{"id":1772,"date":"2026-03-12T12:34:23","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T05:34:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thiet-ke-chon-inox-316l-904l-cho-bon-chua-hoa-chat-an-mon\/"},"modified":"2026-03-12T12:34:23","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T05:34:23","slug":"thiet-ke-chon-inox-316l-904l-cho-bon-chua-hoa-chat-an-mon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/thiet-ke-chon-inox-316l-904l-cho-bon-chua-hoa-chat-an-mon\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ecdn Inox 316L\/904L cho b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"custom-toc\">\n<h3>N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-0-so-sanh-nhanh-316l-va-904l-theo-yeu-cau-bon-chua-h\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh 316L v\u00e0 904L theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-1-moi-truong-hoa-chat-dien-hinh-chon-316l-hay-904l\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: ch\u1ecdn 316L hay 904L?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-2-quy-trinh-lua-chon-vat-lieu-theo-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-3-huong-dan-thiet-ke-bon-chua-inox-cho-moi-truong-an\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a inox cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-4-ma-tran-khuyen-nghi-nhanh-theo-ung-dung\">Ma tr\u1eadn khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nhanh theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-5-chi-phi-va-tuoi-tho-316l-vs-904l\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd: 316L vs 904L<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-6-vi-du-ung-dung-tai-viet-nam\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-7-kiem-tra-ve-sinh-va-bao-tri\">Ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-8-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox cho b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng (h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u), 316L v\u00e0 904L l\u00e0 hai c\u1ea5p austenitic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng 316L, khi n\u00e0o b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng 904L (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c), c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd b\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-0-so-sanh-nhanh-316l-va-904l-theo-yeu-cau-bon-chua-h\">So s\u00e1nh nhanh 316L v\u00e0 904L theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 316L (UNS S31603, ASTM A240): 17\u201318%Cr, 10\u201312%Ni, 2.0\u20132.5%Mo, C\u22640.03%. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, d\u1ec5 h\u00e0n, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p; d\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t cho nhi\u1ec1u axit y\u1ebfu\/trung b\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec1m, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed kho\u00e1ng. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: d\u1ec5 r\u1ed7\/c\u1ea1p k\u1ebd \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl-, d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t SCC Cl- \u1edf >60\u00b0C.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L (UNS N08904, ASTM A240): ~20%Cr, 24\u201326%Ni, 4\u20135%Mo, 1\u20132%Cu, C\u22640.02%. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong H2SO4 v\u00e0 H3PO4 t\u1ea1p Cl-\/F-, ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7\/c\u1ea1p k\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n 316L, ch\u1ed1ng SCC Cl- c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: gi\u00e1 cao, gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PREN (Cr + 3.3\u00d7Mo + 16\u00d7N, %) \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<br \/>\n  + 316L: ~24\u201326 \u2192 ch\u1ecbu r\u1ed7 trung b\u00ecnh trong Cl-.<br \/>\n  + 904L: ~34\u201336 \u2192 ch\u1ecbu r\u1ed7\/c\u1ea1p k\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed7 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (CPT) trong dung d\u1ecbch Cl-:<br \/>\n  + 316L: kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201320\u00b0C.<br \/>\n  + 904L: kho\u1ea3ng 35\u201350\u00b0C.<br \/>\n(L\u01b0u \u00fd: gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Cl-.)<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-1-moi-truong-hoa-chat-dien-hinh-chon-316l-hay-904l\">M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: ch\u1ecdn 316L hay 904L?<\/h2>\n<h3>Ax\u00edt sunfuric (H2SO4)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 316L: ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (\u2248 \u226420%) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (\u2248 \u226440\u00b0C). \u1ede n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh-cao, 316L b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho H2SO4; ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf d\u1ea3i n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng (0\u201398%) t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u00f9ng 904L cho b\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee9a H2SO4.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: H2SO4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, \u1eafc quy, tinh luy\u1ec7n) \u2192 ch\u1ecdn 904L cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u01b0\u1edbt. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 >60\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p s\u1eaft\/Cl- cao, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc h\u1ee3p kim b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n (Alloy 20, 254 SMO, titan).<\/p>\n<h3>Ax\u00edt photphoric (H3PO4)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 316L: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi H3PO4 tinh khi\u1ebft \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n&#8211; Trong H3PO4 \u01b0\u1edbt (c\u00f3 F-, Cl- nh\u01b0 trong ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n), 904L v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u1edd Mo v\u00e0 Cu cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: H3PO4 \u01b0\u1edbt\/t\u1ea1p \u2192 904L.<\/p>\n<h3>Ax\u00edt nitric (HNO3)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 316L: r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t trong HNO3 oxy h\u00f3a; 904L kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: HNO3 \u2192 \u01b0u ti\u00ean 316L (tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 Cl- \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3).<\/p>\n<h3>Ax\u00edt clohydric (HCl) v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i Cl- m\u1ea1nh<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C\u1ea3 316L v\u00e0 904L \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00e9m trong HCl (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t lo\u00e3ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p). R\u1ee7i ro \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u1ed7, \u0103n m\u00f2n khe v\u00e0 SCC r\u1ea5t cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: Tr\u00e1nh inox austenitic; d\u00f9ng FRP, cao su l\u00f3t th\u00e9p, Alloy 20, ho\u1eb7c titan t\u00f9y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec1m (NaOH, KOH)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 316L: t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba; 904L kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111a s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: B\u1ed3n ki\u1ec1m n\u00f3ng \u2192 316L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kinh t\u1ebf; ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n ki\u1ec1m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao\/k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h3>Mu\u1ed1i chloride\/ n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n\/ n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 316L: nguy c\u01a1 r\u1ed7\/c\u1ea1p k\u1ebd cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m\/t\u0129nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L: ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n n\u00f3ng\/stagnant; duplex 2205 ho\u1eb7c 6Mo th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: D\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i\/Cl- \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2192 904L n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c d\u00f9ng austenitic; xem x\u00e9t duplex cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh (NaOCl, ClO2, bleach)<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; 316L\/904L: kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (pitting\/SCC nhanh).<br \/>\n&#8211; Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: FRP, PVC\/CPVC, titan t\u00f9y n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9\/nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-2-quy-trinh-lua-chon-vat-lieu-theo-buoc\">Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<p>1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 min-max, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 min-max, th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u\/tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, c\u00f3 s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed\/oxy h\u00f3a hay kh\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n2) X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t: Cl-, F-, Fe3+\/Cu2+, H2S, SO2\/SO3; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n; pH.<br \/>\n3) Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0103n m\u00f2n chi ph\u1ed1i: \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u, r\u1ed7\/c\u1ea1p k\u1ebd, SCC Cl-, \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, m\u1ecfi \u0103n m\u00f2n.<br \/>\n4) S\u01a1 tuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<br \/>\n&#8211; H2SO4\/H3PO4 \u01b0\u1edbt \u2192 904L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec1m, HNO3, ax\u00edt h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (axetic, formic) \u2192 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Cl- cao\/n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u2192 904L ho\u1eb7c duplex (c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc 2205\/2507).<br \/>\n&#8211; HCl\/NaOCl \u2192 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c (FRP, titan, h\u1ee3p kim Ni).<br \/>\n5) Ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n m\u00f2n: tham chi\u1ebfu s\u1ed5 tay \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 datasheet (Outokumpu, Sandvik, NACE) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 <0.1\u20130.5 mm\/n\u0103m cho b\u1ed3n).  \n6) \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n, s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 (t\u1ea5m, \u1ed1ng, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n, que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n), ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 (ASTM A240, EN 10204 3.1).  \n7) T\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (LCC): CAPEX v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u + chi ph\u00ed d\u1eebng m\u00e1y, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, nguy c\u01a1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9; ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"toc-3-huong-dan-thiet-ke-bon-chua-inox-cho-moi-truong-an\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a inox cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/h2>\n<h3>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2013 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed3n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n\/\u00e1p th\u1ea5p: API 650 (tham kh\u1ea3o Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c inox), EN 14015.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p: ASME Section VIII Div.1.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: ASTM A240 (t\u1ea5m 316L\/904L), ASTM A312 (\u1ed1ng), ASTM A182 (m\u1eb7t b\u00edch). T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u00e8m MTC EN 10204 3.1.<br \/>\n&#8211; TCVN ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM\/EN; n\u00ean th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h3>Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Gi\u1ea3m khe h\u1edf: tr\u00e1nh bul\u00f4ng ng\u1eadp \u01b0\u1edbt, d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00e0n k\u00edn; v\u00e1t tr\u00f2n g\u00f3c, h\u00e0n nh\u1eb5n g\u1edd; t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a \u201cdead-leg\u201d.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong: ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n 2B ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0i m\u1ecbn Ra \u22640.8\u20131.2 \u03bcm; c\u00e0ng m\u1ecbn c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m r\u1ed7 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1y 1:100 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u1eeda x\u1ea3; b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00f2i r\u1eeda\/\u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch c\u1eb7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi th\u00e2n (904L \u0111i v\u1edbi 904L) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh pin \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gasket: PTFE\/expanded PTFE cho ax\u00edt; EPDM cho ki\u1ec1m; tr\u00e1nh s\u1ee3i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9a Cl-.<br \/>\n&#8211; Bu-l\u00f4ng v\u00f9ng \u01b0\u1edbt: AISI 316 (B8M) cho 316L; v\u1edbi 904L c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ph\u1ee7\/PTFE ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim Ni; t\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec7m phi kim khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 CUI: d\u00f9ng b\u00f4ng kho\u00e1ng\/\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u201clow-chloride\u201d; b\u1ecbt k\u00edn v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc; ki\u1ec3m tra CUI \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 n\u1ebfu v\u1ecf b\u1ed3n 50\u2013120\u00b0C (nguy c\u01a1 SCC Cl-).<\/p>\n<h3>H\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Que\/d\u00e2y h\u00e0n:<br \/>\n  + 316L: ER316L\/E316L.<br \/>\n  + 904L: ER385 (904L)\/E385; d\u00f9ng kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n \u201cover-alloyed\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Mo\/Ni trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, t\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy tr\u00ecnh: nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p-v\u1eeba (\u22480.5\u20131.5 kJ\/mm), nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp <100\u00b0C, che kh\u00ed m\u1eb7t sau (back purging) v\u1edbi Ar, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u\/mu\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0n.  \n- Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng: t\u1ea9y pickling (h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p HNO3\/HF c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p) ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ax\u00edt nitric\/citric theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n.  \n- Ki\u1ec3m tra NDT v\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng: PT\/VT, n\u1ed9i soi; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch, nh\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea1p k\u1ebd.\n\n\n\n<h3>\u0102n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 SCC: ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Cl- + nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: gi\u1eef Cl- h\u00f2a tan c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t; n\u1ebfu >200 ppm v\u00e0 T>40\u00b0C, 316L r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ed7 t\u0103ng nhanh; v\u1edbi 904L ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n.<br \/>\n&#8211; Tr\u00e1nh gradient nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea9m mu\u1ed1i; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecdng m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i\/\u1ea9n \u1ea9m.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u1ebfu v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh >60\u00b0C trong dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a Cl- \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 SCC; c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc duplex\/6Mo n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-4-ma-tran-khuyen-nghi-nhanh-theo-ung-dung\">Ma tr\u1eadn khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nhanh theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; H2SO4 0\u201398% \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: 904L.<br \/>\n&#8211; H3PO4 \u01b0\u1edbt (t\u1ea1p F-, Cl-): 904L.<br \/>\n&#8211; HNO3 30\u201365%: 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ki\u1ec1m 20\u201350% \u0111\u1ebfn ~100\u00b0C: 316L.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u0129nh\/\u1ea5m: 904L c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf; \u01b0u ti\u00ean duplex 2205 cho \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao.<br \/>\n&#8211; HCl\/NaOCl\/ClO2: tr\u00e1nh 316L\/904L; ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-5-chi-phi-va-tuoi-tho-316l-vs-904l\">Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd: 316L vs 904L<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; CAPEX: 904L th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n 1.8\u20133.0 l\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 316L (t\u00f9y th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n).<br \/>\n&#8211; OPEX\/tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd: trong H2SO4\/H3PO4 \u01b0\u1edbt, 904L gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh r\u1ee7i ro r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, d\u1eebng m\u00e1y, thay b\u1ed3n s\u1edbm; t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 316L + bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e1 v\u00edu.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: n\u1ebfu t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n 316L d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn >0.5 mm\/n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c CPT d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u2192 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ngay l\u00ean 904L\/duplex.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-6-vi-du-ung-dung-tai-viet-nam\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; B\u1ed3n H2SO4 98%, 50 m\u00b3, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc: 904L cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n \u01b0\u1edbt (th\u00e2n\/\u0111\u00e1y\/nozzle \u01b0\u1edbt), ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n 2B, h\u00e0n ER385, gasket PTFE. C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i \u201clow-chloride\u201d, che m\u01b0a t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m CUI; ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed7i 12 th\u00e1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n NaOH 50%, 80\u00b0C, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y gi\u1ea5y: 316L \u0111\u1ee7; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m khe (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t b\u00edch), gasket EPDM ho\u1eb7c PTFE, th\u1eed th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed ion, r\u1eeda \u2013 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a sau th\u1eed.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch NaOCl (thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y): ch\u1ecdn FRP l\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng 316L\/904L do pitting\/SCC nhanh.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-7-kiem-tra-ve-sinh-va-bao-tri\">Ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3: ngo\u1ea1i quan m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, v\u00f9ng m\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t; PT\/UT t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nghi ng\u1edd.<br \/>\n&#8211; L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch: tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9a Cl-; \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed kho\u00e1ng + t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda trung t\u00ednh; \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng nitric\/citric khi c\u1ea7n.<br \/>\n&#8211; V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i g\u00e2y ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; n\u1ebfu d\u1eebng d\u00e0i, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch \u2013 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-8-nguon-tham-khao-chinh\">Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; Outokumpu Corrosion Handbook, latest edition: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0103n m\u00f2n 316L, 904L, PREN, CPT.<br \/>\n&#8211; Sandvik\/Alleima Materials Data (316L, 904L): h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<br \/>\n&#8211; ASTM A240, A312, A182: ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea5m\/\u1ed1ng\/m\u1eb7t b\u00edch inox.<br \/>\n&#8211; API 650, EN 14015: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<br \/>\n&#8211; NACE MR0175\/ISO 15156 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o SCC Cl- cho inox austenitic.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"toc-9-ket-luan\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; 316L l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng cho HNO3, ki\u1ec1m, ax\u00edt h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- th\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba.<br \/>\n&#8211; 904L l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1ecdt\u201d cho H2SO4 v\u00e0 H3PO4 \u01b0\u1edbt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl- n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, nh\u1edd PREN v\u00e0 CPT cao h\u01a1n; tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong HCl, hypochlorite v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n n\u00f3ng t\u0129nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean: h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t\u2013n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9\u2013nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\u2013t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t\u2013c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh khe\u2013y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n\u2013chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m khe, h\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang quy ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau h\u00e0n s\u1ebd nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd b\u1ed3n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u201cch\u1ecdn m\u00e1c th\u00e9p\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft theo m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n? Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Inox C\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2013 h\u00e0n \u2013 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Hotline: 0343.417.281. Email: inoxcongnghiep.cuongthinh@gmail.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn Inox 316L hay 904L cho b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n: \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, h\u00e0n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, chi ph\u00ed v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1772"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1772\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media\/1032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inoxcuongthinh.com\/inct\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}