{"id":1593,"date":"2026-01-25T00:34:12","date_gmt":"2026-01-24T17:34:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-biet-inox-201-304-316-430-bang-mat-thuong-va-thu-nhanh-2\/"},"modified":"2026-01-25T00:34:12","modified_gmt":"2026-01-24T17:34:12","slug":"phan-biet-inox-201-304-316-430-bang-mat-thuong-va-thu-nhanh-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/phan-biet-inox-201-304-316-430-bang-mat-thuong-va-thu-nhanh-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Inox 201, 304, 316, 430 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eed nhanh"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-nhung-mac-inox-can-phan-biet-va-y-nghia-thuc-te\">Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1c inox c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-nguyen-tac-nhan-dien-nhanh-ban-can-nam\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhanh b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-quy-trinh-6-buoc-phan-biet-tai-hien-truong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-huong-dan-thao-tac-chi-tiet-va-an-toan\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thao t\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-tom-tat-nhan-dien-nhanh-theo-to-hop-dau-hieu\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhanh theo t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-meo-thuc-te-de-tranh-nham-lan-dac-biet-201-gia-304\">M\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 201 gi\u1ea3 304)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-khi-nao-can-pmi-bang-thiet-bi-chuyen-dung\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n PMI b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-tinh-huong-ung-dung-dien-hinh\">T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-sai-lam-pho-bien-can-tranh\">Sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao-chinh\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (201, 304, 316, 430\u2026) ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft v\u00e0 v\u00e0i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed9i thi c\u00f4ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00e1c inox, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh, \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-nhung-mac-inox-can-phan-biet-va-y-nghia-thuc-te\">Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1c inox c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Inox 201 (austenitic, Ni th\u1ea5p, Mn cao): Gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4; d\u1ec5 \u201c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0\u201d\/r\u1ec9 nh\u1eb9 \u1edf v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n, \u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 304\/304L (austenitic, 18Cr-8Ni): Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1\/b\u1ec1n; ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t trong \u0111a s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng-c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 316\/316L (austenitic, c\u00f3 Mo ~2%): Ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 pitting\/\u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd g\u1ea5p trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng clo, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 430 (ferritic, ~16-18%Cr, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni): T\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n 304; d\u00f9ng cho trang tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0, v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Inox 410\/420 (martensitic, Cr th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 430, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng): T\u1eeb t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh, c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n; ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m; hay d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m dao, tr\u1ee5c, bu l\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: 304L, 316L l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00f9ng HAZ khi h\u00e0n; kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng th\u1eed nhanh so v\u1edbi 304, 316 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-nguyen-tac-nhan-dien-nhanh-ban-can-nam\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhanh b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cchu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng\u201d: 304\/316 nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng sau c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i, u\u1ed1n, h\u00e0n\u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9. 430, 410\/420 h\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh. (Ngu\u1ed3n: ASSDA; BSSA)<br \/>\n&#8211; R\u1ec9 n\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u201cinox k\u00e9m\u201d: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c th\u00e9p) ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c passivation sau gia c\u00f4ng. (ASTM A380\/A967)<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t BA, 2B, HL, No.4 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft so v\u1edbi 304; c\u1ea7n th\u1eed Mo (Moly drop) ho\u1eb7c quan s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh vi trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a clorua.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-quy-trinh-6-buoc-phan-biet-tai-hien-truong\">Quy tr\u00ecnh 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1t m\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p carbon b\u1eb1ng th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng sunfat (CuSO4)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: Dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 10% v\u00e0 1\u20132% HCl (theo ASTM A380); b\u00f4ng t\u0103m.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m: L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed (m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9\/gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m m\u1ecbn), nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a b\u00e1m n\u00e2u\/\u0111\u1ecf nhanh \u2192 c\u00f3 s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do\/kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i inox. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m \u2192 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 inox ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ghi ch\u00fa: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nhanh, h\u1eefu \u00edch khi h\u00e0ng l\u1eabn th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng. (ASTM A380\/A967)<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00fat r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 \u2192 nh\u00f3m austenitic (201\/304\/316).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00fat m\u1ea1nh, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u2192 ferritic\/martensitic (430\/410\/420).<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u1eb9o: Th\u1eed \u1edf v\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng (gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5m, c\u00e1ch m\u00e9p u\u1ed1n\/h\u00e0n) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb do bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed9i. (ASSDA; BSSA)<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u sau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 201: D\u1ec5 \u201c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0\u201d\/\u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ec9 nh\u1ecf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m, m\u1eb7n; xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm quanh m\u00e9p c\u1eaft, v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304: \u00cdt khi r\u1ec9 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb\/kh\u00f4; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng do nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; 316: Gi\u1eef s\u00e1ng s\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 304 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9.<br \/>\n&#8211; 430: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ec9n\/r\u1ec9 nh\u1eb9 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi; trong nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed5n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5% (NaCl) \u2013 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 201, 430 v\u1edbi 304\/316<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Pha 5 g mu\u1ed1i \u0103n trong 100 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ecf 1\u20132 gi\u1ecdt l\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u\/m\u1ee1, \u0111\u1ec3 24\u201348 gi\u1edd.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; 201: Th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ebft n\u00e2u nh\u1ecf sau 12\u201324 gi\u1edd trong kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea9m.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ec9 nh\u1eb9 sau 24\u201348 gi\u1edd.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 304: \u00cdt\/kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; 316: Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i sau 48 gi\u1edd.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\/\u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eddi gian; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa m\u1eabu c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Th\u1eed Moly-drop \u2013 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 304 v\u00e0 316<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: B\u1ed9 test Molybdenum spot (Moly-drop) th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m: L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed, nh\u1ecf 1 gi\u1ecdt thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed; 316\/316L (c\u00f3 Mo) cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0u (\u0111\u1ecf\/h\u1ed3ng t\u00f9y b\u1ed9 test) trong ~1\u20135 ph\u00fat; 304 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Nhanh, t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, \u00edt ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Tham kh\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 test.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: T\u00e1ch 430 v\u1edbi 410\/420 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tia l\u1eeda<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/gia c\u00f4ng: 410\/420 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, kh\u00f3 c\u01b0a c\u1eaft h\u01a1n 430; c\u1ea1nh c\u1eaft \u201cgi\u00f2n\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tia l\u1eeda (d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y m\u00e0i, an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7):<br \/>\n  &#8211; 410\/420: Tia nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 ch\u00f9m n\u1ed5 (do C cao h\u01a1n).<br \/>\n  &#8211; 430: Tia th\u01b0a, \u00edt ch\u00f9m n\u1ed5.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh, c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-huong-dan-thao-tac-chi-tiet-va-an-toan\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thao t\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: T\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 (c\u1ed3n\/acetone), m\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf l\u1edbp b\u1ea9n\/nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: G\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, k\u00ednh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 khi d\u00f9ng axit\/dung d\u1ecbch th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trung h\u00f2a\/r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch sau th\u1eed: N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch + dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9 (NaHCO3) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u1eed axit.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-tom-tat-nhan-dien-nhanh-theo-to-hop-dau-hieu\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhanh theo t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh + r\u1ec9 nh\u1eb9 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u2192 430.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh + r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, tia l\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u \u2192 410\/420.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u00fat nam ch\u00e2m r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9\/kh\u00f4ng \u2192 201\/304\/316:<br \/>\n  &#8211; R\u1ec9 nhanh trong th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5% \u2192 201.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9 trong th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5%; Moly-drop \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u \u2192 316.<br \/>\n  &#8211; Kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9 trong th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5%; Moly-drop kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u \u2192 304.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-meo-thuc-te-de-tranh-nham-lan-dac-biet-201-gia-304\">M\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 201 gi\u1ea3 304)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra MTC\/COC v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u d\u1eadp m\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng, t\u1ea5m; \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (ASTM A240 cho t\u1ea5m, A312 cho \u1ed1ng\u2026).<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e2n th\u1eed c\u1ea3 b\u00f3\/ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn (kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a): 430 ~7.7\u20137.9 g\/cm3; 300 series ~8.0 g\/cm3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i nhanh song song 2 m\u1eabu nghi ng\u1edd; k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c quan.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng \u201cnam ch\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat l\u00e0 304\u201d \u2013 201 c\u0169ng \u00edt h\u00fat; 304 c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-khi-nao-can-pmi-bang-thiet-bi-chuyen-dung\">Khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n PMI b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u00e1c\/traceability, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ee7i ro cao (h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i), k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u2192 d\u00f9ng s\u00fang XRF\/OES \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u NCR\/COC t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng\u201d khi c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd\/k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-tinh-huong-ung-dung-dien-hinh\">T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Lan can ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ven bi\u1ec3n: 304 b\u1ecb \u201c\u1ed1 tr\u00e0\u201d, 316 gi\u1eef s\u00e1ng s\u1ea1ch; x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nhanh b\u1eb1ng Moly-drop tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thi c\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: 430 d\u00f9ng cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1p kh\u00f4; 304 cho b\u1ed3n, ch\u1eadu; th\u1eed nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i gi\u00fap ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khung m\u00e1y trong x\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9: \u01afu ti\u00ean 316; tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ed3n kho l\u1eabn 304\/316 \u2192 test Moly-drop t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-sai-lam-pho-bien-can-tranh\">Sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 th\u1eed 1 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng axit m\u1ea1nh (HCl, H2SO4) tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ecf qua y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n khi m\u00e0i, th\u1eed h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-tai-lieu-tham-khao-chinh\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASSDA \u2013 Magnetism in Stainless Steel; v\u00e0 FAQ v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u00e1c inox: assda.asn.au<br \/>\n&#8211; BSSA \u2013 Magnetic properties of stainless steels: bssa.org.uk<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A380\/A967 \u2013 L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng; ph\u00e9p th\u1eed CuSO4 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1eaft t\u1ef1 do.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM G48 \u2013 Ferric chloride pitting test (tham chi\u1ebfu ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m).<br \/>\n&#8211; Nickel Institute \u2013 Guidelines for selection of stainless steels in chloride environments: nickelinstitute.org<br \/>\n&#8211; IMOA \u2013 Molybdenum in stainless steels (gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vai tr\u00f2 Mo trong 316): imoainfo.org<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-10-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t inox 201, 304, 316, 430 nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e3y \u0111i theo quy tr\u00ecnh: lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng (CuSO4) \u2192 nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m \u2192 quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2192 th\u1eed mu\u1ed1i 5% \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch 201\/430 kh\u1ecfi 304\/316 \u2192 Moly-drop \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1t 304 hay 316 \u2192 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/tia l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch 430 v\u1edbi 410\/420. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb PMI trong \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u2013 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c inox ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nHotline: 0343.417.281<br \/>\nEmail: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Inox 201, 304, 316, 430 t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng: quan s\u00e1t, nam ch\u00e2m, mu\u1ed1i 5%, Moly-drop, tia l\u1eeda. Quy tr\u00ecnh 6 b\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb9o tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m 201 th\u00e0nh 304.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1593","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1593"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1593\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1593"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}