{"id":1589,"date":"2026-01-24T00:34:24","date_gmt":"2026-01-23T17:34:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-duplex-la-gi-cau-truc-tinh-nang-mac-thep-va-ung-dung\/"},"modified":"2026-01-24T00:34:24","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T17:34:24","slug":"inox-duplex-la-gi-cau-truc-tinh-nang-mac-thep-va-ung-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inox-duplex-la-gi-cau-truc-tinh-nang-mac-thep-va-ung-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"Inox Duplex l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-inox-duplex-la-gi-vi-cau-truc-va-nguyen-ly-uu-viet\">Inox Duplex l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-phan-nhom-va-cac-mac-duplex-thong-dung\">Ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c Duplex th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-tinh-chat-co-tinh-va-nhiet\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-chong-an-mon-vi-sao-duplex-vuot-troi\">Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: v\u00ec sao Duplex v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-voi-inox-austenit-va-ferit-pho-bien\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh v\u1edbi inox austenit v\u00e0 ferit ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-ung-dung-dien-hinh-va-goi-y-chon-mac\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-dang-san-pham-va-tieu-chuan\">D\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-gia-cong-che-tao-diem-can-kiem-soat\">Gia c\u00f4ng \u2013 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o: \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-thiet-ke-va-lap-dat\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-nghiem-thu\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-chi-phi-va-hieu-qua-vong-doi\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-11-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-12-nguon-tham-khao-tieu-bieu\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Inox Duplex (th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song pha) l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai \u201ch\u1ecd\u201d inox austenit v\u00e0 ferit trong m\u1ed9t vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kho\u1ea3ng 50\/50, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: khi 304\/316 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7n, Duplex th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-inox-duplex-la-gi-vi-cau-truc-va-nguyen-ly-uu-viet\">Inox Duplex l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p austenit + ferit g\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Cr\u2013Ni\u2013Mo\u2013N v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed9i. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 pha m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u01b0\u1eddng 35\u201365% m\u1ed7i pha \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t:<br \/>\n  + Ferit mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y cao v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t clorua (SCC).<br \/>\n  + Austenit mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y cao g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i inox austenit th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng pitting\/crevice v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u1edd Mo v\u00e0 N.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-phan-nhom-va-cac-mac-duplex-thong-dung\">Ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c Duplex th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<h3>Lean Duplex<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2101 (UNS S32101), 2304 (UNS S32304).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: thay th\u1ebf 304\/316 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea3m Ni nh\u1edd b\u1ed5 sung N.<br \/>\n&#8211; PREN tham chi\u1ebfu: ~26\u201330 (c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c PREN \u2248 %Cr + 3.3\u00d7%Mo + 16\u00d7%N).<\/p>\n<h3>Standard Duplex<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t: 2205 (UNS S32205\/S31803).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: Cr 21\u201323%, Ni 4.5\u20136.5%, Mo 2.5\u20133.5%, N 0.14\u20130.20%.<br \/>\n&#8211; PREN ~34\u201336. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u gi\u1eefa b\u1ec1n, d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cho \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h3>Super Duplex<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2507 (UNS S32750), S32760.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: Cr 24\u201326%, Ni 6\u20138%, Mo 3\u20134%, N ~0.24\u20130.32%, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam Cu\/W.<br \/>\n&#8211; PREN \u226540. D\u00f9ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clorua\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>Hyper Duplex<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; V\u00ed d\u1ee5: S32707, S33207 (\u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn).<br \/>\n&#8211; PREN >49. D\u00e0nh cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ef1c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam.<\/p>\n<p>(Ngu\u1ed3n: Outokumpu Duplex Stainless Steel Handbook; Nickel Institute; IMOA)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-tinh-chat-co-tinh-va-nhiet\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y 0,2%:<br \/>\n  + 304\/316: ~210\u2013240 MPa<br \/>\n  + 2205: ~450\u2013550 MPa<br \/>\n  + 2507: th\u01b0\u1eddng ~550 MPa tr\u1edf l\u00ean<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o: 2205 ~700\u2013800+ MPa; \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i 25\u201335% (t\u00f9y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\/ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 dai va \u0111\u1eadp: cao, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng \u221240 \u00b0C (chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u221250 \u0111\u1ebfn ~250 \u00b0C li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Tr\u00ean ~250\u2013300 \u00b0C nguy c\u01a1 gi\u00f2n do pha intermetal (sigma) v\u00e0 \u201c475 \u00b0C embrittlement\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh do pha ferit (kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi 304\/316 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb).<\/p>\n<p>(Tham kh\u1ea3o: ASTM A240 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u01a1 t\u00ednh t\u1ea5m; d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-chong-an-mon-vi-sao-duplex-vuot-troi\">Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n: v\u00ec sao Duplex v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Pitting\/crevice trong clorua: Mo v\u00e0 N n\u00e2ng PREN v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 pitting t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (CPT). 2205 c\u00f3 CPT cao h\u01a1n 316L r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t; 2507 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<br \/>\n&#8211; SCC trong clorua n\u00f3ng: Duplex kh\u00e1ng SCC t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n austenit; 2205 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ebfn ~100 \u00b0C trong nhi\u1ec1u dung d\u1ecbch Cl\u2212 n\u01a1i 304\/316 d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t t\u1eeb ~60 \u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0102n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1ecfi \u0103n m\u00f2n: \u01b0u th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi 316L trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 Cl\u2212.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chua (H2S): c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh; 22Cr (2205) v\u00e0 25Cr (super duplex) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed sour service v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>(B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng: ASTM G48 th\u1eed pitting; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156; Nickel Institute)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-voi-inox-austenit-va-ferit-pho-bien\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh v\u1edbi inox austenit v\u00e0 ferit ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; So v\u1edbi 304\/316:<br \/>\n  + \u01afu: b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i; kh\u00e1ng SCC\/clorua v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y.<br \/>\n  + Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n; h\u00e0n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t; nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb.<br \/>\n&#8211; So v\u1edbi 430\/446 (ferit):<br \/>\n  + \u01afu: d\u1ebbo dai, h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n clorua cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<br \/>\n  + Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c: gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n ferit th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-ung-dung-dien-hinh-va-goi-y-chon-mac\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/kh\u1eed m\u1eb7n, b\u01a1m, van, \u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t: 2507\/S32760.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i, \u1ed1ng ng\u1ea7m, umbilical, gi\u1ebfng chua: 2205 ho\u1eb7c super duplex theo NACE.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y\u2013gi\u1ea5y, FGD (kh\u1eed SOx), b\u1ed3n b\u1ec3, trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t: 2205.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u1ea7u, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ven bi\u1ec3n, tay v\u1ecbn, bu l\u00f4ng neo: 2205; lean duplex n\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1eb7n: 2304 ho\u1eb7c 2205.<br \/>\nG\u1ee3i \u00fd nhanh theo m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<br \/>\n&#8211; Cl\u2212 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh, T < 50 \u00b0C: 2304\/2101 thay 304\/316.  \n- Cl\u2212 trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao, T 50\u201380 \u00b0C: 2205.  \n- N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, T \u2265 60 \u00b0C, ch\u00eanh oxy: 2507\/S32760.\n\n(Tham kh\u1ea3o: IMOA, Outokumpu, DNV\/NORSOK khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u)\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-dang-san-pham-va-tieu-chuan\">D\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea5m\/l\u00e1: ASTM A240\/A240M (2205, 2507, 2304&#8230;).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n\/\u0111\u00fac: ASTM A790 (\u1ed1ng), ASTM A928 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n h\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i), ASTM A789 (\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t).<br \/>\n&#8211; Thanh, c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng: ASTM A276\/A479.<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u00e8n, m\u1eb7t b\u00edch: ASTM A182.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0103n m\u00f2n\/pha intermetal: ASTM A923 (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p A\/B\/C, chuy\u00ean cho duplex).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-gia-cong-che-tao-diem-can-kiem-soat\">Gia c\u00f4ng \u2013 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o: \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/h2>\n<h3>T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; L\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh cao h\u01a1n 304\/316; d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, Rmin th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2248 2\u20133 l\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y; t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn springback cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt: t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m ~20\u201330% so v\u1edbi 316; d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee9ng, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e0n Duplex (GTAW\/GMAW\/SMAW)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng austenit\u2013ferit; tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y pha sigma\/intermetal.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh:<br \/>\n  + Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp: interpass th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2264150 \u00b0C.<br \/>\n  + Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 purging c\u00f3 N2 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Ar + 2\u20133% N2) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 austenit; m\u1eb7t sau m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u1ea7n purge s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n  + Que\/t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng ER\/E 2209 (cho 2205), ER\/E 2594 (cho 2507).<br \/>\n  + Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n preheat; kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb PWHT; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxy h\u00f3a (heat tint) b\u1eb1ng pickling\/passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ferrite: m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 30\u201370% pha ferit trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (ki\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng ferritescope khi c\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n<p>(Ngu\u1ed3n: TWI \u2013 The Welding Institute; datasheet nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-thiet-ke-va-lap-dat\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y: nh\u1edd b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y so v\u1edbi 316L, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ecfi.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c: tr\u00e1nh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e2u tr\u00ean ~250\u2013300 \u00b0C; xem x\u00e9t th\u1eddi gian\u2013nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cho r\u1ee7i ro embrittlement.<br \/>\n&#8211; C c\u00e1ch (CUI): d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a clorua; duy tr\u00ec tho\u00e1t \u1ea9m t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u00e9p carbon: tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do; l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, passivate sau ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-kiem-tra-chat-luong-va-nghiem-thu\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1eed pitting G48 cho m\u00e1c\/purpose nh\u1ea1y \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A923 (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p A: t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0103n m\u00f2n; B: nhu\u1ed9m th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u; C: \u0111\u1ed9 dai) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n pha intermetal.<br \/>\n&#8211; PMI x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n; \u0111o ferrite m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n; NDT (PT\/RT\/UT) theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pickling v\u00e0 passivation \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-chi-phi-va-hieu-qua-vong-doi\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u00e1 h\u1ee3p kim: Duplex th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n 316L m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi si\u00eau austenit (904L, 6Mo) hay h\u1ee3p kim Ni nh\u1edd h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; T\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu (TCO):<br \/>\n  + Gi\u1ea3m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n  + Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i h\u01a1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl\u2212.<br \/>\n  + B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u00edt h\u01a1n do kh\u00e1ng SCC\/pitting.<br \/>\nK\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: th\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n 316L\/904L trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 clorua.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-11-cau-hoi-thuong-gap\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox Duplex c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3, do pha ferit; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 c\u1ea7n passivation? C\u00f3; sau h\u00e0n\/t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 n\u00ean passivate \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3; 2205 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, 2507\/S32760 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf 316L m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng; \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc super\/hyper duplex ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim Ni.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-12-nguon-tham-khao-tieu-bieu\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Outokumpu Duplex Stainless Steel Handbook.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute: Guidelines on Duplex Stainless Steels.<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA \u2013 International Molybdenum Association: Duplex Stainless Steel.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240, A789, A790, A182, A923; ASTM G48.<br \/>\n&#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 (sour service).<br \/>\n&#8211; TWI \u2013 Guidance on Welding Duplex Stainless Steel.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-13-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Inox Duplex l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh\u201d gi\u1eefa austenit v\u00e0 ferit: b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i 304\/316, kh\u00e1ng SCC v\u00e0 pitting clorua v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u1edbi d\u1ea3i m\u00e1c t\u1eeb lean (2304\/2101) \u0111\u1ebfn standard (2205) v\u00e0 super (2507\/S32760), Duplex bao ph\u1ee7 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Duplex ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o\u2013h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang, Duplex mang l\u1ea1i chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u inox Duplex: vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac austenit\u2013ferit 50\/50, c\u01a1 t\u00ednh g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i 304\/316, kh\u00e1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n Cl- v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i; m\u00e1c 2101\/2205\/2507, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1009,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1589"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1589\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1009"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}