/EN\/JIS v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i Cr, Ni, C, N\u2026 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; PMI t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7:<br \/>\n  &#8211; XRF c\u1ea7m tay x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh Cr, Ni, Mn, Mo\u2026 (kh\u00f4ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C v\u00e0 N).<br \/>\n  &#8211; Mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn 304L (C \u2264 0.03%) c\u1ea7n quang ph\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 (OES) ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau h\u00e0n: t\u1ea9y x\u1ec9\/m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp Cr2O3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-304-304l-316-hay-201-chon-the-nao\">304, 304L, 316 hay 201 \u2013 ch\u1ecdn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 304 khi:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0\/ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng clorua cao; c\u1ea7n form t\u1ed1t, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 304L khi:<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u00e0y, nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh; c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n sau h\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ecdn 316 khi:<br \/>\n  &#8211; Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac clorua, ven bi\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 Mo h\u1eefu \u00edch; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/k\u1eb9t k\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh 201 cho:<br \/>\n  &#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n trung b\u00ecnh\u2013kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t; ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0, kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-hoi-dap-nhanh\">H\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00ec sao 304 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201c\u1ed1 g\u1ec9\u201d?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Do nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, k\u1ebd h\u1edf t\u00edch mu\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n k\u00e9m. T\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch\/th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304 c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng clo?<br \/>\n  &#8211; C\u00f3, n\u1ebfu n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebd h\u1edf, v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. V\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng\/clo cao n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 316.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khi n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 304L thay v\u00ec 304?<br \/>\n  &#8211; Khi c\u00f3 h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh; 304L gi\u00fap an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-nguon-tham-khao\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A240\/A240M \u2013 Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A276 \u2013 Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes (astm.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; EN 10088-1\/2 \u2013 Stainless steels (cen.eu)<br \/>\n&#8211; JIS G4304\/G4305 \u2013 Hot-rolled\/Cold-rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip (jisc.go.jp)<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 The Role of Nickel in Stainless Steels; Guidelines for Corrosion (nickelinstitute.org)<br \/>\n&#8211; Outokumpu Stainless Steel Handbook; Grade 304\/304L datasheet (outokumpu.com)<br \/>\n&#8211; AK Steel\/ATI Type 304\/304L Stainless Steel Data Sheet (aksteel.com \/ atimetals.com)<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA \u2013 Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (imoa.info)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Inox 304 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh ti\u1ebfng \u201cchu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa 18\u201320% Crom (t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n) v\u00e0 8\u201310.5% Niken (\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh austenit, t\u0103ng d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng). C gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p trong 304L gi\u00fap an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n khi h\u00e0n, c\u00f2n Mo \u1edf 316 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 Cl-. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (c\u00f3 Cl- kh\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, k\u1ebd h\u1edf), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o (c\u00f3 h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n; th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh sau h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n m\u00e1c th\u00e9p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 c\u1ea1nh tranh? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox Cuong Thinh: Hotline 0343.417.281 \u2013 Email inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Inox 304 v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Niken, Crom t\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh, h\u00e0n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn 304\/304L\/316 theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1017,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1583"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1583\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}