{"id":1662,"date":"2026-02-11T12:34:43","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T05:34:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/giai-ma-astm-a312-a270-a778-tieu-chuan-ong-inox-cong-nghiep-pho-bien\/"},"modified":"2026-02-11T12:34:43","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T05:34:43","slug":"giai-ma-astm-a312-a270-a778-tieu-chuan-ong-inox-cong-nghiep-pho-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/giai-ma-astm-a312-a270-a778-tieu-chuan-ong-inox-cong-nghiep-pho-bien\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ASTM A312, A270, A778: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng Inox c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-tom-tat-nhanh-nen-chon-tieu-chuan-nao\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-astm-a312-ong-inox-austenitic-cho-dich-vu-an-mon-v\">ASTM A312 \u2013 \u1ed0ng Inox austenitic cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-astm-a270-ong-inox-sanitary-cho-thuc-pham-do-uong\">ASTM A270 \u2013 \u1ed0ng Inox \u201csanitary\u201d cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m &#038; \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-astm-a778-ong-inox-han-as-welded-khong-u-phi-ap-lu\">ASTM A778 \u2013 \u1ed0ng Inox h\u00e0n \u201cas-welded\u201d, kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7 (phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-a312-vs-a270-vs-a778\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh A312 vs A270 vs A778<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-cach-ghi-ro-yeu-cau-trong-po-de-mua-dung-hang\">C\u00e1ch ghi r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong PO \u0111\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u00fang h\u00e0ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-loi-pho-bien-tai-cong-truong-viet-nam-va-cach-tran\">L\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-faq-nhanh\">FAQ nhanh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Trong m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng Inox c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00eca kh\u00f3a\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang v\u1eadt t\u01b0, tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng Inox \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: ASTM A312 (\u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao), ASTM A270 (\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\u2013\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng), v\u00e0 ASTM A778 (\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n as-welded, kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7, cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 C\u1ea9m nang v\u1ec1 \u1ed0ng v\u00e0 H\u1ed9p Inox, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung sau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u2013 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn \u2013 c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra 3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-tom-tat-nhanh-nen-chon-tieu-chuan-nao\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh: n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A312: D\u00e0nh cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/\u0103n m\u00f2n\/nh\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (h\u01a1i, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, B31.3). H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: seamless (SMLS) ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch (welded, solution annealed). C\u00f3 Hydrotest\/NDE theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. D\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc theo ASME B36.19M (Schedule 5S\/10S\/40S\/80S).<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A270: D\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 sinh ng\u00e0nh s\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m; \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n, s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc\/\u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m (Ra). Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh\/\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i kh\u1eaft khe.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A778: \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n \u201cas-welded\u201d, kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n A312; d\u00f9ng cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, lan can, \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3\/tho\u00e1t, h\u1ec7 phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho h\u1ec7 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/h\u01a1i\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1c code \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-astm-a312-ong-inox-austenitic-cho-dich-vu-an-mon-v\">ASTM A312 \u2013 \u1ed0ng Inox austenitic cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h2>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea1m vi, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ea1m vi: \u1ed0ng Inox austenitic seamless (SMLS), h\u00e0n th\u1eb3ng\/EFW (welded), ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng, d\u00f9ng cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: TP304\/304L, TP316\/316L, TP321, TP347, TP310S\u2026 (ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 \u201cTP\u201d cho \u201cTube\/Pipe\u201d).<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: Theo ASME B36.19M cho \u1ed1ng Inox; d\u00f9ng Schedule 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S (th\u00e0nh \u201cS\u201d kh\u00e1c carbon steel).<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: H\u01a1i b\u00e3o h\u00f2a\/superheated, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 CIP\/SIP c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sanitary polish).<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n theo A312 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch (solution annealed) v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9\/th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (pickling &#038; passivation) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ed0ng seamless \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch sau k\u00e9o\/\u00e9p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Cho m\u00e1c L (304L\/316L) h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a do C th\u1ea5p; ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u00e0n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n<h3>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u01a1 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (TP304\/316): \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ~515 MPa, ch\u1ea3y ~205 MPa (tham kh\u1ea3o ASTM A312\/A312M).<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c: ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00e9o; th\u1eed d\u1eb9t\/lo\u00e9; ki\u1ec3m tra \u0103n m\u00f2n li\u00ean tinh khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c NDE (d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y\/si\u00eau \u00e2m) theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9: MTC theo EN 10204 3.1; d\u1ea5u Heat No. truy xu\u1ea5t l\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u201cschedule\u201d \u2013 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>Theo ASME B36.19M (tham kh\u1ea3o):<br \/>\n&#8211; 2&#8243; (\u00d860.3 mm): Sch 10S t = 2.77 mm; Sch 40S t = 3.91 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; 3&#8243; (\u00d888.9 mm): Sch 10S t = 3.05 mm; Sch 40S t = 5.49 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; 4&#8243; (\u00d8114.3 mm): Sch 10S t = 3.05 mm; Sch 40S t = 6.02 mm.<br \/>\n&#8211; 6&#8243; (\u00d8168.3 mm): Sch 10S t = 3.05 mm; Sch 40S t = 7.11 mm.<br \/>\nGhi ch\u00fa: v\u1edbi Inox, \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u201cS\u201d schedules theo B36.19M; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m v\u1edbi B36.10 cho th\u00e9p carbon.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu A312<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5: ASTM A312 + m\u00e1c (VD: TP316L) + k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc danh ngh\u0129a (NPS) + Schedule + lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng (SMLS\/Welded) + y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch, pickling\/passivation.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i kho: PMI XRF x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e1c; soi m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (n\u1ebfu welded) \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea9y\/\u1ee7; \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec3m; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Hydrotest\/NDE theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n; ki\u1ec3m tra Heat No. kh\u1edbp MTC.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m: A778 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay cho A312 trong h\u1ec7 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c; 201 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong A312.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-astm-a270-ong-inox-sanitary-cho-thuc-pham-do-uong\">ASTM A270 \u2013 \u1ed0ng Inox \u201csanitary\u201d cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m &#038; \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ea1m vi: \u1ed0ng Inox austenitic (c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 duplex\/austenitic-ferritic trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi), d\u1ea1ng seamless ho\u1eb7c welded, d\u00f9ng cho ng\u00e0nh s\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong\/ngo\u00e0i.<br \/>\n&#8211; M\u00e1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: 304\/304L, 316L (316L th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho s\u1eefa\/\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng CIP ch\u1ee9a Cl-).<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (mechanically polished \u2013 MP) m\u1eb7t trong\/ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c nh\u00e1m th\u1ea5p; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a (EP) khi c\u1ea7n s\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u201csanitary finish\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 3-A Sanitary\/khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ng\u00e0nh: Ra ID \u2264 0.8 \u00b5m (32 \u00b5in) cho ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m; nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng\/vi sinh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ra ID 0.4\u20130.5 \u00b5m; OD th\u01b0\u1eddng Ra \u2264 0.8\u20131.2 \u00b5m.<br \/>\n&#8211; A270 cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 Ra trong PO; v\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1ee3c\/pharma n\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfu th\u00eam ASME BPE (c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p SF nh\u01b0 SF1, SF4).<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ea1t m\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng 180\u2013320 grit \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t Ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau; EP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a Ra ID xu\u1ed1ng ~0.25\u20130.38 \u00b5m.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng b\u1ecdc n\u1eafp nh\u1ef1a, bao PE s\u1ea1ch, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ee5i\/d\u1ea7u; truy xu\u1ea5t heat number v\u00e0 b\u0103ng keo m\u00e0u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m: ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (v\u1edbi welded), ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111o Ra, soi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 NDE. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MTC 3.1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 Ra\/bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh (clamp, ferrule) kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c A270 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch 3-A\/BPE.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: s\u1eefa, bia, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, CIP\/SIP d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p th\u1ea5p-trung b\u00ecnh, b\u1ed3n tr\u1ed9n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed3i tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u01b0u \u00fd Vi\u1ec7t Nam: x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u201csanitary tubing\u201d A270 (OD theo inch, th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng) \u2013 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m \u1ed1ng schedule A312; \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L cho s\u1eefa\/\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7n, chu tr\u00ecnh CIP c\u00f3 hypochlorite.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-astm-a778-ong-inox-han-as-welded-khong-u-phi-ap-lu\">ASTM A778 \u2013 \u1ed0ng Inox h\u00e0n \u201cas-welded\u201d, kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7 (phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c)<\/h2>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1edbi A312<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u1ea1m vi: \u1ed0ng Inox austenitic h\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch sau h\u00e0n. D\u00f9ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u1eb9\/phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u1eaft khe th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n A312; kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c hydrotest; c\u01a1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n do kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7.<br \/>\n&#8211; H\u1ec7 chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c: Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo ASME B31.3\/B31.1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u A312\/A358.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, lan can, \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed, \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3\/tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, jacket, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1i, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, hay m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chloride kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf: gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n A312; d\u1ec5 mua k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u01a1 kh\u00ed\/k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-so-sanh-nhanh-a312-vs-a270-vs-a778\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh A312 vs A270 vs A778<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/\u0103n m\u00f2n\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\u2013\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng (sanitary).<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<br \/>\n&#8211; X\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch + pickling\/passivation.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: t\u00f9y c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh; ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng\/EP.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7 (as-welded).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: c\u01a1 t\u00ednh + flattening\/flaring + hydro ho\u1eb7c NDE theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, nh\u00e1m; c\u00f3 NDE\/k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc; \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u1ea1ch.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: NDE t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u; hydro kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Ra (ID\/OD), \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng\/EP.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec7 sinh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u00e1\/kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312: cao nh\u1ea5t trong ba (\u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c).<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: cao do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\/\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<br \/>\n  &#8211; A778: ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-cach-ghi-ro-yeu-cau-trong-po-de-mua-dung-hang\">C\u00e1ch ghi r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong PO \u0111\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u00fang h\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n + m\u00e1c: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u201cASTM A312 TP316L\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cASTM A270 316L sanitary\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: NPS + Schedule (A312) ho\u1eb7c OD x WT (A270\/A778); \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb mm\/inch.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng: SMLS ho\u1eb7c Welded; v\u1edbi A312 welded y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201csolution annealed + pickled\/passivated\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:<br \/>\n  &#8211; A270: n\u00eau Ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ID Ra \u2264 0.5 \u00b5m, OD Ra \u2264 0.8 \u00b5m), MP\/EP, c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i (180\u2013320 grit).<br \/>\n  &#8211; A312\/A778: n\u00eau pickling\/passivation n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh: Hydrotest\/NDE theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (A312); ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 Ra\/soi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (A270); NDE c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (A778 n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u).<br \/>\n&#8211; Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9: MTC EN 10204 3.1; PMI; truy xu\u1ea5t Heat No.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bao g\u00f3i &#038; giao nh\u1eadn: n\u1eafp ch\u1ee5p, b\u1ecdc PE s\u1ea1ch (A270), ch\u1ed1ng x\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-loi-pho-bien-tai-cong-truong-viet-nam-va-cach-tran\">L\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh)<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; D\u00f9ng A778 thay A312 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1i\/h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00ec \u201cgi\u1ed1ng 304\/316\u201d \u2192 nguy c\u01a1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9\/n\u1ee9t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 A312 + hydro\/NDE + \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nh\u1ea7m \u1ed1ng sanitary A270 v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng schedule A312 (OD\/WT kh\u00e1c) \u2192 l\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n clamp\/BW. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng 304 cho chu tr\u00ecnh CIP ch\u1ee9a chloride cao \u2192 r\u1ed7 pitting. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: ch\u1ecdn 316L, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\/Cl- c\u1ee7a CIP.<br \/>\n&#8211; Mua 201 v\u00ec r\u1ebb nh\u01b0ng d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n \u201c304\u201d \u2192 \u0103n m\u00f2n nhanh. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: PMI XRF v\u00e0 MTC 3.1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-faq-nhanh\">FAQ nhanh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng A778 thay A312 Sch 10S cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n? Kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb. H\u1ec7 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u00ean d\u00f9ng A312 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch.<br \/>\n&#8211; A270 c\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1t 3-A\u201d hay \u201cBPE\u201d kh\u00f4ng? A270 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ed1ng; 3-A v\u00e0 ASME BPE l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh\/h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng A270 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00eam 3-A\/BPE t\u00f9y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; 304L hay 316L cho s\u1eefa\/bia? 316L th\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi Cl- v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh CIP; 304L d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ec7 sinh t\u1ed1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u201cSchedule S\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y danh ngh\u0129a d\u00e0nh cho \u1ed1ng Inox theo ASME B36.19M: 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-tai-lieu-tham-khao\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A312\/A312M \u2013 Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes: astm.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A270 \u2013 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic and Ferritic\/Austenitic Stainless Steel Sanitary Tubing: astm.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A778 \u2013 Standard Specification for Welded, Unannealed Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubular Products: astm.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME B36.19M \u2013 Stainless Steel Pipe (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc\/schedule cho \u1ed1ng Inox): asme.org<br \/>\n&#8211; 3-A Sanitary Standards for Dairy Equipment (khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t): 3-a.org<br \/>\n&#8211; ASME BPE \u2013 Bioprocessing Equipment (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sanitary\/pharma): asme.org<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; ASTM A312 l\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng\u201d cho h\u1ec7 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/\u0103n m\u00f2n\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao; b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A270 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (Ra, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u1ea1ch), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\u2013\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 3-A\/BPE khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A778 l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n as-welded, kinh t\u1ebf cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch phi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c\/k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u2013 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf A312 trong h\u1ec7 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.<br \/>\nN\u1eafm v\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, ghi r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong PO v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 \u00e1n an to\u00e0n, b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n theo b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhanh ASTM A312, A270, A778: kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng; k\u00e8m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng Inox \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1041,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1662"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1662\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}